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[Article Digests for Psychology & Social Work]

NYU Information for Practice Daily Digest (Unofficial)

 

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/10497315241275492/) Comparison of Two Controlled Trials Designed to Reduce Aggressive Behavior in China
Sep 4th 2024, 15:28

Research on Social Work Practice, Ahead of Print. Objective: This report describes the outcomes of two controlled trials of a social information-processing intervention, the Let’s Be Friends (LBF) program, which was designed to reduce aggressive behavior in primary school children in rural China. Method: A blocked clusters design with random sampling was used in each trial. Combining the two trials and adjusting for differences between the studies, we estimated outcomes across all treated (n = 698) and control (n = 710) group children; additionally, we compared Trial 1 treated children with Trial 2 treated children. Results: Across the combined studies, significant differences on children’s social skills and behavior favored the LBF condition. However, the outcomes for Trial 2 demonstrated less robust behavioral effects, suggesting that the program was weakened by pandemic-related implementation and measurement challenges. Conclusion: The LBF appears to strengthen the social competence of children in rural China. However, conducting school-based interventions during environmental disruptions requires alternative delivery and measurement strategies.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/10497315241275492?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/10497315241269839/) Professional Education or Certificate: The Factors Influencing Child Maltreatment Recognition in China
Sep 4th 2024, 15:27

Research on Social Work Practice, Ahead of Print. Purpose: This study examines the influences of social work education and social work certificates on the recognition of child maltreatment and its subtypes among social workers in contemporary China. Method: Data from 3,032 child social workers in the 2019 Chinese Social Work Longitudinal Study were analyzed using t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlations, and multiple regression models. Results: Social work education showed no significant association with child maltreatment recognition. Individuals with assistant-level or associate-level professional certificates demonstrated higher levels of recognition of child maltreatment and certain subtypes, including emotional abuse and neglect. Conclusions: Compared to the extensive coverage of child protection in certificate exams that reflects practical needs and policy changes, an overall lack of child social work content in degree programs could lead to long-term consequences on child protection practices and calls for a practice-oriented reorganization of social work degree curricula.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/10497315241269839?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/10497315241271983/) Crime-First Labels and Public Attitudes Toward Adolescent Girls in the  Juvenile Legal System
Sep 4th 2024, 15:27

Research on Social Work Practice, Ahead of Print. Purpose: This study delves into the effects of labels, specifically crime-first language, on public attitudes toward adolescent girls within the juvenile legal system. Examining fictional vignettes depicting family conflict, the research explores whether the use of language influences the endorsement of punitive responses and if this effect varies across racial and ethnic lines. Method: A large online, statewide sample of adults (n = 1,791) was randomized to one of six vignettes. Results: Findings reveal that crime-first language, “accused of domestic battery,” is significantly associated with more punitive attitudes. We found no interaction effects between race and label. Although effect sizes were small, the study emphasizes the need to reconsider language choices to avoid perpetuating negative stereotypes and stigmatization. Discussion: Identifying and disseminating person-first language may be an important form of social work practice that can enhance current efforts on the Social Work Grand Challenge of promoting smart decarceration.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/00208728241269801/) Is COVID-19 related workload related to Chinese social workers’ mental health? A moderated mediation model of compassion burnout and emotional regulation
Sep 4th 2024, 15:27

International Social Work, Ahead of Print. COVID-19-related workload is a significant determinant of social worker mental health, with limited exploration of the underlying mechanisms. This study investigates the mediating role of compassion burnout and the moderating effect of emotional regulation among 1023 Chinese social workers. Compassion burnout partially mediates the COVID-19 workload–depression relationship, while emotional regulation moderates this link and the impact of compassion burnout on depression. Notably, social workers with higher emotional regulation exhibit reduced susceptibility. This research advances our understanding of the COVID-19 workload’s impact on mental health and offers policy and organizational-level recommendations for safeguarding Chinese social workers’ well-being.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00208728241269801?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/00208728241269719/) Developing supervision of social work supervisors and their practice in Singapore: A cross-national collaboration
Sep 4th 2024, 15:27

International Social Work, Ahead of Print. This article reflects upon an international collaboration between supervision experts from South Africa, Hong Kong and New Zealand with the Singapore Association of Social Workers. This collaboration was focused on developing the supervision of supervisory practice. An overview of social work supervision in Singapore is discussed, followed by the process of developing the programme content, delivering training and providing consultation on creating a curriculum. The outcomes include supervision guidelines, curriculum development and further cross-national collaborations. The article concludes by discussing the learning from this international collaboration.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00208728241269719?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/00208728241269733/) Building social work capacity in Ukraine in times of war: The role of global social work engagement
Sep 4th 2024, 15:26

International Social Work, Ahead of Print. This article uses the reflections from three international initiatives aimed at assisting professionals who provide psychosocial services to those affected by Russia’s war in Ukraine. It concludes by highlighting how the international social work community could offer its support to promote the well-being of colleagues experiencing war and political violence globally.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00208728241269733?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/15381927241276437/) Latin* Student Success After the COVID-19 Pandemic
Sep 4th 2024, 15:26

Journal of Hispanic Higher Education, Ahead of Print. One notable outcome of the COVID-19 pandemic was the increased availability of online learning opportunities for higher education students. Despite the increased access and flexibility, few studies have examined the impact of Latin* students’ academic outcomes. Using a mixed-methods design, this study utilized administrative and focus group data from students enrolled in a Hispanic-Serving Institution (HSI) to examine the educational outcomes and experiences of Latin* undergraduates. Findings suggest that the impact was especially acute for Latina students, who opted to complete courses online rather than in-person, enrolled in fewer credits, and experienced lower grade point averages compared to other female students.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/15381927241276437?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/15381927241271113/) Validating Chicana/o/x and Latina/o/x Students Through University “Entradas” at a Hispanic Serving Institution (HSI)
Sep 4th 2024, 15:26

Journal of Hispanic Higher Education, Ahead of Print. Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSIs) across the US are working to identify and scale practices that intentionally serve the unique needs of Chicana/o/x and Latina/o/x student scholars. This study centers the voices of graduating undergraduate Chicana/o/x/Latina/o/x students as they reflect on their experiences at an HSI, sharing physical, academic, and social “entradas” that opened the “camino” to their academic success.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/15381927241271113?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/00224278241263527/) Did the Murder of George Floyd Damage Public Perceptions of Police and Law in the United States?
Sep 4th 2024, 15:26

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, Ahead of Print. Objectives: The police killing of George Floyd energized the Black Lives Matter (BLM) social movement across the United States in the summer of 2020. We test the impact on public perceptions of the fairness and legitimacy of the police and law. Methods: A four-state, three-wave, short-term longitudinal study (N = 1048; Arizona, Michigan, New York, and Texas) used a novel design focused on differences in change over time to test whether public perceptions changed after the killing of Floyd. Results: Fielding multiple outcome markers, as well as multiple pseudo-placebo comparison variables, we found that perceptions of police procedural justice, distributive justice, and bounded authority, as well as perceptions of the legitimacy of the police and law, declined following Floyd’s murder. Levels of trust in science, identification with healthcare workers, and collective efficacy perceptions did not change. As discussed in the paper, the effects varied by participants’ political views. Conclusions: The police killing of George Floyd and subsequent protests seemed to have damaged attitudes towards police and the law.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00224278241263527?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/pag0000802/) Which predicts longevity better: Satisfaction with life or purpose in life?
Sep 4th 2024, 15:26

Psychology and Aging, Vol 39(6), Sep 2024, 589-598; doi:10.1037/pag0000802
Life satisfaction and purpose in life are fundamental yet separate ways to evaluate one’s life. Both positively predict physical health and longevity, making them key factors for length and quality of life. However, we do not know which of them predicts mortality, when controlling for the influence of each other. Given that purpose in life involves a more active engagement with life and can help to cope with suffering, we hypothesize that purpose in life could be a more direct prospective predictor of longevity, overshadowing any effect of life satisfaction, when the two are pitted against each other as prospective predictors of longevity. To examine these hypotheses, we utilized Midlife in the U.S. survey, which is a 23-year follow-up study, (N = 5,993) and Cox proportional hazards models, repeating the analyses both without covariates and when controlling for various demographic and health-related variables. We show that both life satisfaction and purpose in life predict mortality when modeled separately. When life satisfaction, purpose in life and self-rated health were entered as simultaneous predictors of mortality, purpose in life remained a slightly more robust predictor of mortality, while life satisfaction became only marginally significant, suggesting that some of the factors that connect it to mortality are covered by the other two subjective evaluations. Overall, the results demonstrate that purpose in life is a robust predictor of mortality, and thus a key dimension of well-being to attend to as people age, while the predictive power of life satisfaction is more dependent on the choice of covariates. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/0739456x241273945/) Lessons from a Human-in-the-Loop Machine Learning Approach for Identifying Vacant, Abandoned, and Deteriorated Properties in Savannah, Georgia
Sep 4th 2024, 15:26

Journal of Planning Education and Research, Ahead of Print. Addressing strategies for managing vacant, abandoned, and deteriorated (VAD) properties is important for maintaining healthy communities. Yet, the process of identifying these properties can be difficult. Here, we create a human-in-the-loop machine learning (HITLML) model called VADecide and apply it to a parcel-level case study in Savannah, Georgia. The results show a higher prediction accuracy than was achieved when using a machine learning model without human input in the training. The HITLML approach also reveals differences between machine versus human-generated results. Our findings contribute to knowledge about the advantages and challenges of HITLML in urban planning.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0739456X241273945?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/pag0000827/) Are social interactions perceived as more meaningful in older adulthood?
Sep 4th 2024, 15:26

Psychology and Aging, Vol 39(6), Sep 2024, 599-607; doi:10.1037/pag0000827
Social relationships accompany us throughout adulthood and are among the most important sources of meaning in a person’s life. However, little is known about age differences in meaningfulness of social interactions across adulthood. According to socioemotional selectivity theory, as people age, they develop relatively stronger preferences for social relationships that are emotionally meaningful. Consequently, older adults may perceive social interactions in everyday life as more meaningful than younger adults. To test this hypothesis, the present study examined age-related differences in the perceived meaningfulness of daily social interactions using experience sampling data. Three-hundred six participants (56.9% women, 18–88 years) completed a total of 6,407 entries over 3 days. Results of the multilevel analyses showed that age was positively associated with perceived meaningfulness of daily social interactions, controlling for relationship closeness and situation valence. In addition, the perceived meaningfulness of daily social interactions was positively related to subjective well-being both between and within all participants, indicating that meaningful social interactions are beneficial for well-being regardless of age. Thus, perceiving social interactions as meaningful could be one way that older people maintain a high level of well-being in their daily lives. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/0739456x241268779/) How Plans Prepare for Future Uncertainty: Integrating Land Change Modeling and the Plan Integration for Resilience Scorecard™
Sep 4th 2024, 15:26

Journal of Planning Education and Research, Ahead of Print. This study integrates Land Change Modeling with the Plan Integration for Resilience Scorecard methodology to assess coastal communities’ preparedness for uncertain future urban growth and flood hazards. Findings indicate that, under static climate conditions, the network of plans in Tampa is well prepared across all urban growth scenarios, but less so in the face of a changing climate. Specifically, scenario outputs that consider climate change suggest the need for more resilient growth to reduce flood vulnerability compared with the current land use plan. Notably, some existing policies are likely to lead to counterproductive outcomes in a future with more extensive flooding.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0739456X241268779?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/pag0000823/) Changes in essentialist beliefs about cognitive aging predicts changes in mental health: Evidence from a 10-year longitudinal study.
Sep 4th 2024, 15:26

Psychology and Aging, Vol 39(6), Sep 2024, 608-617; doi:10.1037/pag0000823
The belief that aging-related cognitive decline is inevitable is associated with impaired cognitive performance of older adults. Little is, however, known about the association between changes in essentialist beliefs about cognitive aging and mental health in the long term and among both younger and older adults. From a theoretical perspective, it would be expected that changes in essentialist beliefs about cognitive aging predict changes in mental health among older adults compared to younger adults. These differential associations have not yet been prospectively investigated. Using longitudinal data, the association between changes in essentialist beliefs about cognitive aging and mental health outcomes and the moderation effect of age were assessed. Mental health includes well-being and mental illness (depression, anxiety, and panic symptoms). Data from adult participants (n = 4,963 with a mean age of 55.41 years, range 28–84 years) in a U.S. national longitudinal study were analyzed. A series of two-wave latent change score models indicated that changes in essentialist beliefs about cognitive aging are associated with changes in well-being and mental illness. Age did not moderate the relationship between changes in essentialist beliefs about aging and changes in mental health (i.e., mental illness and well-being). The present study highlights change-to-change dynamics between essentialist beliefs about cognitive aging and mental health, regardless of age. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/0739456x241269040/) Procedural Modeling in Urban Digital Twins as a Tool for Visualization, Analysis, and Public Engagement: Examining a Housing Policy in California
Sep 4th 2024, 15:26

Journal of Planning Education and Research, Ahead of Print. This article showcases the versatility of procedural modeling techniques in urban planning beyond their traditional use in visualization, such as an analytical tool and potentially a public engagement tool. The study demonstrates the potential of a specific California housing development state policy, Senate Bill 9 (SB9), which authorizes certain property owners to divide their land into two lots and erect two residences on each. Results of a California city’s parametric modeling indicate that procedural modeling can visualize the implications of land use regulation in an analytical and intelligible way to planning practitioners and the public.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/10783903241271273/) Analysis of Ohio Advanced Practice Registered Nurses’ Rate of Prescribing Naltrexone for Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder Since Elimination of the X-Waiver
Sep 4th 2024, 15:25

Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, Ahead of Print. Background:Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is common and deadly. Naltrexone is a treatment for AUD. Previous research examined factors that predict Ohio Advanced Practice Registered Nurses’ (APRNs) utilization of naltrexone to treat AUD. Inclusion criteria included APRNs’ endorsing receipt of the X-waiver, a designation indicating providers’ receipt of substance use disorder education. In 2023, the X-waiver was eliminated. The purpose of this study was to replicate the previous research design in respondents without an X-waiver and compare findings.Aims:The aims of this study were three-fold: (1) assess whether race, age, practice setting, years in practice, or work experience with an addiction specialist physician predicted prescription of naltrexone for AUD, (2) assess whether the goal of abstinence or reduced alcohol use as desired treatment affected the likelihood of naltrexone prescription for AUD, and (3) compare differences between the answers in the current respondent group without X-waiver and the previous study’s X-waivered respondents.Method:All Ohio APRNs were sent surveys. Eighty-eight responses were included in analysis. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression, and chi-square results were reported.Results:Work experience with an addiction specialist physician was negatively associated with prescribing naltrexone for AUD. Respondents from the previous study of X-waivered APRNs were significantly more likely to prescribe naltrexone for reduced alcohol consumption as a treatment outcome than the respondents in this study.Conclusion:The recent policy change eliminating the X-waiver provides important context for research, adding to the substance use disorder literature.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/pag0000810/) Age-related differences in trait affect: Establishing measurement invariance of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS).
Sep 4th 2024, 15:25

Psychology and Aging, Vol 39(6), Sep 2024, 618-631; doi:10.1037/pag0000810
The present study examined trajectories of trait positive and trait negative affect as measured by the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule across the lifespan. Increasing levels of measurement invariance of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule were tested across a wide age range (18–99 years of age; 10 age groups) in a large sample (N = 3,309; 65.82% women; 74.22% with a university entrance diploma; 92.23% with German as their mother tongue). Strong invariance was established so that the latent factor means of positive and negative affect could be meaningfully compared across age groups. Age had a small effect on positive affect, which showed a reversed U-shaped function with a maximum between the ages of 40 and 50. For negative affect, there was a strong cubic age effect. Specifically, negative affect decreased until about the age of 70 and then increased again. We also found a negative covariance between positive and negative affect, which first increased slightly and then decreased across age groups until becoming positive in the oldest age group. In summary, the present study supports previous findings on age trajectories of positive and negative affect but also highlights the importance of testing for measurement invariance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/10783903241268206/) An Empowerment-Based Intervention for Chinese Immigrant Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence: Feasibility and Acceptability
Sep 4th 2024, 15:25

Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, Ahead of Print. Background:Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health concern, particularly in vulnerable populations such as Chinese immigrant women.Aim:This study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of an empowerment-based intervention integrated with relaxation and self-compassion techniques for Chinese immigrant women experiencing IPV.Methods:The present study was a part of a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT). A total of 50 Chinese immigrant women who had experienced IPV in the past year were recruited online and randomized to either the intervention or the control group. The intervention group engaged in seven weekly sessions delivered with a phone call and a mobile application. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through surveys and interviews to evaluate intervention adherence, participants’ perceptions, and areas for improvement.Results:64% of the participants completed each weekly session, demonstrating favorable intervention adherence. The intervention was perceived to be helpful by most participants, with reported decreases in stress, anxiety, fatigue, pain, and family conflicts, and with reported improvements in emotion regulation and self-compassion. However, technical issues with the mobile platform and lack of personalization were identified as limitations.Conclusion:This study demonstrates the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention for Chinese immigrant women experiencing IPV and warrants a full-scale RCT to determine its efficacy. It will be essential to personalize the intervention and reduce any barriers to participation.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/tra0001563/) Gender differences in posttraumatic stress symptoms, marital satisfaction, and parenting behaviors in adults following typhoon Lekima.
Sep 4th 2024, 15:25

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, Vol 16(6), Sep 2024, 881-891; doi:10.1037/tra0001563
Objective: Belsky’s parenting model provides insight into the relationship between parental psychological status and parenting behaviors. However, little is known about the unique associations of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms with specific parenting behaviors. This study aimed to assess the associations of PTSD symptoms and three types of parenting behaviors (rejection, emotional warmth, and overprotection) with marital satisfaction, and to examine gender differences in these associations. Method: Self-report questionnaires were used to survey 4,570 parents 3 months after Typhoon Lekima in China. Results: The results showed that intrusion and avoidance symptoms had positively indirect associations with emotional warmth and negatively indirect associations with rejection and overprotection via marital satisfaction. However, negative cognitive and emotional alterations (NCEA) and hyperarousal symptoms had opposite relationships with three types of parenting behavior. A gender-moderated mediation relationship was found in the associations of PTSD symptoms and parenting behaviors via marital satisfaction. Marital satisfaction played a mediating role in the relationships between four PTSD symptom clusters and three types of parenting behavior in mothers, whereas in fathers, marital satisfaction mediated only the relationships of NCEA and hyperarousal symptoms with three types of parenting behavior. Conclusions: Marital satisfaction mediated the associations between four distinct PTSD symptom clusters and three types of parenting behavior, and a gender difference was found to be in these indirect relationships. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/00131644241268073/) Improving the Use of Parallel Analysis by Accounting for Sampling Variability of the Observed Correlation Matrix
Sep 4th 2024, 15:25

Educational and Psychological Measurement, Ahead of Print. Parallel analysis has been considered one of the most accurate methods for determining the number of factors in factor analysis. One major advantage of parallel analysis over traditional factor retention methods (e.g., Kaiser’s rule) is that it addresses the sampling variability of eigenvalues obtained from the identity matrix, representing the correlation matrix for a zero-factor model. This study argues that we should also address the sampling variability of eigenvalues obtained from the observed data, such that the results would inform practitioners of the variability of the number of factors across random samples. Thus, this study proposes to revise the parallel analysis to provide the proportion of random samples that suggest k factors (k = 0, 1, 2, . . .) rather than a single suggested number. Simulation results support the use of the proposed strategy, especially for research scenarios with limited sample sizes where sampling fluctuation is concerning.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/tra0001470/) Valenced dual tasking in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder.
Sep 4th 2024, 15:25

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, Vol 16(6), Sep 2024, 892-902; doi:10.1037/tra0001470
Objective: Dual-tasking studies show that emotionality and vividness of aversive memory decrease by engaging in a working memory task and simultaneous recall of that memory. Adding positive valence to a dual task might be a promising innovation in the amelioration of lab-induced memory. However, studies aiming to translate these findings into autobiographical memory of a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) population find conflicting results or show methodological flaws. The current study assesses the benefit of adding positive valence to a dual-tasking procedure in PTSD patients. Method: In a cross-over design PTSD patients (N = 33) recalled their traumatic memory and received the following three conditions in randomized order: rating positive pictures + exposure, rating neutral pictures + exposure, and exposure only. Each of the three conditions consisted of four sets of 1 min. In the first cycle, participants were exposed to each condition in a randomized order, which was then repeated in a second cycle. Before and after each condition, emotionality and vividness were rated on a visual analog scale (VAS), resulting in seven measurement timepoints in total. Results: Firstly, repeated measures ANOVAs showed a time effect: memories were less emotional and vivid after our summed (three) interventions. Secondly, repeated measures ANCOVAs indicated no evidence for differences between the conditions. Conclusions: We did not find evidence for a benefit of adding positive valence to a dual-task procedure in PTSD patients. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/00131644241268128/) Added Value of Subscores for Tests With Polytomous Items
Sep 4th 2024, 15:25

Educational and Psychological Measurement, Ahead of Print. Test-takers, policymakers, teachers, and institutions are increasingly demanding that testing programs provide more detailed feedback regarding test performance. As a result, there has been a growing interest in the reporting of subscores that potentially provide such detailed feedback. Haberman developed a method based on classical test theory for determining whether a subscore has added value over the total score. Sinharay conducted a detailed study using both real and simulated data and concluded that it is not common for subscores to have added value according to Haberman’s criterion. However, Sinharay almost exclusively dealt with data from tests with only dichotomous items. In this article, we show that it is more common for subscores to have added value in tests with polytomous items.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/tra0001435/) Pathways towards posttraumatic stress symptomatology: A moderated mediation model including perceived stress, worry, and defense mechanisms.
Sep 4th 2024, 15:25

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, Vol 16(6), Sep 2024, 903-912; doi:10.1037/tra0001435
Objective: The general aim of this study was to examine the psychological variables associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology, focusing on perceived stress, worry, as well as mature, neurotic, and immature defenses. Therefore, the differences in the study variables based on the levels of posttraumatic stress were explored, and a moderated mediation model was tested, controlling for gender and SARS-CoV-2 infection as covariates. Method: A sample of 1,864 Italian participants completed the Impact of event scale—revised (IES-R), the 10-Item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), and the 40-Item Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ–40). Results: 41% (n = 764) of participants showed scores indicative of a probable presence of PTSD. They reported significantly higher levels of perceived stress, worry, neurotic and immature defenses than participants with lower PTSD symptomatology. Perceived stress was significantly associated with PTSD symptomatology, both directly and indirectly through the mediation of worry. Furthermore, neurotic and immature defenses were significant moderators in some relationships of this model. Conclusions: Such data can provide useful indications to elaborate tailored interventions and specific prevention activities for PTSD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/10499091241282087/) Feasibility of Using Simulation to Evaluate Implementation Fidelity in an Advance Care Planning Pragmatic Trial
Sep 4th 2024, 15:25

American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine®, Ahead of Print. Background and Objectives: Traditional methods of fidelity monitoring are not possible in pragmatic trials in real-world clinical settings. We describe our approach to monitoring and reinforcing the fidelity to ACP conversations for a hard-to-reach subpopulation by using standardized patients in a pragmatic trial. Research Design and Methods: We developed standardized patient scenarios grounded in the Respecting Choices First Steps Advance Care Planning curriculum to provide an opportunity to reinforce and assess ACP facilitator competency. Scenarios represented one-on-one encounters. The first case was a standardized patient with cognitive impairment and the second case involved a standardized patient with dementia and their care partner. A previously validated fidelity checklist was used to score skills and behaviors observed during simulations including encounter set-up, ACP topics, and general communication. Simulations involved voice teleconferencing to align primary modality of ACP in the pragmatic trial. Results: Six facilitators completed two standardized patient cases each. Overall fidelity scores were moderately high (78.8% ± 11.7; 63.4 – 95.6) for the case with cognitive impairment and for the case with the patient with dementia and care partner (76.2% ± 13.0; 54.4 – 91.5). Discussion and Implications: Simulation using standardized patients supported fidelity monitoring and provided coachable feedback to support facilitator competency. Our study can help inform future research and training related to advance care planning in older adults living with Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/10499091241279939/) Comparing Nephrologists’ Self-Reported Decision-Making Skills and Treatment Attitudes With Their Patients’ Experiences of Making Kidney Therapy Decisions and Receiving Nephrology Care
Sep 4th 2024, 15:25

American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine®, Ahead of Print. BackgroundDialysis is often initiated in the United States without exploring patients’ preferred decision-making style, and conservative kidney management (CKM) is infrequently presented. To improve kidney therapy (KT) decision-making, research on nephrologists’ comfort with various decision-making styles, attitudes towards CKM, and reports of patients’ lived experiences with KT decision-making is needed.MethodsWe surveyed 28 nephrologists and 58 of their patients aged ≥75 years. The nephrologist survey was designed to gauge their comfort levels with decision-making styles and attitudes towards CKM. The patient survey assessed experiences in making KT decisions.ResultsThe average age of nephrologists was 43 years, and that of patients was 82 years. Nephrologists rated themselves as comfortable with various decision styles: paternalistic (60.7%), shared decision-making (92.8%), and patient-driven decision-making (67.8%). Nearly 57% of nephrologists felt challenged or were neutral in determining CKM’s suitability, and 39% reported difficulties in discussing CKM with patients or were neutral. Only 38 % of patients recalled discussing CKM with their nephrologists, and a minority reported discussing CKM-related topics such as life expectancy (24.7%), quality of life (QOL) (45.1%), and end-of-life care (17.5%).ConclusionsMost nephrologists displayed comfort with various decision-making styles; however, many described difficulties in guiding patients toward CKM. In contrast, patients reported gaps in vital aspects of KT decision-making and CKM choices, such as discussions of life expectancy, QOL, and end-of-life care. Raising awareness of blind spots in decision-making skills and educating nephrologists in KT decision-making to include CKM and other person-centered aspects of care are needed.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/tra0001577/) Examining the impact of daily discrimination on alcohol use among racially diverse, trauma-exposed sexually minoritized adults: A pilot study.
Sep 4th 2024, 15:25

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, Vol 16(6), Sep 2024, 913-921; doi:10.1037/tra0001577
Objective: Identity-based stress and trauma are key drivers of alcohol use-related health inequities among minoritized people. Research on intersectional experiences of identity-based stress and alcohol use among trauma-exposed minoritized people is scant. This pilot study used a 30-day diary design to examine the effect of identity-based discrimination exposure on alcohol use in a racially diverse sample of trauma-exposed sexual minoritized (SM) adults (N = 47; 63.8% cisgender female; 65.2% Black, Indigenous, and People of Color [BIPOC]). Method: Multilevel logistic regression models were used to evaluate whether days marked by any (vs. no) identity-based discrimination were concurrently or prospectively associated with increased likelihood of reporting a higher (vs. lower) level of drinking—and whether these associations differed by race/ethnicity. Results: Discrimination was associated with increased likelihood of reporting a higher level of same-day drinking (B = 0.91, p = .03), but did not predict next-day drinking. BIPOC (vs. White) individuals were less likely to report a higher drinking level on or following nondiscrimination days (Bs = −2.18 to −1.52, ps ≤ .005), but more likely to do so on or following discrimination days (Bs = 1.13–1.60, ps ≤ .03). Conclusions: Results suggest that everyday discrimination may create insidious risk for coping-motivated alcohol use among SM BIPOC, a subgroup that otherwise exhibits resilience with respect to drinking. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/10499091241277882/) Effectiveness and Feasibility of Home-Based Palliative Care Interventions for Geriatric Oncology Patients: A Systematic Review Using Narrative Synthesis
Sep 4th 2024, 15:24

American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine®, Ahead of Print. BackgroundDue to an urgent need to develop palliative care services for geriatric patients with advanced cancer, an overview of available information regarding home-based palliative care interventions would be valuable.AimTo summarize current literature for interventions targeted to homebound, older patients with incurable cancer, and investigate whether these patients can be benefited from home-based palliative care and achieve improved outcomes.DesignA search strategy consisting of terms related to home care, palliation, oncology, and geriatrics was employed. A protocol following PRISMA guidelines was prospectively uploaded at PROSPERO (ID = CRD42023404675).Data sourcesPubmed (MEDLINE), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), ClinicalTrials.gov, and Epistemonikos.org databases were searched from inception until the present day. Eligibility criteria were selected based on the research question, the population of interest, and the research design. The Risk of Bias Assessment Tool version 2 (RoB-2) was used to appraise study quality.ResultsA total of 10 articles including 871 patients (out of 1236 titles and 141 fully-reviewed texts) were selected. Four studies assessed exercise interventions, two evaluated multi-component home-care models, two focused on supervision services, and two had nutrition and activity components. Eight studies reported improved outcomes in either specified or mixed cancer geriatric populations.ConclusionsThere is a scarcity of clinical trials regarding home-based palliative care for geriatric oncology patients, resulting in poor information and a lack of evidence. At-home interventions seem feasible and have a positive effect on pain management and functional status, but more high-quality studies are required.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/bul0000439/) Negativity bias in intergroup contact: Meta-analytical evidence that bad is stronger than good, especially when people have the opportunity and motivation to opt out of contact.
Sep 4th 2024, 15:24

Psychological Bulletin, Vol 150(8), Aug 2024, 921-964; doi:10.1037/bul0000439
Seventy years of research on intergroup contact, or face-to-face interactions between members of opposing social groups, demonstrates that positive contact typically reduces prejudice and increases social cohesion. Extant syntheses, however, have not considered the full breadth of contact valence (positive/negative) and have treated self-selection as a threat to validity. This research bridges intergroup contact theory with sequential sampling models of impression formation to assess contact effects across all valences. From the premise that positive versus negative contact instigates differential resampling of outgroup experiences when self-selection is possible, we advance and meta-analytically test new predictions for the moderation of valenced contact effects and negativity bias as a function of people’s opportunity and motivation to self-select in and out of contact. Our random-effects synthesis of positive and negative intergroup contact studies (238 independent samples, 936 nested effects; total N = 152,985) found significant valenced contact effects: Positive contact systematically associates with lower prejudice, and negative contact associates with higher prejudice. Critically, the detrimental effect of negative contact is significantly larger than the benefit of positive contact. This negativity bias is particularly pronounced under conditions in which one can self-select, is motivated to avoid contact, among male-dominated and prejudiced samples, in contact with stigmatized, low status, low socioeconomic status outgroups, along nonconcealable stigma, with nonintimate contact partners in informal settings and in collectivistic societies. Considering individuals’ motivation and opportunity to self-select, together with contact valence, therefore offers a more nuanced and integrated platform to design contact-based interventions and policies across varied contact ecologies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/10499091241267917/) The Sowers of Seeds: A Qualitative Analysis of the Role of Palliative Care Educators in Facilitating Goals-of-Care Conversations and Palliative Care Referrals
Sep 4th 2024, 15:24

American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine®, Ahead of Print. BackgroundOptimal care for seriously ill and older patients often involves advance care planning (ACP), goals-of-care (GOC) conversations, and specialty palliative care consultation, three sometimes overlapping, yet distinct practices. Insufficient staffing and investment in these areas have limited their availability.ObjectivesWe explored the facilitators and barriers to successful implementation of the VIDEO-PCE trial. The intervention aimed to increase patient engagement in ACP, GOC, and by establishing Palliative Care Educators, a new clinical role integrated into existing hospital wards.DesignThis qualitative interview study employed a semi-structured interview guide tailored to the interviewee’s clinical role. The interviews elicited perceptions of the facilitators and barriers to integration of palliative care educators (PCEs) into existing workflows. We developed deductive codes a priori and inductive codes as we coded interview transcripts.Setting/SubjectsMedical/surgical floor clinical colleagues, palliative care team members, and PCEs from both participating sites were interviewed.ResultsTwenty-four individuals were interviewed (12 clinical staff of medical and surgical wards, seven palliative care team members, and five PCEs). Four themes were identified: (1) The work completed by the PCEs provided a foundation for future palliative care involvement; (2) Constituting the new role in practice required revision and creativity; (3) Communication was important to providing continuity of care; and (4) Establishing trust catalyzed the acceptance of the role.ConclusionThe creation and implementation of a new role within existing clinical workflows posed some challenges but were felt to relieve staff from some work burden and allow more patients to engage in ACP and GOC conversations.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04857060.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/08997640241267861/) Democracy and Management: Organizational Practices and Nonprofits’ Contributions to Society
Sep 4th 2024, 15:24

Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Ahead of Print. Nonprofit organizations contribute to society through service provision, advocacy, and community building. As they face the challenge of pursuing a social mission while operating in a market economy, many adopt businesslike practices in response. Nonprofits’ tendency to adopt such practices has become a contested scholarly topic, with, however, limited empirical evidence. Using survey data from nearly 600 nonprofits in the Vienna region, we examine how organizational practices—specifically businesslike managerial and democratic ones—relate to nonprofits’ emphasis on service provision, advocacy, and community building. Democratic and managerial practices follow institutional logics that may activate interpretation frame effects that influence organizational goals. Contrary to concerns in previous literature, we find that implementing managerial practices is harmonious not only with service delivery but also advocacy and, to some extent, community building. Democratic organizing, conversely, supports community building while reducing service delivery focus. Combining these practices can support a balanced societal role profile.
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Forwarded by:
Michael Reeder LCPC
Baltimore, MD

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