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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/neu0000943/) Language switching and speaking a nondominant language challenge executive control: Preliminary data for novel behavioral markers of Alzheimer’s risk in Spanish–English bilinguals.
May 24th 2024, 15:48

Neuropsychology, Vol 38(4), May 2024, 322-336; doi:10.1037/neu0000943
Objective: The present study explored psycholinguistic analysis of spoken responses produced in a structured interview and cued linguistic and nonlinguistic task switching as possible novel markers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk in Spanish–English bilinguals. Method: Nineteen Spanish–English bilinguals completed an Oral Proficiency Interview (OPI) in both languages, cued-switching tasks, and a battery of traditional neuropsychological tests (in a separate testing session). All were cognitively healthy at the time of testing, but eight decliners were later diagnosed with AD (on average 4.5 years after testing; SD = 2.3), while 11 controls remained cognitively healthy. Results: Past studies showed picture naming was more sensitive to AD in the dominant than in the nondominant language, but we found the opposite for a composite measure of spoken utterances produced in the OPI that included revisions, repetitions, and filled pauses (RRFPs), which were especially sensitive to AD risk in the nondominant language. Errors produced on language switch trials best discriminated decliners from controls (in receiver operating characteristic curves), and though the nonlinguistic switching task was also sensitive to AD risk, it elicited more errors overall and was also negatively affected by increased age and low education level. Conclusions: Speaking a nondominant language and errors in cued language switching provided sensitive and specific markers of pending cognitive decline and AD risk in bilinguals. These measures may reflect early decline in executive control abilities that are needed to plan and monitor the production of connected speech and to manage competition for selection between languages. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/infographics/number-of-pills-containing-fentanyl-seized-by-law-enforcement-in-the-united-states-2017-2023/) Number of Pills Containing Fentanyl Seized by Law Enforcement in the United States, 2017-2023
May 24th 2024, 15:27

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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/news/california-to-examine-medical-staffing-at-state-prisons-and-hospitals-heres-why/) California to examine medical staffing at state prisons and hospitals. Here’s why
May 24th 2024, 14:54

California will evaluate the outsourcing of medical and mental health care services at state prisons and hospitals with an audit request suggesting it costs the state up to three times more for contracted medical staff compared to using state employees.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/s13011-023-00582-7/) Engaging youth as leaders and partners can improve substance use prevention: a call to action to support youth engagement practice and research
May 24th 2024, 14:24

As a subfield of prevention science, substance use prevention researchers and professionals are increasingly focused on translating research into practice, developing the workforce of prevention specialists, a…
(https://substanceabusepolicy.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13011-023-00582-7) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/10596011241241093/) Beyond Diversity and Homogeneity: Conceptualizing Compatibility in Cognition
May 24th 2024, 13:47

Group &Organization Management, Ahead of Print. Despite the oft touted benefits of having differences in how people think about a task, teams often are not able to capitalize on their heterogeneity. The problem, we demonstrate, is that representational gaps—fundamental incompatibilities in the way that team members conceptualize the problem and solution space—degrade the knowledge synthesis capabilities of teams. We show that rGaps degrade team processes and thus have a unique effect on performance above and beyond mere differences in cognition. In two laboratory studies, we find that representational gaps hurt verbal and nonverbal communication and increased relationship conflict. Relationship conflict, in turn, mediated the negative relationship between rGaps and performance. We discuss possible interventions when rGaps are present.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/10596011241241093?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/10783903241243092/) Social Support Is Protective Against the Effects of Discrimination on Parental Mental Health Outcomes
May 24th 2024, 12:56

Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, Ahead of Print. BACKGROUND:Discrimination, or unfair treatment based on individual characteristics such as gender, race, skin color, and or sexual orientation, is a pervasive social stressor that perpetuates health disparities by limiting social and economic opportunity and is associated with poor mental and physical health outcomes.AIMS:The purpose of the present study is to (1) examine the association between maternal experiences of discrimination and paternal experiences of discrimination; (2) explore how discrimination relates to parental (maternal and paternal) stress and depressive symptoms; and (3) examine whether social support exerts protective effects.METHODS:The sample was 2,510 mothers and 1,249 fathers from the Child Community Health Network study. Linear regression models were conducted to explore associations between maternal and paternal discrimination. In addition, mediation analyses were conducted to explore if social support functioned as a mediator between discrimination on parental stress and depressive symptoms.RESULTS:Most mothers (40.3%) and fathers (50.7%) identified race as the predominant reason for discrimination. Experiencing discrimination was significantly related to stress and depressive symptoms for both parents, and all forms of social support mediated these relationships. Our findings suggest that social support can act as a protective factor against the negative association between discrimination and both stress and depressive symptoms.CONCLUSIONS:These findings highlight the need to integrate social support into existing interventions and include fathers in mental health screenings in primary-care settings. Finally, we briefly describe the role of nurses and other allied health professionals in addressing discrimination in health care and health policy implications.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/10783903241243092?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/monographs-edited-collections/desistance-and-children-critical-reflections-from-theory-research-and-practice/) Desistance and Children: Critical Reflections from Theory, Research and Practice
May 24th 2024, 12:39

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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/grey-literature/understanding-health-disparities-uhd-series/) Understanding Health Disparities (UHD) Series
May 24th 2024, 12:32

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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/pro0000545/) Pilot randomized, crossover trial of prolonged exposure with and without the PE Coach mobile application: A mixed-methods study of patient-centered outcomes among veterans with PTSD.
May 24th 2024, 11:51

Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, Vol 55(2), Apr 2024, 118-128; doi:10.1037/pro0000545
Prolonged exposure (PE) Coach is a mobile application designed to support the tasks of PE psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, little is known about patient treatment preferences for the application nor its impact on clinically salient outcomes. Veterans with PTSD (N = 20) were randomly assigned to use PE Coach during three-session blocks of treatment (either Sessions 1–3 or 4–6). After Session 6, veterans were asked to choose whether they wanted to continue treatment with or without the app. Homework was monitored, and veterans were surveyed on their treatment experience following each three-session block. Qualitative interviews explored reasons for treatment preference. Thirteen of 14 veterans (92.8%) chose to finish treatment with PE Coach. Veterans reported improved clinical experiences during PE Coach use, including increased convenience completing homework tasks (Hedge’s g = 1.37) and higher treatment satisfaction (Hedge’s g = 0.63). PE Coach usability was highly rated. Adequate homework thresholds for maximizing clinical outcomes were achieved more frequently during use of PE Coach than without the app (69% vs. 50% for imaginal exposure; 88% vs. 65% for in vivo homework). Qualitative interviews highlighted ease of use and improved accessibility, privacy, and homework accountability. This pilot study suggests PE Coach may be some veterans’ preferred way to participate in PE and is a promising tool to enhance acceptability, accountability, and engagement in PTSD treatment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/10596011241246303/) Group Research: Why are we Throwing Away the Best of our Observations?
May 24th 2024, 11:48

Group &Organization Management, Ahead of Print. 
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/10596011241246303?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/adopting-a-nurse-led-model-of-care-to-advance-whole-person-health-and-health-equity-within-medicaid/) Adopting a nurse-led model of care to advance whole-person health and health equity within Medicaid
May 24th 2024, 11:44

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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/s12939-023-02088-x/) Group-based trajectory models of integrated vaccine delivery and equity in low- and middle-income countries
May 24th 2024, 11:27

Integrated vaccine delivery – the linkage of routine vaccination with provision of other essential health services – is a hallmark of robust primary care systems that has been linked to equitable improvements …
(https://equityhealthj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12939-023-02088-x) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/meta-analyses-systematic-reviews/acceptability-of-tele-mental-health-services-among-users-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis/) Acceptability of Tele-mental Health Services Among Users: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
May 24th 2024, 11:22

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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/podcasts/enhancing-corrections-spaces-and-cultures/) Enhancing Corrections Spaces and Cultures
May 24th 2024, 11:03

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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/grey-literature/dq240402d-eng-htm/) “Sandwiched” between multiple unpaid caregiving responsibilities
May 24th 2024, 10:48

Who provides unpaid care in Canada’s care economy? In 2022, 13.4 million Canadians aged 15 years and older (42%)—over two in five people in this age group—provided unpaid care in the previous 12 months to children younger than 15 years old or to youth aged 15 years and older and adults with a long-term condition or disability. Of these unpaid caregivers, 13% provided care to both of these care-dependent groups, meaning that 1.8 million Canadians older than 15 years were “sandwiched” between multiple care responsibilities. 
(https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/240402/dq240402d-eng.htm) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/7675299/) Shifting patterns and competing explanations for infectious disease priority in global health agenda setting arenas
May 24th 2024, 10:29

Abstract
The highly decentralized nature of global health governance presents significant challenges to conceptualizing and systematically measuring the agenda status of diseases, injuries, risks and other conditions contributing to the collective disease burden. An arenas model for global health agenda setting was recently proposed to help address these challenges. Further developing the model, this study aims to advance more robust inquiry into how and why priority levels may vary among the array of stakeholder arenas in which global health agenda setting occurs. We analyze order and the magnitude of changes in priority for eight infectious diseases in four arenas (international aid, scientific research, pharmaceutical industry and news media) over a period of more than two decades in relation to five propositions from scholarship. The diseases vary on burden and prominence in United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3 for health and well-being, including four with specific indicators for monitoring and evaluation (HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, hepatitis) and four without (dengue, diarrheal diseases, measles, meningitis). The order of priority did not consistently align with the disease burden or international development goals in any arena. Additionally, using new methods to measure the scale of annual change in resource allocations that are indicative of priority reveals volatility at the disease level in all arenas amidst broader patterns of stability. Insights around long-term patterns of priority within and among arenas are integral to strengthening analyses that aim to identify pivotal causal mechanisms, to clarify how arenas interact, and to measure the effects they produce.
(https://academic.oup.com/heapol/advance-article/doi/10.1093/heapol/czae035/7675299?rss=1) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/video/office-for-victims-of-crime-from-the-directors-desk-may-9-2024/) Office for Victims of Crime: From the Director’s Desk, May 9, 2024
May 24th 2024, 10:27

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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/guidelines-plus/services-programs-medicare-covers/) Services & programs Medicare covers
May 24th 2024, 10:10

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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/0739456x241242059/) Climate Change Adaptation Planning: Breaking Down Barriers through Comprehensive Educational Frameworks
May 24th 2024, 09:57

Journal of Planning Education and Research, Ahead of Print. The planning profession sits at the forefront of local climate adaptation action. Yet, novel challenges exist for coordinating and implementing comprehensive actions. Through key actor interviews, this qualitative study examines the role of planners in navigating these challenges. In order to understand how planners are being prepared for this role, attention to how climate adaptation features in required courses across accredited planning programs in Canada is included. This study finds that while planners excel at a range of key skills related to communication, in the context of climate adaptation, these strengths are constrained by a lack of technical knowledge.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0739456X241242059?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/news/when-bad-cops-become-private-security-guards/) When Bad Cops Become Private Security Guards
May 24th 2024, 09:47

Security guards face far less oversight than police and have lower licensing and training standards. There’s also growing evidence that failed cops with troubling histories of abuse — including excessive force — can easily find second careers in private security. About 30% of former police officers working as private security guards in Florida had been fired or faced complaints for serious “moral character violations” while they were officers, according to a recent academic study.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/funding/trauma-recovery-center-demonstration-project-grants-gov-deadline-june-24/) Trauma Recovery Center Demonstration Project (Grants.gov Deadline June 24)
May 24th 2024, 09:32

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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/rev0000452/) Probabilistic origins of compositional mental representations.
May 24th 2024, 08:58

Psychological Review, Vol 131(3), Apr 2024, 599-624; doi:10.1037/rev0000452
The representation of complex phenomena via combinations of simple discrete features is a hallmark of human cognition. But it is not clear exactly how (or whether) discrete features can effectively represent the complex probabilistic fabric of the environment. This article introduces information-theoretic tools for quantifying the fidelity and efficiency of a featural representation with respect to a probability model. In this framework, a feature or combination of features is “faithful” to the extent that knowing the value of the features reduces uncertainty about the true state of the world. In a single dimension, a discrete feature is faithful if the values of the feature correspond isomorphically to distinct classes in the probability model. But in multiple dimensions, the situation is more complicated: The fidelity of each feature depends on the direction in multidimensional feature space in which the feature is projected from the underlying distribution. More interestingly, distributions may be more effectively represented by combinations of projected features—that is, compositionality. For any given distribution, a variety of compositional forms (features and combination rules) are possible, which can be quite different from one another, entailing different degrees of fidelity, different numbers of features, and even different induced regularities. This article proposes three specific criteria for a compositional representation: fidelity, simplicity, and robustness. The information-theoretic framework introduces a new and potentially useful way to look at the problem of compositionality in human mental representation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/s12913-024-11065-1/) Psychometric properties of the experiences of maternity care scale among Iranian women
May 24th 2024, 08:43

Assessing women’s perceptions of the care they receive is crucial for evaluating the quality of maternity care. Women’s perceptions are influenced by the care received during pregnancy, labour and birth, and t…
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/00187267241245629/) Bad apples and sour grapes: How fruit and vegetable wholesalers’ fantasy mediates experienced stigma
May 24th 2024, 07:56

Human Relations, Ahead of Print. How do organisations that belong to a stigmatised industry manage negative perceptions? We contribute to answering this question by highlighting how organisational members turn external negative evaluations into positive self-idealisations. Our research offers a unique perspective on how stigmatised actors navigate their tarnished image, as well as how they remain attached to a group and its attributes despite its stigmatisation. The study reports findings from two French fruit and vegetable wholesalers, who are commonly perceived as thieves, bandits and unwanted intermediaries. We explain how organisational members were able to neutralise negative perceptions by mobilising and maintaining an idealised perception of their centrality. This structuring fantasy formed a powerful defence against stigmatised perceptions, transforming the stigma into self-idealisation that supported organisational stability. The organisations studied developed idealisation strategies based on members’ attachment to or distancing from nostalgic fantasies of the past. We suggest that awareness of the idealised construct that underpins a particular attachment to a stigmatised attribute may help organisations and their members free themselves from stigma.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/news/massachusetts-libraries-are-boosting-their-mission-with-new-hires-social-workers/) Massachusetts libraries are boosting their mission with new hires: Social workers
May 24th 2024, 07:17

Social services specialist Azajuah Johnston stands inside the Worcester Public Library… Johnston’s job involves meeting with patrons, listening to their needs and building trust with them.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/rev0000439/) Processing speed and executive attention as causes of intelligence.
May 24th 2024, 06:56

Psychological Review, Vol 131(3), Apr 2024, 664-694; doi:10.1037/rev0000439
Individual differences in processing speed and executive attention have both been proposed as explanations for individual differences in cognitive ability, particularly general and fluid intelligence (Engle et al., 1999; Kail & Salthouse, 1994). Both constructs have long intellectual histories in scientific psychology. This article attempts to describe the historical development of these constructs, particularly as they pertain to intelligence. It also aims to determine the degree to which speed and executive attention are theoretical competitors in explaining individual differences in intelligence. We suggest that attention is the more fundamental mechanism in explaining variation in human intelligence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/0739456x241247838/) Logistics and Urban Planning: A Review of Literature
May 24th 2024, 05:57

Journal of Planning Education and Research, Ahead of Print. While logistics has come to be understood as central to the functioning of global and urban economies, this field is often ignored by urban planners. This literature review presents a broad discussion of the links between the logistics industry and a series of urban planning concerns, including spatial reorganization, real estate markets, urban planning, labor, and urban governance. We develop a framework around the forces shaping the supply of, and demand for, land for logistics to engage with current conversations in urban studies on the production of urban spaces, as well as to assist urban and regional planners.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/7644462/) Sarcoidosis in first- and second-generation immigrants: a cohort study of all adults 18 years of age and older in Sweden
May 24th 2024, 05:18

Abstract
Background
There is a lack of studies on sarcoidosis among immigrants, which is of interest as there may be genetic and environmental characteristics affecting immigrants from certain countries. We aimed to study hazard ratios (HRs) of sarcoidosis in first- and second-generation immigrants, comparing them with native Swedes in the total adult Swedish population.
Methods
We conducted a nationwide study of individuals ≥18 y of age. Sarcoidosis was defined as at least two registered diagnoses in the National Patient Register between 1 January 1998 and 31 December 2018. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate HRs with 99% confidence intervals (CIs) of first registration of sarcoidosis in first- and second-generation immigrants compared with native Swedes. The Cox regression models were stratified by sex and adjusted for age, comorbidities and sociodemographic characteristics.
Results
In total, 6 175 251 were included in the first-generation study, with 12 617 cases of sarcoidosis, and 4 585 529 in the second-generation study, with 12 126 cases. The overall sarcoidosis risk was lower in foreign-born men (fully adjusted HR 0.63 [99% CI 0.57 to 0.69]) but not in foreign-born women (fully adjusted HR 0.98 [99% CI 0.90 to 1.06]). The overall risk was slightly lower in second-generation immigrants (HR 0.82 [99% CI 0.78 to 0.88]). Women from Asia exhibited a higher risk (HR 1.25 [99% CI 1.02 to 1.53)], while a potential trend was observed among women from Africa (HR 1.47 [99% CI 0.99 to 2.19]).
Conclusions
Sarcoidosis risk was lower in foreign-born men but not in women and also lower in second-generation immigrants.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/grey-literature/survey-results-on-the-formal-exclusion-of-care-experienced-children-and-young-people-in-scotland/) Survey results on the formal exclusion of care experienced children and young people in Scotland
May 24th 2024, 05:03

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Forwarded by:
Michael Reeder LCPC
Baltimore, MD

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