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Article Digests for Psychology & Social Work
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Wed May 15 13:00:25 PDT 2024
NYU Information for Practice Daily Digest (Unofficial)
(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s11135-023-01740-6/) Could vote buying be socially desirable? Exploratory analyses of a ‘failed’ list experiment
May 15th 2024, 11:51
Abstract
List experiments encourage survey respondents to report sensitive opinions they may prefer not to reveal. But, studies sometimes find that respondents admit more readily to sensitive opinions when asked directly. Often this over-reporting is viewed as a design failure, attributable to inattentiveness or other nonstrategic error. This paper conducts an exploratory analysis of such a ‘failed’ list experiment measuring vote buying in the 2019 Nigerian presidential election. We take this opportunity to explore our assumptions about vote buying. Although vote buying is illegal and stigmatized in many countries, a significant literature links such exchanges to patron-client networks that are imbued with trust, reciprocity and long-standing benefits, which might create incentives for individuals to claim having been offered to participate in vote buying. Submitting our data to a series of tests of design, we find that over-reporting is strategic: respondents intentionally reveal vote buying and it’s likely that those who reveal vote buying have in fact being offered to participate in vote buying. Considering reasons for over-reporting such as social desirability and network benefits, and the strategic nature of over-reporting, we suggest that “design failure” is not the only possible conclusion from unexpected list experiment results. With this paper we show that our theoretical assumptions about sensitivity bias affect the conclusions we can draw from a list experiment.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11135-023-01740-6) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s11135-023-01736-2/) An overview of mindfulness theories applied to tourism: systematic review update and bibliometric analysis
May 15th 2024, 11:51
Abstract
This paper presents a systematic review update regarding mindfulness theories applied to tourism, complemented with a bibliometric analysis. Scientific studies listed in the WOS, SCOPUS, PubMed and PsycInfo databases were analysed using PRISMA guidelines. Twenty-five studies were selected for review from 670 records identified. In recent years, mindfulness has proved to be a promising area of research in tourism, and the number of published studies is increasing. The findings reveal a positive association between mindfulness and tourism experiences, suggesting that tourists who adopt states of mindfulness during their travels benefit from increased pro-environmental behaviours, satisfaction levels, and memorable experiences, leading to destination loyalty. This study provides an in-depth overview of the literature, and helps redress the lack of bibliometric studies in this field. It also identifies common areas of current research interest, offers insights into commonly studied themes, and seeks to raise awareness about the relevance of the concept of mindfulness in tourist experiences and well-being by suggesting implications for research and tourism management.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11135-023-01736-2) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s00355-024-01516-3/) Dynamically rational judgment aggregation
May 15th 2024, 11:51
Abstract
Judgment-aggregation theory has always focused on the attainment of rational collective judgments. But so far, rationality has been understood in static terms: as coherence of judgments at a given time, defined as consistency, completeness, and/or deductive closure. This paper asks whether collective judgments can be dynamically rational, so that they change rationally in response to new information. Formally, a judgment aggregation rule is dynamically rational with respect to a given revision operator if, whenever all individuals revise their judgments in light of some information (a learnt proposition), then the new aggregate judgments are the old ones revised in light of this information, i.e., aggregation and revision commute. We prove an impossibility theorem: if the propositions on the agenda are non-trivially connected, no judgment aggregation rule with standard properties is dynamically rational with respect to any revision operator satisfying some basic conditions. Our theorem is the dynamic-rationality counterpart of some well-known impossibility theorems for static rationality. We also explore how dynamic rationality might be achieved by relaxing some of the conditions on the aggregation rule and/or the revision operator. Notably, premise-based aggregation rules are dynamically rational with respect to so-called premise-based revision operators.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00355-024-01516-3) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s00355-024-01526-1/) Private provision of public goods under price uncertainty: a comment
May 15th 2024, 11:51
Abstract
We revise a result positing that there is a positive relationship between contributions and welfare in a public good provision game under price uncertainty (Gradstein et al. Soc Choice Welf 10(4):371–382, 1993). The authors state in Proposition 3 that welfare decreases when price uncertainty induces a reduction in private contributions. By contrast, we show that, under certain conditions, a reduction in contributions can be associated with an improvement in consumer welfare. This result is important because public policy regarding the provision of public goods is often based on indicators such as citizen participation, which, as this note shows, may constitute a misleading signal.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00355-024-01526-1) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s00355-024-01524-3/) Fair group decisions via non-deterministic proportional consensus
May 15th 2024, 11:50
Abstract
Are there group decision methods which (i) give everyone, including minorities, an equal share of effective decision power even when voters act strategically, (ii) promote consensus and equality, rather than polarization and inequality, and (iii) do not favour the status quo or rely too much on chance? We describe two non-deterministic group decision methods that meet these criteria, one based on automatic bargaining over lotteries, the other on conditional commitments to approve compromise options. Using theoretical analysis, agent-based simulations and a behavioral experiment, we show that these methods prevent majorities from consistently suppressing minorities, which can happen in deterministic methods, and keeps proponents of the status quo from blocking decisions, as in other consensus-based approaches. Our simulations show that these methods achieve aggregate welfare comparable to common voting methods, while employing chance judiciously, and that the welfare costs of fairness and consensus are small compared to the inequality costs of majoritarianism. In an incentivized experiment with naive participants, we find that a sizable fraction of participants prefers to use a non-deterministic voting method over Plurality Voting to allocate monetary resources. However, this depends critically on their position within the group. Those in the majority show a strong preference for majoritarian voting methods.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00355-024-01524-3) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s00355-024-01525-2/) Euclidean preferences in the plane under $$varvec{ell _1},$$ $$varvec{ell _2}$$ and $$varvec{ell _infty }$$ norms
May 15th 2024, 11:50
Abstract
We present various results about Euclidean preferences in the plane under
(ell _1,)
(ell _2)
and
(ell _{infty })
norms. When there are four candidates, we show that the maximum size (in terms of the number of pairwise distinct preferences) of Euclidean preference profiles in
({mathbb {R}}^2)
under norm
(ell _1)
or
(ell _{infty })
is 19. Whatever the number of candidates, we prove that at most four distinct candidates can be ranked in the last position of a two-dimensional Euclidean preference profile under norm
(ell _1)
or
(ell _infty ,)
which generalizes the case of one-dimensional Euclidean preferences (for which it is well known that at most two candidates can be ranked last). We generalize this result to
(2^d)
(resp. 2d) for
(ell _1)
(resp.
(ell _infty )
) for d-dimensional Euclidean preferences. We also establish that the maximum size of a two-dimensional Euclidean preference profile on m candidates under norm
(ell _1)
is in
(varTheta (m^4),)
which is the same order of magnitude as the known maximum size under norm
(ell _2.)
Finally, we provide a new proof that two-dimensional Euclidean preference profiles under norm
(ell _2)
for four candidates can be characterized by three inclusion-maximal two-dimensional Euclidean profiles. This proof is a simpler alternative to that proposed by Kamiya et al. (Adv Appl Math 47(2):379–400, 2011).
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00355-024-01525-2) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s41134-024-00309-z/) The Impact of Islamophobia on the Persecution of Myanmar’s Rohingya: A Human Rights Perspective
May 15th 2024, 11:50
Abstract
The concept of Islamophobia and the persecution of the Rohingya minority—these two phenomena are highly significant in the world context. These factors have affected systematic violence and statelessness for many years by the Myanmar Buddhist majority and the Myanmar government itself. The Rohingya community has a significant connection with several factors, including political, economic, national, and religious relations. This paper is dependent on a qualitative research methodology using secondary data was used. Myanmar is a non-secular, Buddhist-dominated country where the Buddhist majority holds a perception of Islam to justify their violence towards this community and to ensure Buddhist domination. This paper will shed some light on the argument, and discusses the extent to which Islamophobia is significant behind violations of human rights in the Rohingya community.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41134-024-00309-z) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s41134-024-00308-0/) Asylum seekers, Refugees and Social Safety Nets: Opportunities and Challenges at Tongogara Refugee Camp, Chipinge, Zimbabwe
May 15th 2024, 11:50
Abstract
The study examines the experiences of asylum seekers and refugees in accessing social safety nets at Tongogara Refugee Camp (TRC). A qualitative literature review complemented by six key-informant interviews generated data for the article. The study used a social development approach to understand and analyse the existing opportunities and challenges for asylum seekers and refugees at Tongogara Refugee Camp. Research findings suggest that there are a number of social safety nets for refugees and asylum seekers at Tongogara Refugee Camp. Some of them include school fee waivers, free medical care, cash transfers, rotational schemes and financial remittances among others. However, several challenges affect the provision of the social safety nets among asylum seekers and refugees. Some of them include the welfare approach to social protection programs, lack of access to banking facilities, lack of weaning approaches from the social assistance programs, and inadequate funding to cater for all refugee needs. The study concludes that the social safety nets for refugees and asylum seekers at Tongogara Refugee Camp are not of a developmental nature. The duty bearers should embrace the social development approach in the provision of social safety nets for refugees and asylum seekers at TRC.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41134-024-00308-0) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s41134-024-00295-2/) Assessing the Factors That Affect the Use of Modern Contraceptive Methods Among Youth and Adolescents in Traditional Authority Chimwala, Mangochi District
May 15th 2024, 11:50
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increasing recognition of the significance of sexual and reproductive health, particularly among youth and adolescents in Malawi, a developing country. Traditional Authority (T/A) Chimwala, a rural region in Mangochi District, faces unique challenges in sexual and reproductive health for its youth. Early marriages, gender disparities, cultural norms, and limited education on reproductive health contribute to the complex landscape of adolescent health in this area. This study aimed to assess factors influencing modern contraceptive utilization among youth and adolescents in T/A Chiwaula, Mangochi. It adopted a descriptive cross-sectional research design and collected data through questionnaires from 30 adolescents. The study identified cultural and religious beliefs, social stigma, fear of side effects, and lack of knowledge as significant barriers to modern contraceptive use. Among those with knowledge of modern contraceptives, condoms were the most commonly known method, followed by combined oral pills, implants, and injections. While 97% of the respondents reported awareness of contraception, efforts are needed to reach the remaining 3% with limited knowledge. The study highlights the importance of targeted sexual and reproductive health education campaigns to empower adolescents to make informed choices. Integrating such education into the curriculum can play a vital role in promoting modern contraceptive utilization, reducing unintended pregnancies, and improving the overall well-being of adolescents in T/A Chimwala. To address the low level of knowledge on modern contraception, it is recommended that the Ministry of Education collaborates with the Ministry of Health to develop age-specific sexual and reproductive health information for adolescents. Empowering young individuals with accurate information and access to modern contraceptives can contribute to responsible decision-making and the development of the community.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41134-024-00295-2) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s41134-024-00307-1/) COVID-19 and Healthcare as a Human Right in Bangladesh: The Way Forward
May 15th 2024, 11:50
Abstract
The human right to health in Bangladesh has recently encountered unprecedented challenges owing to the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper examines four of such challenges related to the right to health such as (1) adoption of preventive measures, (2) access to health care, (3) healthcare workers’ safety, and (4) health-related rights amidst social distancing. It argues that Bangladesh has largely failed to combat these challenges for several reasons including the lackluster social work practices, which violated the right to health to its citizens secured under the international and national human rights obligations of Bangladesh. The article also reflects on how the negation of healthcare as a human right could have profound implications for social work practices during a health emergency. Starting with a focus on the transformation of the right to health from international to national level and the obligation of Bangladesh towards it, this paper explores these challenges through a viewpoint methodology. It concludes with some recommendations to overcome these challenges, which can be helpful to secure the human right to health in Bangladesh should a parallel situation emerge in the future.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41134-024-00307-1) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s40732-024-00597-x/) Immediate Reinforcement Training Has Moderate Effect on Delay Discounting Behavior in Rats: A Systematic Replication
May 15th 2024, 11:50
Abstract
Previous research has shown that extended exposure to delayed reinforcement results in less impulsive choice in a subsequent delay-discounting task. Some work also suggests the opposite effect: extended exposure to immediate reinforcement may result in more impulsive choice behavior in a subsequent delay-discounting task. Understanding the impact that learning histories have on impulsive choice is important and clinically relevant because of the relationship between a strong preference for smaller-sooner over larger-later reinforcement (i.e., impulsive choice) and a myriad of other problematic health behaviors, such as substance misuse. In the present experiment, we exposed 24 rats to an immediate reinforcement intervention and 24 rats to a maturation/handle control group, followed immediately by a delay-discounting task. The procedure was designed as a systematic replication that accounted for several limitations from recent similar work. Results indicated that exposure to immediate reinforcement modestly increased impulsive choice in the delay-discounting task, but the effect was not overwhelming. These findings are consistent with previous work and have implications for understanding how experience-based interventions may affect clinically relevant impulsive choice.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40732-024-00597-x) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s40732-024-00592-2/) Selection of Words in Ontogeny
May 15th 2024, 11:49
Abstract
This article suggests a framework for integrating a conceptual and an empirical approach to understanding human speech. Verbal activities may be understood as a result of conjoint phylogenetic and ontogenetic selection processes. The present article situates an experimental procedure investigating verbal activities as a function of ontogenetic events in the larger context of Darwinian selection. In this experimental procedure, the experimenter uttered “hmm” and “yes” contingently and contiguously on a participant’s mentioning of predefined words. To test if the experimenter’s verbal activity modified the participant’s rate of those words, 63 Norwegian participants reported individually on video recordings. Resembling the results of previous studies, cumulative relative frequency distributions of target word rates showed that three of four target words occurred at a higher rate when the experimenter uttered “hmm” and “yes” during a participant’s report than when she was silent. Methodological challenges of investigating the selection of verbal activities by their contingencies with Phylogenetically Important Events are discussed.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40732-024-00592-2) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s40732-024-00596-y/) From the Jones-Plug to the Amphora: Could Stemmer´s Theory of Language Acquisition Complement Skinner´s Theory of Listener Behavior?
May 15th 2024, 11:49
Abstract
Stemmer’s theory of language acquisition is an empiricist account of listener behavior learning based on ostensive processes similar to Pavlovian conditioning procedures. Even though it is not a strictly radical behaviorist theory, its formulation at the level of relations between stimuli and overt performance makes it suitable as a candidate to interpret recent experimental findings that use stimulus pairing procedures to investigate the learning of listener behavior. Stemmer describes stages that range from learning the meanings of words and complex sentences to processes that may be involved in learning new word meanings through their relations with other known words within verbal stimuli. Empirical evidences and limitations of the theory are described, and the case is made that this theory could be the source of a productive research program towards expanding behavior analytic accounts of listener behavior.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40732-024-00596-y) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s40732-024-00595-z/) Assessing the Psychometric Properties of the Functional Analytic Psychotherapy Intimacy Scale (FAPIS) in a Spanish-Speaking Population
May 15th 2024, 11:49
Abstract
Intimacy is an interpersonal repertoire related to physical and behavioral health indicators. Functional analytic psychotherapy (FAP) is a behavioral intervention that has demonstrated utility in improving intimacy repertoires, particularly in experimental single-case designs. The FAP Intimacy Scale (FAPIS) was developed with the aim of using a theoretically sound measure to evaluate FAP effects on a large scale. This study sought to culturally adapt and validate the FAPIS for Spanish-speaking populations. A total sample of 509 Spanish-speaking participants completed the survey. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to examine FAPIS psychometric properties. A network analysis was also performed to assess the relation among scale factors. As expected, the FAPIS Spanish version demonstrated a good fit, meeting the same three-factor structure as the original version. Network loading along three factors was also found, and item 3 was identified as the most central item in the scale. Low and negative correlations among FAPIS, experiential avoidance, emotional sensitivity, and social impact were found. Findings showed that FAPIS is a valid and reliable measure for assessing intimacy in Spanish-speaking populations.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40732-024-00595-z) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s10896-024-00698-9/) Exploring the Link Between Relationship Cycling and Aggression in Challenging Romantic Relationships
May 15th 2024, 11:49
Abstract
Purpose
The current study aimed to explicate the link between relationship cycling (breaking up and renewing) and aggression. The goals were to: (1) assess if different types of aggression were more prevalent in cyclical as compared to non-cyclical relationships, and (2) determine how conflict management and relational dependence might explain the association between cycling and aggression.
Methods
Using CloudResearch.com, longitudinal data across four months from 177 individuals in challenging relationships were collected. Participants completed up to six surveys three weeks apart. Psychological and physical violence as well as coercive control were assessed as indicators of aggression; participants rated both their own and their partners’ aggression. Aggression, conflict, and relational dependence were collected at each timepoint in addition to the occurrence of breakups and renewals. Cyclical and non-cyclical categorizations were determined by the baseline data.
Results
Cyclical partners (as compared to non-cyclical) were more likely to experience unidirectional, severe violence and control and less likely to report no violence or control in their relationships. Analyses also showed that managing conflict ineffectively was associated with violence and control (particularly by participants’ partners), and participants’ relational dependence was associated with their own controlling behaviors towards their partners. In assessing relational transitions, aggression, conflict, and dependence all predicted breakups across four months; yet, only aggression predicted renewals.
Conclusion
Overall, findings suggest aggression leads to cycling (i.e., renewals). Additionally, more dynamic, interactive processes (e.g., conflict management) might explicate the link between aggression and relational transitions better than more stable relational qualities (e.g., relational dependence).
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10896-024-00698-9) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s10896-023-00547-1/) Correction to: Young Children’s Narrations of Relational Recovery: a School-Based Group for Children Who Have Experienced Domestic Violence
May 15th 2024, 11:49
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10896-023-00547-1) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s10896-023-00523-9/) Correction to: Immigrant Latinas’ Experiences with Intimate Partner Violence, Access to Services, and Support Systems During a Global Health Crisis (COVID-19)
May 15th 2024, 11:49
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10896-023-00523-9) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s10896-023-00548-0/) Correction to: “Give Me Some Space”: Exploring Youth to Parent Aggression and Violence
May 15th 2024, 11:49
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10896-023-00548-0) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s12124-022-09709-0/) Correction to: Theoretical and Empirical Foundations for a Unifed Pyramid of Human Motivation
May 15th 2024, 11:48
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12124-022-09709-0) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/jnp-12371/) Neural correlates of individual differences in moral identity and its positive moral function
May 15th 2024, 11:48
Abstract
Moral identity is an important moral variable which has positive moral functions, such as contributing to prosocial behaviours, reducing antisocial behaviours, and resisting the risk factors of antisocial behaviours. However, little is known about the neural correlates of moral identity and the neural basis of the effect of moral identity on the risk factors of antisocial behaviours, including moral disengagement. In this study, we explored these issues in 142 college students by estimating the regional homogeneity (ReHo) through resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The whole-brain correlation analyses found that higher internalized moral identity was correlated with higher ReHo in the precuneus. Furthermore, the ReHo in the precuneus was negatively correlated with moral disengagement, suggesting positive moral functions of the neural mechanisms of moral identity. These findings deepen our understanding of individual differences in moral identity and provide inspiration for the education of moral identity and the intervention for moral disengagement from the perspective of the brain.
(https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jnp.12371?af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s10566-023-09772-7/) Preliminary Findings of a Home Visiting Program on Stimulating Parenting and Child Vocabulary in a Sample of Economically-Disadvantaged Families
May 15th 2024, 11:48
Abstract
Background
Drawing on the family stress model (Conger and Donnellan in Ann Rev Psychol 58:175–199, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085551), parenting programs typically support caregivers’ nurturing and cognitively stimulating practices to mitigate the effects of poverty on child development, with small-to-moderate intervention effect sizes.
Objective
This study evaluated a nonrandomized parenting program in Turkiye for low-income pregnant women and mothers of infants. The program utilized home visiting (HV) implemented by local municipalities for the first time. It was hypothesized that program mothers would engage in cognitively-stimulating practices more often at child age 9 months, and thereby expand their child’s vocabulary at 18 months of age. Subgroup analyses based on maternal depression were also conducted.
Methods
Using a quasi-experimental design, 526 mothers were allocated to one of two groups: HV intervention (n = 282, 77% pregnant) vs. control (n = 244, 69% pregnant). Mothers completed questionnaires on family and environmental risk at enrollment (T1), on depression and stimulating parenting at infant age 9 months (T2), and child vocabulary at 18 months (T3).
Results
HV mothers reported stimulating parenting more frequently than controls at T2. Enrollment in HV predicted larger child vocabulary at T3 through stimulating parenting at T2. Subgroup differences were not detected.
Conclusions
Results suggested that HV is a promising strategy to offer parent coaching to economically disadvantaged Turkish families. Though the present study made statistical adjustments to minimize group nonequivalence in baseline, selection bias might pose a threat to internal validity. A randomized controlled trial is warranted to examine its impact more rigorously prior to wider scale implementation.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10566-023-09772-7) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/job-2795/) Initial development of perceptions of ability and intent factors of (un)trustworthiness in short‐term teams
May 15th 2024, 11:48
Summary
Individual perceptions of team trustworthiness are critical antecedents to the development of relationships within teams. Yet, clarity is needed regarding the focus of these individual perceptions and how they change, particularly at the outset of team interactions. Two distinct research streams have emerged regarding trustworthiness. One proposes a difference between perceived ability and intent, whereas the other proposes a difference between confident positive and negative expectations of others. Regardless of their structure, theory suggests that perceptions of team trustworthiness ought to develop across performance episodes as individuals identify more with their team and have more information about how they are performing. We explore these relationships across three distinct performance episodes in newly formed short-term teams. Our results support a four-factor model of trustworthiness within the context of short-term, lab-based teams. Further, perceptions regarding teammates’ abilities tended to change quickly and curvilinearly while those regarding teammates’ intents changed linearly. Positive team performance signals bolstered individual perceptions of team trustworthiness in ability and intent but not perceived team untrustworthiness. Negative team performance signals bolstered individual perceptions of team untrustworthiness in ability and intent while harming both types of individual perceptions of team trustworthiness. This study supports propositions from the model of trust over time and lays the groundwork for a comprehensive approach toward trust research within teams.
(https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/job.2795?af=R) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/job-2795/) Initial development of perceptions of ability and intent factors of (un)trustworthiness in short‐term teams was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.
(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s10566-023-09768-3/) Crianza Positiva: Combining Group Workshops and E-Messages to Strengthen Parenting Competences
May 15th 2024, 11:48
Abstract
Background
Despite evidence on their short-term effectiveness, the long-term effects of group-based parenting interventions are unclear, programs are hard to scale up, and effects on parents of infants and toddlers are mixed.
Objective
We evaluate the impact of a parenting intervention, Crianza Positiva, that combines 8 group sessions with a 6 months e-messaging component. The program targets parents of infants and toddlers, is designed to be scalable by using low-cost delivery formats and a structured framework, and relies on a “top up” module to sustain the effects.
Methods
We analyze video-recordings of a free play activity to rate the quality of child-caregiver interaction. We compare outcomes across three arms: (a) workshop + messages, (b) workshop only, and (c) a weekly unstructured playgroup. Because assignment to treatment is not random, we use inverse probability weighting to address initial unbalances and differential attrition. Our sample includes 442 disadvantaged families with infants/toddlers enrolled in early childhood centers in Uruguay.
Results
Results show significant and sustained benefits of the program on child-caregiver interaction quality, with medium effect sizes in the affective (d = 0.44) and teaching dimensions (d = 0.59).
Conclusions
The data suggest that group parenting interventions may help improve the childrearing environment among parents of children aged 0–2. Due to its protocolized design and the low cost of integrating it into early-childhood centers, the program has a potential for widespread implementation. Still, definitive conclusions are precluded by the evaluation design. Future randomized designs are needed.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10566-023-09768-3) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/jopy-12938/) Alone but flowing: The effects of autotelic personality and extraversion on solitary flow
May 15th 2024, 11:48
Abstract
Objective/Background
Flow, a psychological state of intense engagement in and enjoyment of an activity, can arise during both solitary and socially interactive experiences. In the literature, whereas people high in extraversion have difficulty achieving flow in solitude, those with an autotelic personality—a combination of traits that make people prone to flow—readily experience flow in both solitary and interactive conditions. In this pre-registered experiment, we investigated whether autotelic personality mitigates the negative association between solitary flow and extraversion.
Method
Participants and their romantic partners (final N = 368) played the game Perfection in three conditions (order was counterbalanced): alone (solitary condition), in the presence of their partner without interaction (mere-presence condition), and collaboratively (interactive condition).
Results
There were independent, positive main effects of extraversion and autotelic personality on flow experience in mere-presence and interactive conditions. However, the positive effect of extraversion on solitary flow was only significant among participants with high (vs. low) autotelic personality. In all conditions, flow experience was associated with greater low-arousal positive affect and lesser high-arousal negative affect.
Conclusions
The findings shed light on the role of personality in promoting solitary flow experiences, and particularly how traits might interact to determine optimal and non-optimal conditions for achieving flow.
(https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jopy.12938?af=R) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/jopy-12938/) Alone but flowing: The effects of autotelic personality and extraversion on solitary flow was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.
(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s10566-023-09770-9/) Quality of Life of Parents Seeking Mental Health Services for Their Adolescent’s Social Anxiety: Psychometric Properties of the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form
May 15th 2024, 11:48
Abstract
Background
The Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF) is a well-established, clinically feasible measure of quality of life concerns when assessing relatively severe clinical populations of adult patients. To what degree might the Q-LES-Q-SF facilitate identifying quality of life concerns among parents of adolescents receiving outpatient services for psychosocial concerns for which parents are often involved in service delivery, such as social anxiety?
Objective
We tested the Q-LES-Q-SF in a mixed-clinical/community sample of adolescents receiving a social anxiety evaluation and their parents.
Method
We examined 134 adolescents aged 14–15 years old and their parents. Parents completed self-reports on the Q-LES-Q-SF as well as self-reports on several domains relevant to understanding their mental health. Further, parents completed reports about adolescent and family functioning known to contribute to psychosocial impairments linked to adolescent social anxiety.
Results
We observed strong internal consistency estimates for the Q-LES-Q-SF. Scores taken from the Q-LES-Q-SF demonstrated significant links with survey measures designed to assess various domains of adolescent, parent, and family psychosocial functioning. Further, scores taken from the Q-LES-Q-SF uniquely related to measures of both adolescent and parent social anxiety.
Conclusions
The findings support use of a short, clinically feasible measure (Q-LES-Q-SF) to assess quality of life among parents seeking mental health services for their adolescents. As such, the study informs future work that tests the ability of the Q-LES-Q-SF to screen for or identify parents whose quality of life may impact their involvement in the delivery of anxiety-related services to their adolescent.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10566-023-09770-9) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s10566-023-09770-9/) Quality of Life of Parents Seeking Mental Health Services for Their Adolescent’s Social Anxiety: Psychometric Properties of the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.
(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/1471-3802-12683/) Dyslexia concealment in higher education: Exploring students’ disclosure decisions in the face of UK universities’ approach to dyslexia
May 15th 2024, 11:48
Abstract
This paper explores the lived experience of university students with dyslexia, focusing on identity and self-esteem. The qualitative study used semi-structured interviews with five students with dyslexia and discussions with learning support tutors at four UK universities. Thematic analysis of the interview data revealed the impact of dyslexia’s stigma on students’ academic self-concept and self-efficacy in their studies, including how students manage stigma through decisions on when and with whom to declare dyslexia: some even rejected study support. Concealing dyslexia led to identity conflict and low self-esteem, compounding students’ already low academic self-concept, particularly when dyslexia had been unrecognised through school. The study highlights significant academic, practical and identity consequences for students who hide dyslexia from their peers, subject lecturers or study support. The conclusions outline priorities to lessen dyslexia’s stigma at university, increase student agency in their support and open dialogue on dyslexia, particularly important between students with dyslexia and subject lecturers. By exploring dyslexia’s identity impacts and disclosure, this paper contributes to wider conversations on increasing the representation, achievement and retention of students with dyslexia.
(https://nasenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1471-3802.12683?af=R) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/1471-3802-12683/) Dyslexia concealment in higher education: Exploring students’ disclosure decisions in the face of UK universities’ approach to dyslexia was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.
(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s10566-023-09766-5/) Helping Youth in Foster Care Develop Life Skills: Perspectives from Caregivers, Child Welfare Professionals, and Agency Representatives
May 15th 2024, 11:48
Abstract
Background
Life skills development among youth in foster care is critical in helping them overcome the barriers they face when leaving care. While foster care agencies, child welfare professionals, and caregivers play important roles in life skills development, little research has examined the topic from their perspectives.
Objective
This study examined the barriers and supports Florida foster care agencies, child welfare professionals, and caregivers face related to life skills development of youth in foster care.
Methods
Foster care agency representatives (n = 11) completed interviews or questionnaires and identified agency-level challenges, agency-level supports, and caregiver-focused supports for life skills development. In surveys, child welfare professionals (n = 24) and caregivers (n = 23) identified the challenges and supports they experience, as well as additional supports they needed. Semi-structured interviews with three child welfare professionals and seven caregivers gathered in-depth information on the topics covered in the survey. Thematic analysis was employed to identify themes within the data.
Results
While a number of challenges (i.e., lack of youth-focused resources, staff turnover) emerged across all three groups, supports were more varied across and within groups. Notably, caregivers received minimal support from the foster care system in helping youth develop life skills. Despite this, caregivers and child welfare professionals mainly identified youth-focused resources and services as needed additional supports.
Conclusions
More training, support, and funding are required to address the challenges identified in this study. Broader child welfare issues, such as staff retention and turnover, must also be addressed to support the youths’ development of independent living skills.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10566-023-09766-5) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s10566-023-09766-5/) Helping Youth in Foster Care Develop Life Skills: Perspectives from Caregivers, Child Welfare Professionals, and Agency Representatives was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.
(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/jeab-915/) Comparing stimulus preference and response force in a conjugate preparation: A replication with auditory stimulation
May 15th 2024, 11:48
Abstract
This study examined a conjugate approach for evaluating auditory stimulus preference for 81 participants using force as a continuous response dimension. First, the researchers used a verbal preference assessment to evaluate each participant’s preference for listening to five genres of music. This process identified high-preference and low-preference music for each participant. Thereafter, the researchers exposed each participant to the five music genres in a randomized order while using a hand dynamometer to measure their response force to increase the auditory clarity of the music. The results indicate (a) 63% of the participants’ high-preference music genres corresponded to the genre for which they exerted the highest mean force and (b) most participants’ low-preference music genres corresponded to the genre for which they exerted the lowest mean force. These findings are consistent with those from Davis et al. (2021) and further support using conjugate preparations for measuring the relative value of some stimulus events.
(https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jeab.915?af=R) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/jeab-915/) Comparing stimulus preference and response force in a conjugate preparation: A replication with auditory stimulation was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.
(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s10826-024-02837-8/) Nature of child abuse in war-torn districts in Ethiopia: the case of Amhara Region, Chenna and Maikadra
May 15th 2024, 11:48
Abstract
Since 2019, the war in Ethiopia between the Federal Government and the Tigrean People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) has severely impacted civilians, including children. Although children have been affected in many of the war-torn regions of the country, the study targeted two specific locations, Maikadra and Chenna, in Amhara National Regional State, where civilians were massacred because of their ethnicity. The focus of the study was to understand the acute and complex child abuse that occurred in the midst of the war. A qualitative method with a descriptive case study design was employed to collect and analyze data. Twenty-four individuals were purposely selected and participated in the interviews. From Maikadra, the participants included seven children, two parents, two school principals, one eyewitness woman in the community, and one Kebele administrator. Similarly, from Chenna, five children, three parents, two school principals, and one Kebele administrator participated in the interviews. We applied in-depth interviews and systematic observation to gather primary data. Using social ecology as a theoretical framework, the result revealed that at the micro level, community members (particularly children) experienced witnessing killings, experience rape and verbal abuse, intimidation, and the destruction of the family unit. At the mezzo level, the study documented communities’ experiences related to displacement and the destruction of schools and community networks. Further, at the exo level, the study revealed experiences of hunger, starvation, and the emergence of child-headed families. Finally, at the macro community level, the study revealed loss of future aspirations and the development of negative attitudes toward cultural values. All these forms of child abuse, as reported by study participants, are crimes deliberately committed by the TPLF rebel groups. This study suggests multiple interventions at all levels are required.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10826-024-02837-8) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s10826-024-02837-8/) Nature of child abuse in war-torn districts in Ethiopia: the case of Amhara Region, Chenna and Maikadra was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.
(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/0966369x-2022-2155624/) Collective safety-making as empowerment in a women and girl safe space in Lebanon
May 15th 2024, 11:48
Volume 31, Issue 5, May 2024, Page 632-652.
(https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0966369X.2022.2155624?ai=2g1&mi=79r7c4&af=R) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/0966369x-2022-2155624/) Collective safety-making as empowerment in a women and girl safe space in Lebanon was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.
Forwarded by:
Michael Reeder LCPC
Baltimore, MD
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