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Mon May 13 13:00:21 PDT 2024

NYU Information for Practice Daily Digest (Unofficial)

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/news/social-workers-on-the-front-lines-reveal-dc-kids-numbness-to-crime-mental-health-issues/) Social workers on the front lines reveal DC kids’ numbness to crime, mental health issues
May 13th 2024, 15:02

Quinn Flowers has been a social worker for 17 years. Twelve of those, at Roosevelt High School in Northwest, D.C. 7News asked Flowers what types of challenges kids are grappling with.
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/news/social-workers-on-the-front-lines-reveal-dc-kids-numbness-to-crime-mental-health-issues/) Social workers on the front lines reveal DC kids’ numbness to crime, mental health issues was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/jaba-1074/) Improving undergraduate students’ email etiquette with computer‐based instruction
May 13th 2024, 14:33

Abstract
Email etiquette is an important skill, especially in professional settings. Research demonstrates that undergraduate students follow email rules when given written instructions plus an example. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of computer-based email instruction on undergraduate students’ email etiquette and to assess the social validity of that instruction. The email instruction package was delivered through an online learning management system and consisted of written instructions plus a model, a quiz, and quiz feedback. We measured email etiquette by scoring emails from course assignments using a checklist. The instruction package produced a replicated increase in mean email checklist scores across two sections of introductory psychology, and checklist scores were elevated when participants sent emails in a novel context. The results of the social-validity assessments suggest that the goals were important, the procedures were acceptable, and there were meaningful improvements in email etiquette for some participants.
(https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jaba.1074?af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/car-2867/) Trends in the Annual Incidence Rates of Child Sexual Abuse and Child Maltreatment over the Past 25 Years in the United States
May 13th 2024, 13:32

Abstract
Experiencing child sexual abuse is associated with increased risk for a range of short- and long-term negative effects. This short report defines and explores the annual incidence rates of child sexual abuse in the United States over 25 years between 1996 and 2021 (the most recent data released) and, comparatively, annual incidence rates of child maltreatment, more generally. A retrospective trend analysis of Child Maltreatment Reports, produced by the Department of Health and Human Services with data from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System, was conducted to compile and analyse rates of child sexual abuse and child maltreatment over time. In general, the rates of reported child maltreatment and child sexual abuse have declined, on average, since the 1990s. We, then, discuss these trends in connection with research documenting societal and family factors that may have contributed to these declines.
(https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/car.2867?af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/grey-literature/hud-funds-intended-for-low-income-areas-often-spent-in-wealthier-neighborhoods/) HUD funds intended for low-income areas often spent in wealthier neighborhoods
May 13th 2024, 12:48

The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/grey-literature/hud-funds-intended-for-low-income-areas-often-spent-in-wealthier-neighborhoods/) HUD funds intended for low-income areas often spent in wealthier neighborhoods was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/aphw-12540/) Moral obligation, autonomous motivation and vaccine hesitancy: Highlighting moral obligation increases reactance in hesitant individuals
May 13th 2024, 12:31

Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy is widespread, and developing effective communication strategies that encourage hesitant individuals to choose vaccination is essential. This pre-registered research aimed to examine associations among moral obligation, autonomous motivation, vaccination intentions and reactance, and to test messages highlighting moral obligation and autonomy support. In Study 1, participants who had not received a Covid-19 vaccine (N = 1036) completed measures of autonomous motivation, moral obligation, reactance, intentions to vaccinate and vaccine hesitancy. Autonomous motivation and moral obligation emerged as strong independent predictors of lower reactance, lower hesitancy and greater vaccination intentions. In Study 2 (N = 429), the participants received a vaccination-promoting message that highlighted moral obligation versus personal protection and used autonomy supportive versus controlling language. Messages with autonomy-supportive language and highlighting personal protection elicited lower reactance and greater perceived legitimacy compared to messages with controlling language and highlighting moral obligation. All messages elicited greater reactance and lower perceived legitimacy compared to an information-only message, and there were no effects of message type on vaccination intentions or vaccine hesitancy. The research has implications for the design of communications encouraging vaccination in hesitant individuals and suggests caution should be taken when developing messages to encourage vaccination in hesitant individuals.
(https://iaap-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aphw.12540?af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/s12939-023-02086-z/) Whoever wants better healthcare simply pays more: citizens’ perception about voluntary private health insurance in Colombia
May 13th 2024, 12:28

To explore the perceptions that Colombians have about voluntary private health insurance plans (VPHI) in the health system to identify the tensions that exist between the public and private systems.
(https://equityhealthj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12939-023-02086-z) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/monographs-edited-collections/whos-afraid-of-gender/) Who’s Afraid of Gender?
May 13th 2024, 12:28

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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/bjhp-12723/) The presence of attentional and interpretation biases in patients with severe MS‐related fatigue
May 13th 2024, 11:31

Abstract
Objective
Severe fatigue is a prevalent and disabling symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study tested if a fatigue- and physical activity-related attentional bias (AB) and a somatic interpretation bias (IB) are present in severely fatigued patients with MS. Biases were compared to healthy controls and patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS).
Method
Severely fatigued patients with MS or ME/CFS and healthy controls completed a Visual Probe Task (VPT) assessing fatigue- and physical activity-related AB and an IB task that assesses the tendency to interpret ambiguous information in either a somatically threatening way or in a more neutral manner. The VPT was completed by 38 MS patients, 44 ME/CFS patients, and 46 healthy controls; the IB task was completed by 156, 40 and 46 participants respectively.
Results
ANOVA showed no statistically significant group differences in a fatigue-related AB or physical activity-related AB (omnibus test of interaction between topic × condition: F
2,125 = 1.87; p = .159). Both patient groups showed a tendency to interpret ambiguous information in a somatically threatening way compared to healthy controls (F
1,2 = 27.61, p < .001). This IB was significantly stronger in MS patients compared to ME/CFS patients. IB was significantly correlated with cognitive responses to symptoms in MS patients.
Conclusion
MS patients tend to interpret ambiguous information in a somatically threatening way. This may feed into unhelpful ways of dealing with symptoms, possibly contributing to the perpetuation of severe fatigue in MS.
(https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bjhp.12723?af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/podcasts/assume-nothing-femicide-eight-steps-to-stop-a-murder-episode-4-trigger/) Assume Nothing Femicide: Eight Steps to Stop a Murder Episode 4: Trigger
May 13th 2024, 10:53

The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/podcasts/assume-nothing-femicide-eight-steps-to-stop-a-murder-episode-4-trigger/) Assume Nothing Femicide: Eight Steps to Stop a Murder Episode 4: Trigger was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/bjc-12465/) Exploring the roles of compassion and post‐traumatic stress disorder on global distress after sexual trauma
May 13th 2024, 10:31

Abstract
Objectives
Recovery from sexual trauma can be complex and multi-faceted. Most current psychological treatment protocols for trauma use a cognitive model of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, sexual trauma may include specific complexities beyond that of a cognitive model of PTSD, such as relational factors. The distress experienced after sexual abuse may involve variables not exclusive to a PTSD model. Compassion focused therapy (CFT) is an approach that incorporates evolutionary, relational and social perspectives. This study explored the relationships between variables associated with CFT, PTSD and distress in survivors of sexual abuse to determine the role of CFT-related variables.
Methods
155 adults who had experienced sexual abuse or any unwanted sexual experience at any point in their lives completed online questionnaires pertaining to various CFT variables (self-compassion, receiving compassion from others, having a fear of compassion from others, having a fear of compassion from the self, shame and self-criticism) and questionnaires measuring global distress as the outcome of sexual abuse and PTSD symptoms.
Results
An exploratory model involving CFT-related variables explained significantly more of the variance (4.4%) in global distress than PTSD symptomology alone. Self-criticism was found to be the variable with significant contribution.
Conclusions
That CFT treatments, targeting self-criticism, should be developed alongside the standard cognitive model of PTSD based treatments for survivors of sexual abuse was supported. Future research may explore experimental designs utilizing CFT in this population, as well as further investigations on the roles of these specific CFT variables.
(https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bjc.12465?af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/meta-analyses-systematic-reviews/assessing-fragility-of-statistically-significant-findings-from-randomized-controlled-trials-assessing-pharmacological-therapies-for-opioid-use-disorders-a-systematic-review/) Assessing fragility of statistically significant findings from randomized controlled trials assessing pharmacological therapies for opioid use disorders: a systematic review
May 13th 2024, 10:28

The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/meta-analyses-systematic-reviews/assessing-fragility-of-statistically-significant-findings-from-randomized-controlled-trials-assessing-pharmacological-therapies-for-opioid-use-disorders-a-systematic-review/) Assessing fragility of statistically significant findings from randomized controlled trials assessing pharmacological therapies for opioid use disorders: a systematic review was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/guidelines-plus/s12961-024-01120-y/) Use of qualitative research in World Health Organisation guidelines: a document analysis
May 13th 2024, 10:23

Guidelines depend on effect estimates, usually derived from randomised controlled trials, to inform their decisions. Qualitative research evidence may improve decisions made but where in the process and the me…
(https://health-policy-systems.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12961-024-01120-y) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/video/reevaluating-social-work-alan-dettlaff-on-the-call-for-radical-change-and-the-nasws-role/) Reevaluating Social Work: Alan Dettlaff on the Call for Radical Change and the NASW’s Role
May 13th 2024, 10:21

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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/s13033-023-00619-1/) Prescriptive factors for intensive home treatment in acute psychiatry: a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial
May 13th 2024, 09:48

Intensive home treatment (IHT) aims to prevent psychiatric hospitalisation. Although this intervention is well tested, it is still unknown for whom this intervention works best. Therefore, this study aims to e…
(https://ijmhs.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13033-023-00619-1) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/symb-692/) Theme‐Driven Social Analysis: Three Approaches
May 13th 2024, 09:38

In this article, I present three strategies for building cultural and historical analyses that are driven by broadly relevant social themes rather than particular cases. Each of these strategies represents a different way to approach “concept-driven sociology,” focusing the researcher on robust and deep-seated social and cultural forces that underly and shape various actions, events, and experiences occurring at different times and places. Such a thematic analysis requires bringing together multiple cases that illustrate a common social phenomenon despite their substantive differences, while also highlighting those differences and interpreting each case to reinforce the analysis of the general theme at hand. After discussing the relevance of form, process, and culture to thematic analysis, I draw on previous and ongoing research to outline three strategies: (1) formal analytic abstraction, (2) the configuration of analytic subtypes from a master theme, and (3) transcendent historical analysis. While thematic analysis involves illustrating how several otherwise different cases cohere around a common theme, and thus highlighting important similarities among them, I conclude by discussing why we must also take deep analytic dives into the cases we study in order to enhance our understanding of the theme that ties them together.
(https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/symb.692?af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/09540121-2020-1842320/) Economic and clinical burdens and associated health disparities in HIV/AIDS management using big data: potentially inappropriate use and deprescribing of benzodiazepines
May 13th 2024, 08:44

Volume 36, Issue 5, May 2024, Page 604-611. 
(https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09540121.2020.1842320?af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/grey-literature/transforming-behavioral-health-care-delivery-in-states-critical-windows-of-opportunity-2/) Transforming Behavioral Health Care Delivery in States: Critical Windows of Opportunity
May 13th 2024, 08:38

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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/01639625-2023-2252556/) Subgroups of Persistent Juvenile Offenders: Latent Class Analysis of Repeated Juvenile Assessment Center Entries
May 13th 2024, 08:26

Volume 45, Issue 4, April 2024, Page 457-470. 
(https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01639625.2023.2252556?ai=184&mi=79r7c4&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/07421656-2023-2199110/) Minimizing Risk From Workplace Violence in Creative Arts Therapy
May 13th 2024, 07:27

Volume 41, Issue 1, 2024, Page 4-10. 
(https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07421656.2023.2199110?ai=31g&mi=3icuj5&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/funding/national-institute-for-health-and-care-research-professional-committee-positions-join-one-of-our-committees-and-help-shape-our-research-funding-decisions-closing-date-22-may/) National Institute for Health and Care Research – Professional committee positions (Join one of our committees and help shape our research funding decisions) (Closing date: 22 May)
May 13th 2024, 07:13

The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/funding/national-institute-for-health-and-care-research-professional-committee-positions-join-one-of-our-committees-and-help-shape-our-research-funding-decisions-closing-date-22-may/) National Institute for Health and Care Research – Professional committee positions (Join one of our committees and help shape our research funding decisions) (Closing date: 22 May) was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/news/professors-worry-about-digital-surveillance-of-their-work/) Professors Worry About ‘Digital Surveillance’ of Their Work
May 13th 2024, 06:56

The poll of more than 2,000 scholars conducted for the University and College Union (UCU), which represents 120,000 faculty and staff members in the U.K., highlights growing unease over the digital tools commonly used in academe, such as the virtual learning environments used to facilitate teaching, electronic systems to evaluate teaching performance and metrics-based systems such as SciVal that enable managers to scrutinize research publications and citations.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/s40359-024-01692-y/) The longitudinal relations between mental state talk and theory of mind
May 13th 2024, 06:24

Previous investigations of associations between children’s Theory of Mind (ToM) and parents’ use of words relating to mental states (or mental state talk; MST) have predominantly been performed using cross-sec…
(https://bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40359-024-01692-y) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/jasp-13023/) The effects of social (dis)engagement on status conferral: A context dependent account
May 13th 2024, 05:24

Abstract
The functionalist perspective of status suggests that, to attain status, individuals need to be socially engaging and contribute to a group. In contrast, the signaling perspective of status indicates that people often perceive a lack of social engagement as a status cue and thus confer status on someone who is socially disengaging. Integrating these two important perspectives in the status literature, we propose a context dependent account of social (dis)engagement and status conferral in groups and organizations. Whereas social engagement (e.g., contributing to a group and connecting with its members) results in status attainment in task contexts, social disengagement (e.g., withholding benefits from a group and distancing oneself from its members) leads to status attainment in social contexts. A laboratory study and an online experiment provide partial empirical support for our predictions. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
(https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jasp.13023?af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/s12981-024-00606-7/) Missed opportunities for HIV testing and sexual health-related challenges in an individual with intellectual disability: a case report
May 13th 2024, 05:23

HIV testing remains an important tool in identifying people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). An early diagnosis of HIV can lead to a prolonged life expectancy if treatment is initiated promptly. Indicator conditi…
(https://aidsrestherapy.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12981-024-00606-7) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/s12939-023-02055-6/) Reducing intervention- and research-induced inequalities to tackle the digital divide in health promotion
May 13th 2024, 05:06

Social inequalities are an important contributor to the global burden of disease within and between countries. Using digital technology in health promotion and healthcare is seen by some as a potential lever t…
(https://equityhealthj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12939-023-02055-6) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/grey-literature/eprs_bri2024762284/) Briefing – Teachers: Key to achieving the European education area
May 13th 2024, 04:43

Teachers play an essential role in providing high-quality education and making education a rewarding experience for all learners. This makes teachers key to achieving a true European education area (EEA) that offers improved access to quality education and lifelong learning for all. However, the current shortage of teachers is a widespread issue across the European Union (EU). Not only is the teaching workforce ageing but the profession has become less attractive owing to factors such as challenging working conditions and perceived low societal recognition. Teacher shortages are more acute in certain subjects, specialisations and geographic areas. There is also a significant gender disparity in the teaching profession at various educational levels across the EU. Against this backdrop, the 2023 Education and Training Monitor – the European Commission’s annual report on EU education and training systems – put a spotlight on the teaching profession, focusing in particular on teacher shortages across the Member States. The report noted that, while shortages are an increasing concern, reinforcing the teaching profession’s attractiveness requires a balanced policy approach to both teacher recruitment and teacher retention. While the organisation and content of education fall under the responsibility of the Member States, the EU is working on boosting the prestige of the teaching profession and has launched several initiatives to offer professional education and development opportunities to educators. Examples include providing EU-level guidance on various topics relating to the teaching profession, establishing the Erasmus+ teacher academies that create communities of practice, and promoting cross-border teacher mobility. Over the years, the European Parliament has expressed continued support for teachers and for making the teaching profession more attractive. In February 2024, it held a plenary debate on the working conditions of teachers in the EU, with the participation of the European Commissioner for Innovation, Research, Culture, Education and Youth.
Source : © European Union, 2024 – EP
(https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/EPRS_BRI(2024)762284) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/acps-13687/) Development and validation of a machine learning model for prediction of type 2 diabetes in patients with mental illness
May 13th 2024, 04:23

Abstract
Background
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is approximately twice as common among individuals with mental illness compared with the background population, but may be prevented by early intervention on lifestyle, diet, or pharmacologically. Such prevention relies on identification of those at elevated risk (prediction). The aim of this study was to develop and validate a machine learning model for prediction of T2D among patients with mental illness.
Methods
The study was based on routine clinical data from electronic health records from the psychiatric services of the Central Denmark Region. A total of 74,880 patients with 1.59 million psychiatric service contacts were included in the analyses. We created 1343 potential predictors from 51 source variables, covering patient-level information on demographics, diagnoses, pharmacological treatment, and laboratory results. T2D was operationalised as HbA1c ≥48 mmol/mol, fasting plasma glucose ≥7.0 mmol/mol, oral glucose tolerance test ≥11.1 mmol/mol or random plasma glucose ≥11.1 mmol/mol. Two machine learning models (XGBoost and regularised logistic regression) were trained to predict T2D based on 85% of the included contacts. The predictive performance of the best performing model was tested on the remaining 15% of the contacts.
Results
The XGBoost model detected patients at high risk 2.7 years before T2D, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.84. Of the 996 patients developing T2D in the test set, the model issued at least one positive prediction for 305 (31%).
Conclusion
A machine learning model can accurately predict development of T2D among patients with mental illness based on routine clinical data from electronic health records. A decision support system based on such a model may inform measures to prevent development of T2D in this high-risk population.
(https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/acps.13687?af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/ajad-13540/) Impact of inpatient addiction psychiatry consultation on opioid use disorder outcomes
May 13th 2024, 04:23

Abstract
Background and Objectives
Addiction consultation services provide access to specialty addiction care during general hospital admission. This study assessed opioid use disorder (OUD) outcomes associated with addiction consultation.
Methods
Retrospective cohort study of individuals with OUD admitted to an academic medical center between 2018 and 2023. The exposure was addiction consultation. Outcomes included initiating medication for OUD (MOUD), hospital length of stay, before-medically-advised (BMA) discharge, and 30- and 90-day postdischarge acute care utilization.
Results
Of 26,766 admissions (10,501 patients) with OUD, 2826 addiction consultations were completed. Consultation cohort was more likely to be young, male, and White than controls. Consultation was associated with greater MOUD initiation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 5.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.41–5.82), fewer emergency department visits at 30 (aOR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67–0.92) and 90 (aOR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.69–0.89) days, and fewer hospitalizations at 30 (aOR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.76) and 90 (aOR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.59–0.76) days. Additionally, consultation patients were more likely to have a longer hospital stay and leave BMA.
Conclusions and Scientific Significance
Addiction consultation was associated with increased MOUD initiation and reduced postdischarge acute care utilization. This is the largest study to date showing a significant association between addiction psychiatry consultation and improved OUD outcomes when compared to controls. The observed reduction in postdischarge acute care utilization remains even after adjusting for MOUD initiation. Disparities in access to addiction consultation warrant further study.
(https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ajad.13540?af=R) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/ajad-13540/) Impact of inpatient addiction psychiatry consultation on opioid use disorder outcomes was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/news/our-cities-are-widening-the-divide-between-the-well-off-and-the-rest-how-can-we-turn-this-damaging-trend-around/) Our cities are widening the divide between the well-off and the rest. How can we turn this damaging trend around?
May 13th 2024, 04:08

The “latte line” is the infamous, invisible boundary that divides Sydney between the more affluent north-east and the south-west. Historically, people north of the line enjoy better access to jobs and education, and can capitalise on rising property wealth. This has reinforced economic inequality. Despite our image as a classless society, similar spatial divides have long marked Australia’s other capital cities as well. 
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/news/our-cities-are-widening-the-divide-between-the-well-off-and-the-rest-how-can-we-turn-this-damaging-trend-around/) Our cities are widening the divide between the well-off and the rest. How can we turn this damaging trend around? was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/s12992-024-01032-0/) Trends in household out-of-pocket health expenditures and their underlying determinants: explaining variations within African regional economic communities from countries panel data
May 13th 2024, 03:23

The persistently high out-of-pocket health spending (OOPHE) in Africa raise significant concern about the prospect of reaching SDG health targets and UHC. The study examines the convergence hypothesis of OOPHE…
(https://globalizationandhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12992-024-01032-0) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/s12992-024-01032-0/) Trends in household out-of-pocket health expenditures and their underlying determinants: explaining variations within African regional economic communities from countries panel data was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

Forwarded by:
Michael Reeder LCPC
Baltimore, MD

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