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[Article Digests for Psychology & Social Work]

NYU Information for Practice Daily Digest (Unofficial)

 

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/news/drug-rehab-workers-seek-new-jobs/) Drug Rehab Workers Seek New Jobs
Jul 5th 2024, 15:43

Tuesday’s job fair came in the wake of Retreat’s corporate collapse over the past two weeks, with the sudden closure of its 80-bed in-patient addiction treatment center… on June 21 and its outpatient clinic… on June 24. Retreat also shuttered its Pennsylvania and Florida facilities at the same time, stopped paying hundreds of employees — including more than 160 full-time and part-time workers in New Haven — and discharged patients en masse. All of this came as two corporate executives died by suicide within five days of one another, and the company’s financial woes continued to mount.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/news/what-age-can-kids-stay-home-alone-in-arizona-what-parents-caregivers-need-to-know/) What age can kids stay home alone in Arizona? What parents, caregivers need to know
Jul 5th 2024, 15:27

There is no simple answer, said Dr. Judy Krysik, Associate Director for Academic Affairs at Arizona State University’s School of Social Work. The answer is “it depends,” although there is some agreement that age 12 is a reasonable starting point.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/jpm-13068/) Mental health nurses’ attitudes towards consumers with co‐existing mental health and drug and alcohol problems: Adescriptive study
Jul 5th 2024, 14:59

Accessible Summary

   What is known on the subject?

Dual diagnosis is one of the leading causes of disability globally.
There is limited evidence on mental health nurses’ attitudes towards consumers with dual diagnosis.

   What does the paper add to existing knowledge?

Mental health nurses have positive attitudes towards consumers with dual diagnosis.
A positive attitude at work is influenced by various factors, including feeling that one’s role is appropriate and legitimate. This also includes receiving support in that role, being motivated to work, having confidence in completing tasks and feeling satisfied with one’s job.

Abstract
Background
Dual diagnosis is a global health concern. This descriptive research assessed mental health nurses’ attitudes towards consumers with dual diagnosis in Australian mental health settings. The research question was: What is the attitude of mental health nurses towards consumers with co-existing mental health and drug and alcohol problems?
Materials and Methods
This cross-sectional survey included 103 mental health nurses who work with consumers with dual diagnosis. Participants were recruited from various mental health settings through convenience sampling. The Comorbidity Problems Perceptions Questionnaire was used to assess attitudes. Descriptive data and multiple regression analyses were conducted. We utilized the consensus-based checklist for reporting results of this study.
Results
Mental health nurses positively perceived consumers with dual diagnosis. Factors associated with a positive attitude were a higher level of work experience, feeling that one’s role is adequate, perceiving one’s role as legitimate, receiving increased support in one’s position, having high work motivation, possessing high task-specific self-esteem and experiencing higher levels of work satisfaction. Work experience predicted role adequacy. Position predicted role support. The work sector predicted role-related self-esteem.
Conclusions
As mental health nurses gain work experience; they develop positive attitudes that boost their self-esteem and sense of importance towards consumers with dual diagnosis. This constructive mindset also positively affects their work motivation and job satisfaction towards consumers with dual diagnosis. Conducting interventional studies is necessary to examine how clinical experiences, work environments, and job positions can impact attitudes, aiming to improve mental health nursing interventions towards consumers with dual diagnosis.
Implications to Practice
The study found that mental health nurses’ positive attitudes towards consumers with dual-diagnosis are influenced by their experience and knowledge. Moreover, mental health nurses who feel supported, motivated and confident in their roles are more likely to provide high-quality care to consumers with dual diagnosis. Mental health nurses could provide better care and support if they took a proactive approach and addressed the challenges associated with this consumer population. To be successful in their roles, mental health nurses require access to resources and support from healthcare organizations. As a result, their job satisfaction and attitudes towards consumers with dual diagnosis will be enhanced. In this way, consumers as well as healthcare organizations will benefit.
(https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jpm.13068?af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/famp-13005/) Long‐term effects of a preventive intervention on multiple components of adolescents’ emotional insecurity
Jul 5th 2024, 14:02

Abstract
A gap in research on family interventions is the understanding of long-term effects on hypothesized mechanisms of effect regarding children’s processes of responding to family stressors. This study assessed the long-term effects of an intervention designed to improve interparental and family conflict resolution on adolescents’ emotional insecurity about interparental conflict. Emotional insecurity about interparental conflict has long been linked with adolescents’ risk for adjustment problems. These findings have motivated the development of several family-based preventive interventions, one of which is the focus of this study. A community sample of 225 adolescents and their parents participated in an RCT-based study of an intervention designed to reduce adolescent’s emotional insecurity about interparental conflict. The intervention’s effect on patterns of change in adolescents’, mothers’, and fathers’ reports of the three components of adolescents’ emotional insecurity (emotional reactivity, behavioral dysregulation, and cognitive representations) from posttest through the 3-year follow-up were examined using multilevel modeling. Results suggested that the intervention predicted immediate (pre to posttest) and long-term linear decreases in emotional reactivity, as well as long-term quadratic change in behavioral dysregulation. These findings support the beneficial effects of a brief intervention on multiple components of emotional security. The results also underscore the importance of considering the potential of long-term (including nonlinear) patterns of change that may occur as a function of family-based interventions, as well as that the impact of family-based interventions may vary as a function of reporter and component of emotional insecurity.
(https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/famp.13005?af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/funding/uc-san-diego-receives-5-million-to-support-geriatrics-workforce-enhancement-program/) UC San Diego receives $5 million to support geriatrics workforce enhancement program
Jul 5th 2024, 13:28

The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/funding/uc-san-diego-receives-5-million-to-support-geriatrics-workforce-enhancement-program/) UC San Diego receives $5 million to support geriatrics workforce enhancement program was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/grey-literature/temporary-disability-insurance-prevents-some-early-retirements/) Temporary Disability Insurance Prevents Some Early Retirements
Jul 5th 2024, 12:12

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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/09075682241261169/) Adolescents’ narratives about parents’ separation processes and participation in mandatory family mediation: Exercising agency through managing privacy boundaries
Jul 5th 2024, 12:12

Childhood, Ahead of Print. Children’s participation in mandatory family mediation is an aspect of parents’ separation process in Norway. In this article, we aim to explore what adolescents emphasise in their narratives about their participation. Eleven adolescents aged between 12 and 17 participated in qualitative semi-structured interviews. Drawing on Communication Privacy Management theory, the results show that, during participation in mandatory family mediation, adolescents are provided with opportunities to exercise agency by managing privacy boundaries. Family mediators have the potential to assist adolescents during and after disclosures of private information.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/09075682241261169?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/ser0000780/) Firearm ownership and storage practices among United States firefighters and emergency medical services personnel.
Jul 5th 2024, 12:10

Psychological Services, Vol 21(2), May 2024, 206-213; doi:10.1037/ser0000780
Compared with the general U.S. population, firefighters (FF) and emergency medical services (EMS) workers (FF + EMS personnel) are at increased risk for firearm suicide. Although secure firearm storage is associated with reduced risk of firearm suicide, no study has examined the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of firearm ownership and storage practices among U.S. FF + EMS personnel. A total of 141 U.S. FF + EMS personnel completed a structured, web-based self-report questionnaire. Overall, 76.6% (n = 108) of FF + EMS personnel in our sample reported owning a personal firearm, among whom 85.2% (n = 92) reported owning more than one firearm. Among firearm owners, 42.6% (n = 46) reported secure firearm storage (i.e., unloaded and locked) and 57.4% (n = 62) reported nonsecure firearm storage (i.e., loaded and/or unlocked). FF + EMS personnel who cited personal safety as the only reason for firearm ownership, as opposed to reporting other or multiple reasons for ownership (e.g., hunting), were at increased odds of reporting nonsecure storage practices (69.4% vs. 47.5%; OR = 2.51, 95% CI [1.14, 5.55], p = .023). Most FF + EMS personnel in our sample reported firearm ownership, and approximately half of the firearm owners reported nonsecure firearm storage practices. Promoting secure firearm storage practices among FF + EMS personnel might decrease risk of firearm suicide and other forms of firearm-related injuries. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/bul0000428/) On the relationship between unprompted thought and affective well-being: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Jul 5th 2024, 12:09

Psychological Bulletin, Vol 150(5), May 2024, 621-641; doi:10.1037/bul0000428
There is a growing recognition that thoughts often arise independently of external demands. These thoughts can span from reminiscing your last vacation to contemplating career goals to fantasizing about meeting your favorite musician. Often referred to as mind wandering, such frequently occurring unprompted thoughts have widespread impact on our daily functions, with the dominant narrative converging on a negative relationship between unprompted thought and affective well-being. In this systematic review of 76 studies, we implemented a meta-analysis and qualitative review to elucidate if and when unprompted thought is indeed negatively associated with affective well-being in adults. Using a multilevel mixed-model approach on 386 effect sizes from 23,168 participants across 64 studies, our meta-analyses indicated an overall relationship between unprompted thought and worse affective well-being (r¯ = −.18, 95% CI [−.23, −.14]); however, the magnitude and direction of this relationship changed when considering specific aspects of the phenomenon (including thought content and intentionality) and methodological approaches (including questionnaires vs. experience sampling). The qualitative review further contextualizes this relationship by revealing the nuances of how and when unprompted thought is associated with affective well-being. Taken together, our meta-analysis and qualitative review indicate that the commonly reported relationship between unprompted thought and affective well-being is contingent upon the content and conceptualization of unprompted thought, as well as the methodological and analytic approaches implemented. Based on these findings, we propose emerging directions for future empirical and theoretical work that highlight the importance of accounting for when, how, and for whom unprompted thought is associated with affective well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/10534512241257435/) Integrated Multi-Tiered System of Support: Introduction to a Special Series of Intervention in School and Clinic
Jul 5th 2024, 12:08

Intervention in School and Clinic, Ahead of Print. This overview article introduces the Intervention in School and Clinic special series focused on implementing practices within an integrated multi-tiered system of support (I-MTSS) framework. The I-MTSS Research Network defines I-MTSS as “a comprehensive and equitable prevention framework for improving the outcomes of all students, including students with or at-risk for disabilities, through integrated academic and behavioral support.” In this special series, members of the I-MTSS Research Network Each descirbe a different component of I-MTSS: (a) integrating evidence-based practices in Tier 1, (b) integrating evidence-based practices in Tier 2, (c) integrating evidence-based practices in Tier 3, (d) providing professional development to support effective implementation, and (e) practical applications of I-MTSS in elementary settings. Across articles, demonstrate that integrating academic and behavior support within an I-MTSS framework can be feasible and effective with the right supports in place.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/10534512241257435?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/pas0001313/) Estimating classification consistency of machine learning models for screening measures.
Jul 5th 2024, 12:08

Psychological Assessment, Vol 36(6-7), Jun-Jul 2024, 395-406; doi:10.1037/pas0001313
This article illustrates novel quantitative methods to estimate classification consistency in machine learning models used for screening measures. Screening measures are used in psychology and medicine to classify individuals into diagnostic classifications. In addition to achieving high accuracy, it is ideal for the screening process to have high classification consistency, which means that respondents would be classified into the same group every time if the assessment was repeated. Although machine learning models are increasingly being used to predict a screening classification based on individual item responses, methods to describe the classification consistency of machine learning models have not yet been developed. This article addresses this gap by describing methods to estimate classification inconsistency in machine learning models arising from two different sources: sampling error during model fitting and measurement error in the item responses. These methods use data resampling techniques such as the bootstrap and Monte Carlo sampling. These methods are illustrated using three empirical examples predicting a health condition/diagnosis from item responses. R code is provided to facilitate the implementation of the methods. This article highlights the importance of considering classification consistency alongside accuracy when studying screening measures and provides the tools and guidance necessary for applied researchers to obtain classification consistency indices in their machine learning research on diagnostic assessments. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/10534512241255330/) Strategies to Build the Vocabulary and Background Knowledge of Students With Learning Disabilities
Jul 5th 2024, 12:08

Intervention in School and Clinic, Ahead of Print. Comprehending texts in content areas can be challenging for students with learning disabilities (LD) because they may lack the necessary background and vocabulary knowledge needed to construct meaning from text. As more students with LD are educated in the general education classroom, it is necessary for teachers to implement strategies to increase the vocabulary and background knowledge of their students. The purpose of this paper is to provide effective instructional strategies to build both background knowledge and vocabulary knowledge to increase comprehension of content area material.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/10534512241255330?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/pas0001318/) Validity and reliability of the Violence Risk Scale–Sexual Offense version in a community sexual offense outpatient setting.
Jul 5th 2024, 12:08

Psychological Assessment, Vol 36(6-7), Jun-Jul 2024, 407-424; doi:10.1037/pas0001318
The present study examined the convergent, structural, and predictive properties of Violence Risk Scale–Sexual Offense version (VRS-SO) scores in a sample of 200 men on community supervision for sexual offenses, attending forensic community outpatient services and followed up an average 8.6 years. The VRS-SO and two additional dynamic sexual recidivism risk measures—STABLE 2007 and Sex Offender Treatment Intervention and Progress Scale (SOTIPS)—were coded archivally from clinic files; Static-99R ratings were extracted. Recidivism data were captured from Royal Canadian Mounted Police records. VRS-SO static, dynamic, and total scores demonstrated expected patterns of convergence with total and subscale scores of the risk measures. Moreover, a confirmatory factor analysis of the VRS-SO dynamic item scores demonstrated acceptable model fit for a correlated three-factor solution consistent with prior confirmatory factor analyses. Discrimination analyses demonstrated that VRS-SO dynamic and total scores and STABLE 2007 scores had large prediction effects for 5-year sexual recidivism (area under the curves [AUCs] = .71–.72) while SOTIPS had a medium effect for this outcome (AUC = .67); the measures yielded medium to large effects for nonsexual recidivism. Cox regression survival analyses demonstrated that VRS-SO dynamic, Sexual Deviance factor, and SOTIPS scores each incrementally predicted sexual recidivism controlling for Static-99R or VRS-SO static factor scores. VRS-SO calibration analyses demonstrated that expected or predicted 5-year sexual recidivism rates showed generally close correspondence to the rates predicted or observed in the present community sample. Results support the psychometric properties of the VRS-SO, a sexual violence risk assessment and treatment planning measure, to a community outpatient sample. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/08982643241263132/) Barriers Experienced by Community-Dwelling Older Adults Navigating Formal Care: Evidence From an Australian Population-Based National Survey
Jul 5th 2024, 12:08

Journal of Aging and Health, Ahead of Print. ObjectivesThis study aims to identify the relationship between psychosocial factors and unmet needs among community-dwelling older adults who have received or who expect to receive formal home-based aged care services.MethodsA subsample of the national Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers was used to examine the prevalence of having any unmet needs among older adults navigating care. We also examined associations between older adults’ psychosocial factors and their unmet needs using logistic regression.ResultsRegression analyses highlighted that perceived social isolation (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.30–2.01), high/very high psychological distress (OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.52–2.93), and occasional assistance from informal support (OR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.22–3.05) were associated with increased odds of having unmet needs, after adjusting for other covariates.DiscussionOur study suggests that older adults facing psychosocial difficulties or lacking informal support are more likely to encounter barriers in accessing formal care. Future policy should address the psychosocial needs and support networks of older adults.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/08982643241263132?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/pas0001315/) Applying the PTSD Checklist–Civilian and PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 crosswalk in a traumatic brain injury sample: A veterans affairs traumatic brain injury model systems study.
Jul 5th 2024, 12:08

Psychological Assessment, Vol 36(6-7), Jun-Jul 2024, 425-432; doi:10.1037/pas0001315
This study evaluates the use of the crosswalk between the PTSD Checklist–Civilian (PCL-C) and PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) designed by Moshier et al. (2019) in a sample of service members and veterans (SM/V; N = 298) who had sustained a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and were receiving inpatient rehabilitation. The PCL-C and PCL-5 were completed at the same time. Predicted PCL-5 scores for the sample were obtained according to the crosswalk developed by Moshier et al. We used three measures of agreement: intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), mean difference between predicted and observed scores, and Cohen’s κ to determine the performance of the crosswalk in this sample. Subgroups relevant to those who have sustained a TBI, such as TBI severity, were also examined. There was strong agreement between the predicted and observed PCL-5 scores (ICC = .95). The overall mean difference between predicted and observed PCL-5 scores was 0.07 and not statistically significant (SD = 8.29, p = .89). Significant mean differences between predicted and observed PCL-5 scores calculated between subgroups were seen in Black participants (MD = −4.09, SD = 8.41, p = .01) and those in the Year 5 follow-up group (MD = 1.77, SD = 7.14, p = .03). Cohen’s κ across subgroups had a mean of κ = 0.76 (.57–1.0), suggesting that there was moderate to almost perfect diagnostic agreement. Our results suggest the crosswalk created by Moshier et al. can be applied to SM/V who have suffered a TBI. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/08982643241264586/) Variation in Adult Cognition Across Domains and Life Course Place Effects in the UK
Jul 5th 2024, 12:08

Journal of Aging and Health, Ahead of Print. This study explores the role that place of birth and place of residence have in variation in cognition in adulthood in the UK. We take advantage of both the large sample size and number of cognitive domains in the UK Biobank to estimate the effect of place of birth and place of residence on adulthood cognition using multilevel modeling. We find, consistent with studies in the US, that place effects at both time points contribute modest variation (<3% of the variation) across all measured cognitive domains, suggesting a relative lack of contribution of shared environments in explaining future Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias. Moreover, the geographical contribution to cognitive function in adulthood was slightly larger for females than for males. This study is among the first to explore the impact of both the independent and joint associations of place of birth and place of residence with different cognitive domains.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/08982643241264586?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/08982643241263879/) Visualizing Worldwide Prevalence of Age-Related Dual Sensory Loss
Jul 5th 2024, 12:07

Journal of Aging and Health, Ahead of Print. Objectives: This study aims to create a first visualization of global prevalence of age-related dual sensory loss (DSL), significantly affecting older people’s quality of life. Methods: Data from World Health Organization (WHO) regions, particularly African, American, and European, were analyzed. The study focused on DSL onset and prevalence, using adjusted life expectancy for regional comparison. Results: There were notable regional variations in DSL onset and prevalence. The African region showed consistent data, thanks to standardized methods from the World Federation of the Deafblind. However, global patterns varied when adjusted for life expectancy, hinting at possible DSL prevalence stabilization at older ages. Discussion: The study identifies a lack of standardization in DSL prevalence research regarding definitions, methodologies, and reporting. It calls for more uniform and thorough research methods for accurate global DSL understanding. The research highlights the complexity and challenges in determining DSL prevalence worldwide.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/08982643241263879?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/pac0000647/) The association of urban environment quality and perceived safety: Evidence from seven nationally representative samples.
Jul 5th 2024, 12:07

Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, Vol 30(2), May 2024, 129-136; doi:10.1037/pac0000647
A majority of the world’s population resides in urban environments. Findings from prospect refuge theory and broken windows theory suggest that specific environmental aspects and greater urban environment disorder influence how safe the people feel in that environment. In the current investigation, I sought to reevaluate the association between the perceived quality of an urban environment and residents’ feelings of safety by utilizing a cross-national, multilevel approach. I obtained nationally representative data from five different surveys conducted by the Eurobarometer (N = 167,212). I estimated multilevel models which suggest that greater urban environment quality relates to increased perceived safety, explaining between 45% and 66% of the variance in perceived safety attributable to cities. Consequently, I provide robust cross-national support for the claim that the environment we live in directly relates to how safe we feel. Ensuring the satisfactory, and high-quality condition of urban environments could be a means of increasing feelings of safety in day-to-day life. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/00031224241257614/) Collaborating on the Carceral State: Political Elite Polarization and the Expansion of Federal Crime Legislation Networks, 1979 to 2005
Jul 5th 2024, 12:07

American Sociological Review, Ahead of Print. Lawmakers are routinely confronted by urgent social issues, yet they hold conflicting policy preferences, incentives, and goals that can undermine collaboration. How do lawmakers collaborate on solutions to urgent issues in the presence of conflicts? I argue that by building mutual trust, networks provide a mechanism to overcome the risks conflict imposes on policy collaboration. But, in doing so, network dependence constrains lawmakers’ ability to react to the problems that motivate policy action beyond their immediate connections. I test this argument using machine learning and longitudinal analysis of federal crime legislation co-sponsorship networks between 1979 and 2005, a period of rising political elite polarization. Results show that elite polarization increased the effects of reciprocal action and prior collaboration on crime legislation co-sponsorships while suppressing the effect of violent crime rates. These relationships vary only marginally by political party and are pronounced for ratified criminal laws. The findings provide new insights to the role of collaboration networks in the historical development of the carceral state and elucidate how political actors pursue collective policy action on urgent issues in the presence of conflict.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/pac0000721/) Colombian youths’ reasoning about retributive and restorative justice in the 2016 peace accord: Associations with trust.
Jul 5th 2024, 12:07

Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, Vol 30(2), May 2024, 137-150; doi:10.1037/pac0000721
This study investigated Colombian adolescents’ evaluations and expectations about different solutions to seeking justice in the aftermath of group-based harms and how their judgments of solutions were associated with self-reported levels of trust. In individual interviews, 74 adolescents (Mage = 16.48 years; 36 girls, 38 boys) in Bogotá, Colombia, were presented with scenarios depicting two forms of group harm (involving damage to infrastructure and loss of life) based on events relevant to the Colombian armed conflict. For each scenario, adolescents rated the desirability and likelihood of five solutions (apologies, compensation by the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC), compensation by the government, punishment, and a combination of compensation and punishment). Participants also completed a questionnaire assessing their general levels of trust. Compensation by the FARC and the government were more strongly endorsed in the context of damage to infrastructure, whereas punishment was endorsed more in response to loss of life. Youth also expected compensation by the FARC to be more likely to occur for damage to infrastructure, while they believed punishment was more likely for loss of life. Higher levels of trust were associated with support for restorative solutions, particularly in response to loss of life. Youths’ open-ended justifications for their evaluations of different solutions to address the harms reflected varied concerns, including their perceptions of how to meet the needs of victims and communities, ensure accountability for the harms committed, and achieve revenge. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/00031224241258791/) Civic Lessons That Last? Religiosity and Volunteering on the Way to Adulthood
Jul 5th 2024, 12:07

American Sociological Review, Ahead of Print. Recent religious declines in the United States are for a large part driven by the growing number of Americans who were raised religiously but left religion in the transition to adulthood. Nonetheless, their views and behaviors may still be influenced by their religious upbringing. We explore such legacy effects by examining how changing religiosity during the transition to adulthood influences volunteering among young adults. Analyzing panel data from the National Study of Youth and Religion, we estimate two types of effects: effects of cumulative religious trajectories in youth, and effects of religiosity in youth that are not mediated by religiosity in adulthood. We find that histories of religious involvement shape volunteering in adulthood, but the precise nature of such effects varies across dimensions of religiosity and types of volunteering. Religious service attendance in youth promotes volunteering in adulthood mostly indirectly, through influencing religiosity in adulthood, and exclusively for activities organized by religious groups. By contrast, religious identification in youth promotes volunteering in adulthood also through other channels, and its effects on secular volunteering may persist even when people are not religious in adulthood. We discuss the implications of these findings in light of ongoing declines in religiosity in the United States.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/pac0000700/) Effect of a neuropsychological intervention program on executive functions and social cognition in select child witnesses in the Colombian armed conflict.
Jul 5th 2024, 12:07

Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, Vol 30(2), May 2024, 151-163; doi:10.1037/pac0000700
Chronic exposure to stress from adverse early experiences such as armed conflict can generate long-term changes in various neurotransmitter systems and cortical structures involved in the individual’s ability to respond appropriately to the social context. Child victims of armed conflict show difficulties in executive functioning and social cognition that impact adaptability. The objective of this exploratory study was to evaluate the efficacy of a sociocognitive intervention on the executive behaviors, including executive functioning and social cognition, of children who are victims of conflict. The sample consisted of 26 children aged between 6 and 11 years (M = 8.58, SD = 1.65) and was divided into two equal groups. The treatment condition (N = 13) received 16 sessions of the sociocognitive intervention. Compared to the standard treatment group, the intervention group had large posttreatment effect sizes (Cohen’s d > 0.8) on variables of executive functioning, social cognition, and executive behaviors. The results obtained reveal the importance of intervening cognition and behavior in unfavorable social contexts and in early stages of development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/00031224241253268/) The “Dark Side” of Community Ties: Collective Action and Lynching in Mexico
Jul 5th 2024, 12:07

American Sociological Review, Ahead of Print. Lynching remains a common form of collective punishment for alleged wrongdoers in Latin America, Africa, and Asia today. Unlike other kinds of collective violence, lynching is usually not carried out by standing organizations. How do lynch mobs overcome the high barriers to violent collective action? I argue that they draw on local community ties to compensate for a lack of centralized organization. Lynch mobs benefit from solidarity and peer pressure, which facilitate collective action. The study focuses on Mexico, where lynching is prevalent and often amounts to the collective beating of thieves. Based on original survey data from Mexico City and a novel lynching event dataset covering the whole of Mexico, I find that individuals with more ties in their communities participate more often in lynching, and municipalities with more highly integrated communities have higher lynching rates. As community ties and lynching may be endogenously related, I also examine the posited mechanisms and the causal direction. Findings reveal that municipalities exposed to a recent major earthquake—an event that tends to increase community ties—subsequently experienced increased levels of lynching. Importantly, I find that interpersonal trust is unrelated to lynching, thus showing that different aspects of social capital have diverging consequences for collective violence, with community ties revealing a “dark side.”
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The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/00031224241253268/) The “Dark Side” of Community Ties: Collective Action and Lynching in Mexico was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/pac0000698/) Polarization and fatalism: Social beliefs in Colombian citizens regarding the political negotiation of the armed conflict.
Jul 5th 2024, 12:07

Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, Vol 30(2), May 2024, 164-174; doi:10.1037/pac0000698
Polarization, delegitimization, and fatalism act as psychosocial barriers to peace in Colombia and are part of the ethos of conflict. This qualitative study aimed to understand the social beliefs of citizens of nine urban centers in Colombia regarding the Peace Process between the Colombian State and the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia-Ejército del Pueblo (FARC-EP). There were 256 subjects, 127 women and 129 men, who participated in a semistructured and in-depth interview during the second half of 2018 and the first half of 2020. The results were organized according to four categories that emerged in the analysis: (a) An idealized conception of peace that opposes a concrete and real political negotiation of the armed conflict; (b) delegitimization of the adversary, which turns them into an absolute enemy to be eliminated; (c) polarization, which was exacerbated by politics; and (d) fatalism that expresses impotence in the face of a naturalized violence. All this results in a conflict ethos that becomes a psychosocial barrier to peace. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/17446295241246569/) Factors affecting the feelings of safety among individuals with mild intellectual disabilities and severe challenging behaviour in residential care: A qualitative study of professional and service users’ perspectives
Jul 5th 2024, 12:07

Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, Ahead of Print. Background: This study focuses on what feeling safe means for people with mild intellectual disabilities and severe challenging behaviour, and which factors affect their sense of safety. Method: Thematic analysis was used to analyse data collected during (1) ethnographic longitudinal research and (2) interviews and focus groups among professionals and service users. Results: Feelings of safety can relate to three main themes: (1) a physical environment that reduces risks and temptations; (2) a reliable, predictable, and supportive environment; and (3) an accepting environment that enables service users to establish a normal life. An analysis of which factors affect service users’ sense of safety identified 20 themes (e.g. team climate) and 34 subthemes (e.g. interactions with other service users). Conclusions: A range of interconnected factors can affect service users’ feelings of safety. Future research should explore what organisations and external actors (e.g. the police) can do to promote those feelings.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/neu0000956/) Do we all do the same things? Applicability of daily activities at the intersection of demographics.
Jul 5th 2024, 12:06

Neuropsychology, Vol 38(5), Jul 2024, 379-391; doi:10.1037/neu0000956
Objective: To evaluate the extent to which demographic factors—and their intersections—influence the applicability of items assessing activities of daily living (ADLs) in a sample of older adults. Method: Participants’ (n = 44,713) Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) scores from a multicenter database were evaluated to see how participant and collateral demographics, contextual, and clinical characteristics impacted ADL nonapplicability (NA). Collateral, contextual, and clinical characteristics were matched in those with and without NA. The effect of participant demographics and their interactions on NA responses were modeled with logistic regression. Results: At least one FAQ item (most commonly bill payment, taxes, playing games, and meal preparation) was rated as NA in up to one third of participants across ethnoracial groups. Dementia staging had the largest impact on NA, followed by participant demographics. In a matched sample, logistic models revealed that participant demographics, in particular sex, best predicted NA. However, meaningful interactions with ethnoracial group were noted for bill payment, taxes, meal preparation, and game engagement, suggesting that demographic intersections (e.g., younger vs. older Latinxs) meaningfully predict whether a given ADL was applicable to an individual participant. Conclusions: Neuropsychology is predicated on accurate assessments of both cognition and daily functioning and, in an increasingly diverse aging population, there should be careful consideration of demographic factors, their interactions, and historical contexts that drive day-to-day demands. This study establishes limitations of existing measures and paths forward for creating fair measures of functioning in older adults. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/17446295241259074/) A review of research on social studies instruction for students with intellectual disabilities
Jul 5th 2024, 12:06

Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, Ahead of Print. The content of social studies encompasses various topics such as culture, citizenship, values, geography, and history. However, social studies has historically been an under-researched academic content area for students with intellectual disabilities. The aim of this study was to identify and summarize empirical research on social studies instruction for students with intellectual disabilities. We searched for articles in two electronic databases from 2000 to 2023. We applied seven inclusion criteria to 1709 articles that emerged in databases. A total of 13 empirical studies met the inclusion criteria. We conducted a narrative review across these 13 studies. Results showed that students with intellectual disabilities improved social studies skills through effective instructional strategies including graphic organizers, technology-based instruction, time delay, and task analysis. Also, social studies instruction for students with intellectual disabilities mostly focused on history and geography. We discussed the findings along with their limitations and provided recommendations for future research.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/neu0000951/) Rehabilitation of Executive Function in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury (REPeaT): Outcomes of a pilot randomized controlled trial.
Jul 5th 2024, 12:06

Neuropsychology, Vol 38(5), Jul 2024, 392-402; doi:10.1037/neu0000951
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of Cogmed Working Memory Training (Cogmed) in improving working memory (WM) and decision making (DM) in childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI), and any associated increases in functional outcomes such as academic achievement in mathematics, behavior, social skills, and quality of life. Method: A randomized controlled trial of the Cogmed (RM version) intervention for children with TBI. A total of 69 children post-TBI were screened for WM impairments, of which 31 eligible participants (Mage: 10.6 years; male n = 21) were recruited and randomized to either the treatment group (Cogmed, n = 16) or the active-control group (Lexia Reading Core5, n = 15). Both groups completed computerized training for 5 weeks with clinician support via an online video platform. Immediately posttraining and at 6 months follow-up, primary (WM and DM) and secondary functional outcomes were assessed. Results: Immediately postintervention, significant improvement was found in one primary outcome (WM verbal component) for the Cogmed group, but this was not maintained at the 6 months follow-up. No immediate improvements or maintenance gains (small effect sizes) in other primary outcomes of visuospatial WM or DM were reported in the Cogmed group. No other significant group differences were detected for other functional outcomes. Conclusions: Despite the limited benefits observed in this small randomized controlled trial, it will be beneficial to investigate Cogmed’s efficacy in a case-series methodology, to further determine its effectiveness in a pediatric TBI population. Furthermore, a cautious approach in clinical implementation of Cogmed is advised. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/17446295241262565/) Evaluating Saudi Parental Interagency on Collaborative Initiatives for Successful Post-Secondary Transition of Students with Intellectual Disabilities
Jul 5th 2024, 12:06

Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, Ahead of Print. Effective collaboration between schools and community agencies is paramount for the successful transition of students with disabilities to post-secondary educational settings. This study, conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, focuses on assessing the level of collaboration from the perspective of parents of students with intellectual disabilities. Using descriptive analysis, data was gathered from 191 parents, and the results indicate a perceived low level of collaboration between schools and various agencies in planning and supporting the transition to post-secondary environments. The study results evaluate collaboration in three dimensions: (a) universities rank lowest with [math] =1.61 and SD=1.102). (b) vocational training centers ranking highest (1st rank) with an [math] = 1.97 and SD = 1.079), and (c) other relevant service centers 2nd rank with [math] =1.69 and SD= 1.177. The findings emphasize the necessity for legislative measures directing agencies to engage in collaborative agreements with secondary schools. This proactive approach aims to enhance opportunities for students with intellectual disabilities during their transition to post-secondary education and training. The study concludes with implications for future research and recommendations for fostering improved collaboration and support mechanisms.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/neu0000954/) Psychometric properties of two instruments assessing catastrophizing and fear–avoidance behavior in mild traumatic brain injury.
Jul 5th 2024, 12:06

Neuropsychology, Vol 38(5), Jul 2024, 403-415; doi:10.1037/neu0000954
Objective: Psychometrically sound measures of catastrophizing about symptoms and fear avoidance behavior are needed to further applications of the fear–avoidance model in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) for research and clinical purposes. To this end, two questionnaires were adapted (minor), the Postconcussion Symptom Catastrophizing Scale (PCS-CS) and the Fear of Mental Activity Scale (FMA). This study aimed to investigate the factor structure, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and concurrent and construct validity of two adapted questionnaires in a sample of participants with mTBI compared to participants with orthopedic injury and healthy adults. Method: One hundred eighty-five mTBI participants (40% female), 180 participants with orthopedic injury (55% female), and 116 healthy adults (55% female) participated in the study. All participants were assessed at two time points (2 weeks postinjury and 3 months) using self-reported questionnaires. Data were collected using online questionnaires. Results: Findings indicated a three-factor model (magnification, rumination, helplessness) with a higher order factor (catastrophizing) for the PCS-CS and a two-factor model (activity avoidance and somatic focus) for the FMA. The results showed strong internal consistency, good test–retest reliability, and good concurrent and convergent validity for the PCS-CS and FMA across all samples. Conclusions: This study has shown that the PCS-CS and FMA are psychometrically sound instruments and can be considered for valid and reliable assessment of catastrophizing about postconcussion like symptoms and fear–avoidance beliefs about mental activities. These instruments can be used in research and clinical practice applications of the fear–avoidance model and add to explanations of prolonged recovery after mTBI. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
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Michael Reeder LCPC
Baltimore, MD

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