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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s12671-023-02296-0/) A Comprehensive Descriptive Analysis of Out-of-Session Meditation in a Residential Treatment Setting: Duration, Frequency, and Type of Practice
Feb 16th 2024, 14:14

Abstract

Objectives
A nuanced examination of human behavior can yield valuable insights into whether a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) promotes meditation practices and to what degree in various populations. This study aimed to offer a comprehensive analysis of meditation behaviors exhibited by individuals in response to an MBI in the context of an intensive residential treatment program for addiction recovery.

Method
A total of 100 participants enrolled in a residential treatment program participated in an added MBI component to their routine care. We quantified the type, frequency, and duration of meditation practices outside of scheduled MBI sessions and conducted a descriptive analysis to investigate how these practices during the intervention predicted meditation behaviors 7 months later.

Results
All seven common types of mindfulness meditation assessed, except the body scan, were performed an average of once per day during the MBI. The longest average duration of meditation practice was observed in the case of walking meditation, both during the MBI (M=20.30, SD=16.66 min) and 7-month follow-up (M=25.43, SD=20.85 min). Out-of-session meditation frequency (unstandardized beta, B=0.56, p<0.001) and duration (B=0.45, p=0.02) during the MBI significantly predicted subsequent meditation behaviors 7 months later, even after adjusting for treatment site discharge status and other clinical variables.

Conclusions
Most participants in this addiction recovery sample consistently engaged in a variety of meditation practices outside of formal MBI class sessions while in residential living, performing them approximately once a day, with a particularly robust response to walking meditation. The persistence of meditation practice 7 months later suggests that the learned behaviors endure throughout addiction recovery.

Preregistration
This original trial is registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02977988)

(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12671-023-02296-0?error=cookies_not_supported&code=4795fa25-8a9c-4824-b94c-220e8a3409c6) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/07334648231211743/) Multidimensional Frailty, Quality of Life and Self-Management in Aging Hispanics Living With HIV
Feb 16th 2024, 13:07

Journal of Applied Gerontology, Ahead of Print. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted to examine multidimensional frailty and its potential impact on quality of life (QOL) in aging Hispanic people living with HIV (PLWH) and assess the extent to which HIV self-management moderates this association. The sample included 120 Hispanic PLWH aged 50 years and older (M = 59.11; SD = 7.04). The structural equation modeling analyses demonstrated that multidimensional frailty was significantly related to QOL in its two dimensions, physical and mental (p < .001). The relationship between multidimensional frailty and mental and physical QOL remained significant even after controlling for confounders (age and gender). The moderator analyses indicated no statistically significant moderator effect of HIV self-management on multidimensional frailty and mental or physical QOL. These study results have practical implications that highlight the need for early screening for frailty with a multidimensional focus. Age-appropriate and culturally tailored interventions to prevent or mitigate multidimensional frailty may improve QOL.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/07334648231211743?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/meta-analyses-systematic-reviews/02645505231221228/) A systematic scoping review of measures of the quality of health and social care for adults in the criminal justice system: Learning for the probation service
Feb 16th 2024, 13:01

Probation Journal, Ahead of Print. We conducted a systematic scoping review to identify quality indicators, guidelines or standards measuring the quality of health or social care for adult criminal justice populations that were relevant to probation practice. Seventeen papers were included, and measures were categorised by how they were developed, which national probation service health and social care strategy objectives they relate to, type of measures, and what is measured. We aimed to identify existing indicators that may support improvements in the health of people on probation and the care that they receive, and to share any insights around developing and introducing such indicators in practice.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/02645505231221228?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/s12888-024-05573-x/) Emotions and worries during 1.5 years of the COVID-19 pandemic – how adults with and without mental health conditions coped with the crisis
Feb 16th 2024, 12:52

Abstract

Background
During the COVID 19 pandemic, there were social restrictions with severe mental stress for a long time. Most studies on mental health consequences of the pandemic focused primarily on the beginning of the pandemic. The present study on families of patients or study participants of a child and adolescent psychiatry aimed to examine long-term profiles of emotions and worries in adults with and without mental health condition (mhc) during the first 1.5 years of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
We surveyed emotions and worries of 128 adults with (n = 32) and without (n = 96) pre-pandemic mhc over a 1.5-year study period from spring 2020 until summer/autumn 2021. Emotions and worries were captured at four time points: [i] pre-pandemic, [ii] spring 2020 (first lockdown was implemented), [iii] December 2020 (hard lockdown at Christmas time) and [iv] summer/autumn 2021 (considerable ease of regulations); [i] pre-pandemic and [iii] December 2020 were measured retrospectively). First, we run non-parametric tests to compare emotions and worries between adults with and without pre-pandemic mhc at the four time points. Next, we conducted latent profile analysis to identify subgroups from the total sample who share similar trajectories of emotions and worries. Finally, a logistic regression analysis was run to examine whether socio-demographic and psycho-social factors were related to identified trajectories of emotions and worries.

Results
Adults without pre-pandemic mhc reported a strong worsening of emotions and worries at the beginning of the pandemic and a lower worsening during the course, while adults with pre-pandemic mhc reported a constant worsening of emotions and worries. The latent profile analysis revealed three profiles of adults who show either i) an adaption, ii) no adaption or iii) a continuous high condition. With increasing age, higher perceived stress and pre-pandemic mhc, the likelihood of an adaption was increased.

Conclusion
The results of the present study suggested that adults (both with and without pre-pandemic mhc) coped the crisis with different strategies and that most of them returned to their initial, pre-pandemic levels of emotions and worries when social restrictions were considerably eased or stopped.

(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12888-024-05573-x?error=cookies_not_supported&code=a24326d0-637a-4060-b0e3-62d516020ef1) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/s40359-024-01561-8/) Redevelopment of mental health first aid guidelines for substance use problems: a Delphi study
Feb 16th 2024, 12:25

Substance use problems have a major impact on the physical and mental health of individuals, families and communities. Early intervention may have a positive effect on recovery and treatment outcomes for those…
(https://bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40359-024-01561-8) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/s12888-024-05571-z/) Association between social support and the severity of positive symptoms in rural community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia during the COVID-19 pandemic
Feb 16th 2024, 12:24

This study examined the association between social support and the severity of positive symptoms in rural community-dwelling schizophrenia patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.
(https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12888-024-05571-z) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/s12904-024-01359-w/) Towards a set of competencies in palliative care nursing in Spain: what’s getting in the way of consensus?
Feb 16th 2024, 12:23

Spain currently lacks a competency framework for palliative care nursing. Having such a framework would help to advance this field in academic, governmental, and health management contexts. In phase I of a mix…
(https://bmcpalliatcare.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12904-024-01359-w) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/s12904-024-01372-z/) How can technology be used to support communication in palliative care beyond the covid-19 pandemic: a mixed-methods national survey of palliative care healthcare professionals
Feb 16th 2024, 12:23

Developments in digital health have the potential to create new opportunities for healthcare professionals support delivery of palliative care. Globally, many palliative care professionals used digital health …
(https://bmcpalliatcare.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12904-024-01372-z) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/s12910-024-01007-1/) Conscientious objection and barriers to abortion within a specific regional context – an expert interview study
Feb 16th 2024, 12:22

While most countries that allow abortion on women’s request also grant physicians a right to conscientious objection (CO), this has proven to constitute a potential barrier to abortion access. Conscientious ob…
(https://bmcmedethics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12910-024-01007-1) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/s12910-024-01006-2/) Analyzing the composition of the editorial boards in high-impact medical ethics journals: a survey study
Feb 16th 2024, 12:22

The underrepresentation of scholarly works from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in academic literature is a documented concern, attributed partly to editorial biases. This trend, prevalent across vari…
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/s12913-024-10635-7/) Impact of a complex health services intervention in long-term care nursing homes on 3-year overall survival: results from the CoCare study
Feb 16th 2024, 12:21

The Coordinated medical Care (CoCare) project aimed to improve the quality of medical care in nursing homes by optimizing collaboration between nurses and physicians. We analyze the impact of the CoCare interv…
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s10508-023-02776-3/) Sexual Identity Development and Social Ecological Facilitators and Barriers of PrEP Uptake and Adherence Among Latinx Men Who Have Sex with Men
Feb 16th 2024, 12:21

Abstract
Latinx gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (LMSM) report lower pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use than their white, non-Latinx counterparts. We hypothesize that this disparity is partially attributable to social ecological factors that can be addressed via prevention interventions. In this retrospective study, we first examined data from 253 LMSM to determine whether theorized associations existed between acquisition of a PrEP prescription (uptake) in relation to several social ecological factors based on a conceptual framework of determinants of access to and uptake of PrEP for LMSM. We also explored relations between frequency of PrEP use (adherence) and social ecological factors with a subsample of 33 LMSM who had initiated PrEP 12 months prior to assessment. In this study, individual-level factors from this framework included age and socioeconomic status. Perceived access to medical care represented both individual- and community-level determinants of PrEP uptake and adherence. Interpersonal-level factors were social support and relationship status. Structural/cultural-level factors were sexual identity development status, the masculinity norm of heterosexual self-presentation, traditional Latinx masculine gender role beliefs of machismo and caballerismo, racial identity, and immigration status. Results indicated that older men and those who endorsed the synthesis/integration status of sexual identity development were more likely to acquire a PrEP prescription during their lifetime in comparison to peers. PrEP adherence was linked with being older, reporting higher socioeconomic status, reporting more appraisal social support, self-identifying as white-Latinx, being U.S.-born, and endorsing less sexual identity uncertainty and more heterosexual self-presentation. Results specify modifiable factors that may inform tailored, community-based prevention efforts to increase PrEP use and decrease existing HIV/AIDS disparities among LMSM.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-023-02776-3?error=cookies_not_supported&code=7c89a200-7e86-46a8-b179-bbb5f7eda8c9) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/s12913-024-10671-3/) Citizens’ perspectives on relocating care: a scoping review
Feb 16th 2024, 12:21

Healthcare systems around the world are facing large challenges. There are increasing demands and costs while at the same time a diminishing health workforce. Without reform, healthcare systems are unsustainab…
(https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-024-10671-3) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/s12913-024-10629-5/) Implementing a tobacco-free workplace program at a substance use treatment center: a case study
Feb 16th 2024, 12:21

People with substance use disorders smoke cigarettes at much higher rates than the general population in the United States and are disproportionately affected by tobacco-related diseases. Many substance use tr…
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/s12913-024-10667-z/) Evaluation of the telemedical health care network “SAFE BIRTH” for pregnant women at risk, premature and sick newborns and their families: study protocol of a cluster-randomized controlled stepped-wedge trial
Feb 16th 2024, 12:21

The Perinatal Center of the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden has initiated the telemedical healthcare network “SAFE BIRTH” to coordinate and improve specialized care in non-metropolitan regions fo…
(https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-024-10667-z) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/s12877-024-04752-5/) Incorporating frailty to address the key challenges to geriatric economic evaluation
Feb 16th 2024, 12:21

The multidimensional and dynamically complex process of ageing presents key challenges to economic evaluation of geriatric interventions, including: (1) accounting for indirect, long-term effects of a geriatri…
(https://bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12877-024-04752-5) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/s43045-024-00405-w/) Are there links between Alzheimer’s disease and ADHD? The efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists in controlling ADHD symptoms: a systematic review
Feb 16th 2024, 12:21

To assess the effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of anti-Alzheimer agents (memantine, galantamine, rivastigmine, and donepezil) in controlling ADHD symptoms in children, adolescents, and adults.
(https://mecp.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43045-024-00405-w) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/s12877-024-04749-0/) Cultural adaptation and validation of the Sinhala version of the Frail Non-disabled tool (FiND)
Feb 16th 2024, 12:20

Frailty, a common geriatric syndrome of vulnerability, is associated with a decline in health and function. The most problematic expression of population ageing is associated with weakness, slowing, decreased …
(https://bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12877-024-04749-0) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/s41155-024-00287-1/) Family functioning in students of health sciences in four Latin American countries: a study of the structure and factorial invariance of the FACES III scale. A cross-sectional study
Feb 16th 2024, 12:20

Psychometric studies of the FACES III scale in Spanish-speaking countries show a lack of agreement on the factorial structure of the scale. In addition, most of the studies have only performed exploratory anal…
(https://prc.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41155-024-00287-1) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/s12877-024-04695-x/) Stimulated cervical afferent input increases postural instability in older people with chronic neck pain: a cross-sectional study
Feb 16th 2024, 12:20

Several potential causes can impair balance in older people. The neck torsion maneuver may be useful in demonstrating impaired balance caused by the stimulation of cervical proprioceptive input. Whereas eviden…
(https://bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12877-024-04695-x) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/s12877-024-04702-1/) Benefits and barriers associated with the use of smart home health technologies in the care of older persons: a systematic review
Feb 16th 2024, 12:20

Smart home health technologies (SHHTs) have been discussed in the frame of caregiving to enable aging-in-place and independence. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines to ga…
(https://bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12877-024-04702-1) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/s40536-024-00191-1/) The potential of international large-scale assessments for meta-analyses in education
Feb 16th 2024, 12:20

Meta-analyses and international large-scale assessments (ILSA) are key sources for informing educational policy, research, and practice. While many critical research questions could be addressed by drawing evi…
(https://largescaleassessmentsineducation.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40536-024-00191-1) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/meta-analyses-systematic-reviews/00953997231219262/) Boundary Spanning in Local Governance: A Scoping Review
Feb 16th 2024, 12:03

Administration &Society, Ahead of Print. Complex societal challenges require collaboration between organizations, often with conflicting priorities and ways of working. Connecting organizations has come to be referred to as boundary-spanning. There is a need to understand the features of boundary-spanning at the local level, since policy-makers and practitioners from different sectors need not only to work together but also to relate to the recipients of their interventions. Addressing this gap, a scoping review was conducted. The review highlights the need to carve out a contextualized conceptualization of boundary-spanning that accounts for the distinctive features of this work when embedded in local community context.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s10508-023-02778-1/) Gender Dysphoria and Sexual Euphoria: A Bayesian Perspective on the Influence of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy on Sexual Arousal
Feb 16th 2024, 11:26

Abstract
Self-reported sexual orientation of transgender individuals occasionally changes over transition. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we tested the hypothesis that neural and behavioral patterns of sexual arousal in transgender individuals would shift from the assigned to the experienced gender (e.g., trans women’s responses becoming more dissimilar to those of cis men and more similar to those of cis women). To this aim, trans women (N = 12) and trans men (N = 20) as well as cisgender women (N = 24) and cisgender men (N = 14) rated visual stimuli showing male–female, female–female or male–male intercourse for sexual arousal before and after four months of gender-affirming hormone therapy. A Bayesian framework allowed us to incorporate previous behavioral findings. The hypothesized changes could indeed be observed in the behavioral responses with the strongest results for trans men and female–female scenes. Activation of the ventral striatum supported our hypothesis only for female–female scenes in trans women. The respective application or depletion of androgens in trans men and trans women might partly explain this observation. The prominent role of female–female stimuli might be based on the differential responses they elicit in cis women and men or, in theory, the controversial concept of autogynephilia. We show that correlates of sexual arousal in transgender individuals might change in the direction of the experienced gender. Future investigations should elucidate the mechanistic role of sex hormones and the cause of the differential neural and behavioral findings.
The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02715232), March 22, 2016.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-023-02778-1?error=cookies_not_supported&code=c3b65b5e-edf9-4fa6-a87d-5c2aa1a949ae) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s11031-023-10056-9/) Do hints make students become curious about boring content?
Feb 16th 2024, 10:27

Abstract
Curiosity—intrinsic motivation to understand—is an integral part of learning. However, empirical evidence on how and when students’ curiosity is piqued is noticeably lacking, especially for boring learning materials. Grounded on the information gap theory, this study examined whether sequentially providing hints on the answer increased students’ curiosity for interesting and boring trivia questions. Two experimental studies were conducted with 212 undergraduates. The number of hints was manipulated in the between- (Study 1; hint vs. no-hint) and within-individual (Study 2; 0 ~ 4 hints per question) levels. The results of both experiments showed that hints only incited curiosity when the content was boring. Providing hints also improved students’ feeling-of-knowing the answer, performance (accuracy of guess), post-task interest, and willingness to reengage in the task. Encountering prediction errors (i.e., low-confidence correct guess or high-confidence error) triggered students’ curiosity about the explanation. These findings contribute to the growing body of curiosity literature and help educators make mundane learning content curious.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11031-023-10056-9?error=cookies_not_supported&code=cf620593-9101-47ad-b9be-a958d0c130c1) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/news/homelessness-encampments-in-this-state-would-be-banned-under-new-bill/) Homelessness encampments in this state would be banned under new bill
Feb 16th 2024, 10:13

A new bill in California aims to ban homeless encampments near “sensitive community areas” statewide. The bipartisan Senate Bill 1011, introduced earlier this month, would ban people from “sitting, lying, sleeping or storing, using, maintaining or placing personal property upon a street or sidewalk” if a homeless shelter is available.
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/news/homelessness-encampments-in-this-state-would-be-banned-under-new-bill/) Homelessness encampments in this state would be banned under new bill was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/podcasts/in-levittowns-shadow-poverty-in-americas-wealthiest-postwar-suburb/) In Levittown’s Shadow: Poverty in America’s Wealthiest Postwar Suburb
Feb 16th 2024, 10:13

The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/podcasts/in-levittowns-shadow-poverty-in-americas-wealthiest-postwar-suburb/) In Levittown’s Shadow: Poverty in America’s Wealthiest Postwar Suburb was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/video/healing-and-justice-center-a-community-based-approach-to-public-safety/) Healing and Justice Center A Community Based Approach to Public Safety
Feb 16th 2024, 10:08

The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/video/healing-and-justice-center-a-community-based-approach-to-public-safety/) Healing and Justice Center A Community Based Approach to Public Safety was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/developing-an-agenda-for-the-decolonization-of-global-health/) Developing an agenda for the decolonization of global health
Feb 16th 2024, 09:49

The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/developing-an-agenda-for-the-decolonization-of-global-health/) Developing an agenda for the decolonization of global health was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

Forwarded by:
Michael Reeder LCPC
Baltimore, MD

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