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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/13634615241233683/) Cultural pathways to psychosis care: Patient and caregiver narratives from Puebla, Mexico
Apr 25th 2024, 15:08

Transcultural Psychiatry, Ahead of Print. The current study used the McGill Illness Narrative Interview (MINI) to explore patients’ (n = 6) and caregivers’ (n = 3) narratives about how they identified and sought care for psychosis. Participants were recruited from an outpatient clinic at the Hospital Psiquiátrico Dr. Rafael Serrano, a public psychiatric hospital in Puebla, Mexico. All participants consented to complete semi-structured interviews in Spanish. Thematic analyses were used to inductively identify common themes in participants’ narratives. The results indicated that during the initial symptom onset, most participants noticed the presence of hallucinations but did not seek help for this hallmark symptom. Participants described seeking care only when they or their ill relative exhibited escalating aggressive behaviors or physical symptoms that were interpreted as common medical problems. As participants became connected to specialty mental health services, they began to develop a conceptualization of psychosis as a disorder of aggression. For some participants, this conceptualization of psychosis as an illness of aggression contributed to their ambivalence about the diagnosis. These results can be understood using a cultural scripts framework, which suggests that cultural norms are influenced by collective understandings of normalcy and valorization of behaviors. Implications for community campaigns are discussed.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/13634615241233683?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/news/guaranteed-income-can-be-a-lifeline-for-domestic-abuse-survivors/) Guaranteed Income Can Be a Lifeline for Domestic Abuse Survivors
Apr 25th 2024, 14:56

To reduce racial and gender inequalities in wealth, policymakers need to improve the financial capabilities of victim-survivors of violence through unconditional cash transfer programs — a.k.a. guaranteed income. Going beyond literacy to change, beyond individual solutions to systemic ones, will lead to true well-being for victim-survivors.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/00207640241237723/) The Soteria project recounted by Mosher and its clinical resonances today
Apr 25th 2024, 14:09

International Journal of Social Psychiatry, Ahead of Print. Background:The American psychiatrist Loren R. Mosher has passed to posterity as an eager proponent of a psychosocial approach to psychosis. The best example of this is the Soteria project that he founded in San Jose, California, in the 1970s. The contribution of Alma Zito Menn, ACSW, also merits attention as project director of Soteria and for her links to the Mental Research Institute, Palo Alto. She was later replaced as program director by Voyce Hendrix, LCSW, when she turned to other preoccupations linked to the grant continuation of Soteria. Equally, the nonprofessional staff of the facility should receive appreciation.Aim/objective:Bearing this in mind, the main aim of this paper is to reflect upon the Soteria project, giving voice to Mosher himself, while simultaneously connecting his ideas with other empirical works that have been published on this topic in recent decades.Methods:Using a selection from the extant literature assessing the implementation and outcomes of adapting Soteria-elements to different settings, I present here provisional results obtained from current research. First, I expound what Mosher hoped to achieve in creating Soteria and why it worked. In this respect, I go beyond what is commonly reported in scholarly works, where the Soteria project is considered without paying too great attention to its main architect, as if the project could be separated from the man who created it.Results and conclusions:As I have corroborated here, there is today growing and promising scientific evidence validating the principles of the Soteria project. Undoubtedly, this would not have been possible without the pioneering work of Mosher, who, imbued with the tenets of interpersonal phenomenology, shook the psychiatric establishment, leading others to follow the path that he had begun.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/grey-literature/how-will-employer-health-insurance-affect-wages-and-social-security/) How Will Employer Health Insurance Affect Wages and Social Security?
Apr 25th 2024, 13:14

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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/s40359-024-01674-0/) Comparison of dysfunctional attitudes, cognitive vulnerability to depression, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in healthy participants
Apr 25th 2024, 13:07

During the COVID-19 pandemic, depression and suicide rates increased worldwide, and in Japan. Presumably, an increase of neuroticism-related personality traits mediates the relation linking the COVID-19 pandem…
(https://bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40359-024-01674-0) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/00031224241232957/) “Stepping-Stone” versus “Dead-End” Jobs: Occupational Structure, Work Experience, and Mobility Out of Low-Wage Jobs
Apr 25th 2024, 13:06

American Sociological Review, Ahead of Print. Does working in a low-wage job lead to increased opportunities for upward mobility, or is it a dead-end that traps workers? In this article, we examine whether low-wage jobs are “stepping-stones” that enable workers to move to higher-paid jobs that are linked by institutional mobility ladders and skill transferability. To identify occupational linkages, we create two measures of occupational similarity using data on occupational mobility from matched samples of the Current Population Survey (CPS) and data on multiple dimensions of job skills from the O*NET. We test whether work experience in low-wage occupations increases mobility between linked occupations that results in upward wage mobility. Our analysis uses longitudinal data on low-wage workers from the 1979 National Longitudinal Study of Youth (NLSY) and the 1996 to 2008 panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). We test the stepping-stone perspective using multinomial conditional logit (MCL) models, which allow us to analyze the joint effects of work experience and occupational linkages on achieving upward wage mobility. We find evidence for stepping-stone mobility in certain areas of the low-wage occupational structure. In these occupations, low-wage workers can acquire skills through work experience that facilitate upward mobility through occupational changes to skill and institutionally linked occupations.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/infographics/distribution-of-family-wealth/) Distribution of family wealth
Apr 25th 2024, 12:54

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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/08862605241234355/) #MeToo and Sexual Violence Reporting in the National Crime Victimization Survey
Apr 25th 2024, 12:08

Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Ahead of Print. The Me Too Movement has reshaped cultural awareness about sexual violence but little is known about how this shift may have coincided with changes in the reporting of sexual violence. The current study is the first to use the National Crime Victimization Survey to compare pre-#MeToo and post-#MeToo reports of sexual violence across three different blocks of time (Time 1: 2014–2015; Time 2: October 2017–September 2019; Time 3: October 2019–September 2021). Comparisons include prevalence rates of overall sexual violence, self-reports of sexual violence, official police reports of sexual violence, and situational characteristics of sexual violence (offender was a stranger, victim injury, victim services used). We also examine gender (women/men) and racial (White women/non-White women) differences in sexual violence reporting. Using formal comparisons, we find a significant increase in the rates of overall sexual violence as well as self-reports and stranger-offender reports of sexual violence between the pre- (Time 1) and the first post-#MeToo time point (Time 2). However, these increases are no longer evident in Time 3. In addition, the changes between the pre- (Time 1) and the first post-#MeToo time point (Time 2) are driven primarily by White women’s reporting of sexual violence, and we find no significant changes in the rates of sexual violence experienced by men nor non-White women during these time periods.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/08862605241234355?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/estimating-turnover-and-industry-longevity-of-canadian-sex-workers/) Estimating turnover and industry longevity of Canadian sex workers
Apr 25th 2024, 12:06

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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/00187267241236579/) There and back again: The roles of morning- and evening commute recovery experiences for daily resources across the commute-, work-, and home domain
Apr 25th 2024, 11:55

Human Relations, Ahead of Print. Commuting is a global phenomenon that has primarily been studied in terms of its costs. However, anecdotes and recent theorizing suggest that some employees enjoy their commutes. Is it, thus, possible that commuting can also be beneficial for employees? We integrate the Work–Home Resources model with the Conservation of Resources theory to conceptualize commuting as a source of recovery that facilitates daily resource gain spanning the commute-, work-, and home domain. Specifically, we hypothesize that morning commute recovery experiences (relaxation, mastery and detachment) trigger resource gains in the work domain, manifesting in increased subjective vitality as a manifestation of physical and cognitive energy. Higher levels of subjective vitality in the work domain, in turn, are positively related to work-to-home commute recovery experiences and associated subjective vitality in the home domain. Furthermore, we explore commute duration as a contingency factor of the relationships between commute recovery experiences and subjective vitality at work and home. A diary across ten workdays largely supports our hypothesized model. On days with higher levels of relaxation during the morning commute, employees experience daily resource gains that culminate in increased evening subjective vitality in the home domain through relaxation during the evening commute.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00187267241236579?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/00131644241240435/) Comparing Accuracy of Parallel Analysis and Fit Statistics for Estimating the Number of Factors With Ordered Categorical Data in Exploratory Factor Analysis
Apr 25th 2024, 11:55

Educational and Psychological Measurement, Ahead of Print. Determining the number of factors in exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is crucial because it affects the rest of the analysis and the conclusions of the study. Researchers have developed various methods for deciding the number of factors to retain in EFA, but this remains one of the most difficult decisions in the EFA. The purpose of this study is to compare the parallel analysis with the performance of fit indices that researchers have started using as another strategy for determining the optimal number of factors in EFA. The Monte Carlo simulation was conducted with ordered categorical items because there are mixed results in previous simulation studies, and ordered categorical items are common in behavioral science. The results of this study indicate that the parallel analysis and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) performed well in most conditions, followed by the Tucker–Lewis index (TLI) and then by the comparative fit index (CFI). The robust corrections of CFI, TLI, and RMSEA performed better in detecting misfit underfactored models than the original fit indices. However, they did not produce satisfactory results in dichotomous data with a small sample size. Implications, limitations of this study, and future research directions are discussed.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/00131644241242789/) Exploring the Influence of Response Styles on Continuous Scale Assessments: Insights From a Novel Modeling Approach
Apr 25th 2024, 11:55

Educational and Psychological Measurement, Ahead of Print. The use of discrete categorical formats to assess psychological traits has a long-standing tradition that is deeply embedded in item response theory models. The increasing prevalence and endorsement of computer- or web-based testing has led to greater focus on continuous response formats, which offer numerous advantages in both respondent experience and methodological considerations. Response styles, which are frequently observed in self-reported data, reflect a propensity to answer questionnaire items in a consistent manner, regardless of the item content. These response styles have been identified as causes of skewed scale scores and biased trait inferences. In this study, we investigate the impact of response styles on individuals’ responses within a continuous scale context, with a specific emphasis on extreme response style (ERS) and acquiescence response style (ARS). Building upon the established continuous response model (CRM), we propose extensions known as the CRM-ERS and CRM-ARS. These extensions are employed to quantitatively capture individual variations in these distinct response styles. The effectiveness of the proposed models was evaluated through a series of simulation studies. Bayesian methods were employed to effectively calibrate the model parameters. The results demonstrate that both models achieve satisfactory parameter recovery. Neglecting the effects of response styles led to biased estimation, underscoring the importance of accounting for these effects. Moreover, the estimation accuracy improved with increasing test length and sample size. An empirical analysis is presented to elucidate the practical applications and implications of the proposed models.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00131644241242789?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/rev0000436/) A maturational frequency discrimination deficit may explain developmental language disorder.
Apr 25th 2024, 11:55

Psychological Review, Vol 131(3), Apr 2024, 695-715; doi:10.1037/rev0000436
Auditory perceptual deficits are widely observed among children with developmental language disorder (DLD). Yet, the nature of these deficits and the extent to which they explain speech and language problems remain controversial. In this study, we hypothesize that disruption to the maturation of the basilar membrane may impede the optimization of the auditory pathway from brainstem to cortex, curtailing high-resolution frequency sensitivity and the efficient spectral decomposition and encoding of natural speech. A series of computational simulations involving deep convolutional neural networks that were trained to encode, recognize, and retrieve naturalistic speech are presented to demonstrate the strength of this account. These neural networks were built on top of biologically truthful inner ear models developed to model human cochlea function, which—in the key innovation of the present study—were scheduled to mature at different rates over time. Delaying cochlea maturation qualitatively replicated the linguistic behavior and neurophysiology of individuals with language learning difficulties in a number of ways, resulting in (a) delayed language acquisition profiles, (b) lower spoken word recognition accuracy, (c) word finding and retrieval difficulties, (d) “fuzzy” and intersecting speech encodings and signatures of immature neural optimization, and (e) emergent working memory and attentional deficits. These simulations illustrate many negative cascading effects that a primary maturational frequency discrimination deficit may have on early language development and generate precise and testable hypotheses for future research into the nature and cost of auditory processing deficits in children with language learning difficulties. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/00131644241242806/) The Impact of Insufficient Effort Responses on the Order of Category Thresholds in the Polytomous Rasch Model
Apr 25th 2024, 11:54

Educational and Psychological Measurement, Ahead of Print. Insufficient effort responding (IER) refers to a lack of effort when answering survey or questionnaire items. Such items typically offer more than two ordered response categories, with Likert-type scales as the most prominent example. The underlying assumption is that the successive categories reflect increasing levels of the latent variable assessed. This research investigates how IER affects the intended category order of Likert-type scales, focusing on the category thresholds in the polytomous Rasch model. In a simulation study, we examined several IER patterns in datasets generated from the mixture model for IER (MMIER). The key findings were (a) random responding and overusing the non-extreme categories of a five-category scale were each associated with high frequencies of disordered category thresholds; (b) raising the IER rate from 5% to 10% led to a substantial increase in threshold disordering, particularly among easy and difficult items; (c) narrow distances between adjacent categories (0.5 logits) were associated with more frequent disordering, compared with wide distances (1.0 logits). Two real-data examples highlighted the efficiency and utility of the MMIER for detecting latent classes of respondents exhibiting different forms of IER. Under the MMIER, the frequency of disordered thresholds was reduced substantially in both examples. The discussion focuses on the practical implications of using the MMIER in survey research and points to directions for future research.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/bul0000421/) Wipe it off: A meta-analytic review of the psychological consequences and antecedents of physical cleansing.
Apr 25th 2024, 11:54

Psychological Bulletin, Vol 150(4), Apr 2024, 355-398; doi:10.1037/bul0000421
Physical cleansing is a human universal. It serves health and survival functions. It also carries rich psychological meanings that interest scholars across disciplines. What psychological effects result from cleansing? What psychological states trigger cleansing? The present meta-analysis takes stock of all experimental studies examining the psychological consequences and antecedents of cleansing-related thoughts, feelings, and behaviors (e.g., feeling less guilty after cleansing; spontaneously cleansing oneself after thinking of unwelcomed sexual encounter). It includes 129 records, 230 experiments, and 551 effects from 42,793 participants. Effect sizes were synthesized in random-effects models using robust variance estimates with small-sample corrections, supplemented by other techniques. Outliers were excluded using leave-one-out diagnostics and sensitivity analysis. Publication bias was assessed and corrected for using eight methods. Theoretical, methodological, sample, and report moderators were coded. After excluding outliers, without bias correction, the synthesized effect size estimate was g = 0.315, 95% CI [0.277, 0.354]. Using various bias correction methods, the estimate ranged from g = 0.103 to 0.331 and always exhibited considerable heterogeneity. Effect sizes were especially large for behavioral measures and varied significantly between sample types, sample regions, and report types. Meanwhile, effects were domain-general (observed in the moral domain and beyond), bidirectional (physical cleansing  psychological variables), and robust across theoretical types, manipulation operationalizations, and study designs. Limitations included mixed replicability, suboptimal methodological rigor, and restricted sample diversity. We recommend future studies to (a) incorporate power analysis, preregistration, and replication; (b) investigate generalizability across samples; (c) strengthen discriminant validity; and (d) test competing theoretical accounts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/00131644241237502/) Latent Variable Forests for Latent Variable Score Estimation
Apr 25th 2024, 11:54

Educational and Psychological Measurement, Ahead of Print. We develop a latent variable forest (LV Forest) algorithm for the estimation of latent variable scores with one or more latent variables. LV Forest estimates unbiased latent variable scores based on confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models with ordinal and/or numerical response variables. Through parametric model restrictions paired with a nonparametric tree-based machine learning approach, LV Forest estimates latent variable scores using models that are unbiased with respect to relevant subgroups in the population. This way, estimated latent variable scores are interpretable with respect to systematic influences of covariates without being biased by these variables. By building a tree ensemble, LV Forest takes parameter heterogeneity in latent variable modeling into account to capture subgroups with both good model fit and stable parameter estimates. We apply LV Forest to simulated data with heterogeneous model parameters as well as to real large-scale survey data. We show that LV Forest improves the accuracy of score estimation if parameter heterogeneity is present.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/bul0000425/) The stability of cognitive abilities: A meta-analytic review of longitudinal studies.
Apr 25th 2024, 11:54

Psychological Bulletin, Vol 150(4), Apr 2024, 399-439; doi:10.1037/bul0000425
Cognitive abilities, including general intelligence and domain-specific abilities such as fluid reasoning, comprehension knowledge, working memory capacity, and processing speed, are regarded as some of the most stable psychological traits, yet there exist no large-scale systematic efforts to document the specific patterns by which their rank-order stability changes over age and time interval, or how their stability differs across abilities, tests, and populations. Determining the conditions under which cognitive abilities exhibit high or low degrees of stability is critical not just to theory development but to applied contexts in which cognitive assessments guide decisions regarding treatment and intervention decisions with lasting consequences for individuals. In order to supplement this important area of research, we present a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies investigating the stability of cognitive abilities. The meta-analysis relied on data from 205 longitudinal studies that involved a total of 87,408 participants, resulting in 1,288 test–retest correlation coefficients among manifest variables. For an age of 20 years and a test–retest interval of 5 years, we found a mean rank-order stability of ρ = .76. The effect of mean sample age on stability was best described by a negative exponential function, with low stability in preschool children, rapid increases in stability in childhood, and consistently high stability from late adolescence to late adulthood. This same functional form continued to best describe age trends in stability after adjusting for test reliability. Stability declined with increasing test–retest interval. This decrease flattened out from an interval of approximately 5 years onward. According to the age and interval moderation models, minimum stability sufficient for individual-level diagnostic decisions (rtt = .80) can only be expected over the age of 7 and for short time intervals in children. In adults, stability levels meeting this criterion are obtained for over 5 years. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/10499091241248653/) Identifying the Unmet Needs of People Living With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A National Survey to Inform Interdisciplinary Palliative Care
Apr 25th 2024, 11:54

American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine®, Ahead of Print. Introduction/Aims: This national survey builds on previous qualitative research examining potential palliative care needs among people living with ALS (pALS) by quantifying and investigating relationships among pALS’ stage of illness progression; physical, emotional, social, spiritual, and intimacy-related concerns; advance care planning behaviors; perceptions of feeling heard and understood by healthcare providers; and overall quality of life. Methods: Researchers partnered with national organizations to recruit pALS to participate in a one-time survey comprising items from validated instruments (eg, the ALS Specific Quality of Life Instrument-Revised) and researcher-generated measures. Data were analyzed using logistic and linear regression. Results: Among pALS (n = 112), many respondents indicated they had discussed their wishes for end-of-life care with family or friends, shared their wishes with providers, and documented their wishes in writing (79.5%, 49.1%, and 63.4%, respectively). Mean (M) quality of life scores were moderate (M ≈ 6 of 10). Illness stage was associated with documentation of end-of-life care wishes but not with having discussed these wishes with others or with overall quality of life. Reported emotional intimacy received was comparable to that desired (difference = .01 of 10); however, a greater desire for physical intimacy relative to that received was indicated (difference = 1.75 of 10). Discussion: Interdisciplinary palliative care teams may enhance ALS care by promoting advance care planning behaviors (particularly discussing one’s wishes with healthcare providers), providing interventions to improve quality of life, and supporting pALS in navigating challenges related to physical intimacy.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/10499091241248653?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/bul0000410/) Sleep loss and emotion: A systematic review and meta-analysis of over 50 years of experimental research.
Apr 25th 2024, 11:54

Psychological Bulletin, Vol 150(4), Apr 2024, 440-463; doi:10.1037/bul0000410
In a largely sleep-deprived society, quantifying the effects of sleep loss on emotion is critical for promoting psychological health. This preregistered systematic review and meta-analysis quantified the effects of various forms of sleep loss on multiple aspects of emotional experiences. Eligible studies used experimental reductions of sleep via total sleep deprivation, partial sleep restriction, or sleep fragmentation in healthy populations to examine effects on positive affect, negative affect, general mood disturbances, emotional reactivity, anxiety symptoms, and/or depressive symptoms. In total, 1,338 effect sizes across 154 studies were included (N = 5,717; participant age range = 7–79 years). Random effects models were conducted, and all forms of sleep loss resulted in reduced positive affect (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.27 to −1.14), increased anxiety symptoms (SMD = 0.57–0.63), and blunted arousal in response to emotional stimuli (SMD = −0.20 to −0.53). Findings for negative affect, reports of emotional valence in response to emotional stimuli, and depressive symptoms were mixed and depended on the type of sleep loss. Nonlinear effects for the amount of sleep loss as well as differences based on the stage of sleep restricted (i.e., rapid eye movement sleep or slow-wave sleep) were also detected. This study represents the most comprehensive quantitative synthesis of experimental sleep and emotion research to date and provides strong evidence that periods of extended wakefulness, shortened sleep duration, and/or nighttime awakenings adversely influence human emotional functioning. Findings provide an integrative foundation for future research on sleep and emotion and elucidate the precise ways that inadequate sleep may impact our daytime emotional lives. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/10499091241246520/) Ketamine Use for Palliative Care in the Austere Environment: Is Ketamine the Path Forward for Palliative Care
Apr 25th 2024, 11:54

American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine®, Ahead of Print. The goal of palliative care is to focus on the holistic needs of the patient and their family versus the pathology of the patient’s diagnosis to reduce the stress of illness. U.S. servicemembers deployed to austere environments worldwide have significantly less access to palliative care than in military treatment facilities in the U.S. Preparation for future conflicts introduces the concept of prolonged medical management for an environment where urgent casualty evacuation is impossible. Ketamine is currently widely used for analgesia and anesthesia in the care of military service members and its use has increased in combat zones of Iraq and Afghanistan due to the favorable preservation of respiratory function, minimal changes in hemodynamics, and lower pain scores compared to opioids. Ketamine acts as a non-competitive antagonist on N-methyl-D aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Its anesthesia and analgesic effects are complex and include both presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons in brain and spinal cord. The use of palliative care to minimize suffering should not be withheld due to the logistical boundaries of austere military environments or lack of guidelines for recommended use. The use of ketamine for palliative care is a new clinical management strategy to provide both sedation and pain management for an acute pain crisis or comfort measures for the terminally ill. This makes ketamine an attractive consideration for palliative care when managing critically wounded patients for an extended time.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/bul0000420/) A meta-analytic review of the relation between spatial anxiety and spatial skills.
Apr 25th 2024, 11:53

Psychological Bulletin, Vol 150(4), Apr 2024, 464-486; doi:10.1037/bul0000420
Spatial skills are key predictors of achievement in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines, despite being acquired through everyday life and not formally taught in schools. Spatial skills include a diverse group of abilities broadly related to reasoning about properties of space such as distance and direction. Recently, more research has investigated the link between spatial skills and spatial anxiety, defined as a fear or apprehension felt when engaged in spatial thinking. There has yet to be a meta-analytic review summarizing these findings. Thus, the goal of this preregistered meta-analytic review is to provide an estimate of the size of the relation between spatial anxiety and spatial skills while considering several moderators (grade/age group, sex, spatial skills measure/subtype, spatial anxiety measure/subtype, geographical region of sample, publication type/year, and risk of bias). Analyzing 283 effect sizes accumulated from research conducted between 1994 and 2020, we found a small, negative, and statistically significant (r = −.14) correlation between spatial anxiety and spatial skills. Results showed that effect sizes including mental manipulation anxiety, scalar comparison anxiety, and navigation skill were often significantly stronger than effect sizes including measures of other subtypes. The magnitude of the relation was not significantly different in children and adults, though effect sizes tended to be weaker for younger samples (r = −.08). Our results are consistent with previous findings of a significant relation between spatial anxiety and skills, and this work bridges a gap in the existing research, lending support to future research efforts investigating spatial cognition. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/10499091241247841/) Automated Electronic Health Record Score to Predict Mortality Risk at the US Department of Veterans Affairs
Apr 25th 2024, 11:53

American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine®, Ahead of Print. BackgroundTerminally ill patients benefit from earlier engagement in palliative care. However, this does not always occur. This project assessed if an already available risk score, the Care Assessment Needs (CAN) score, would be able to identify patients at greatest risk for mortality within 30 days of hospital admission within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA).MethodsThe cohort of this retrospective analysis included all VA acute are patients over 18 years of age with a recent CAN score. The CAN score is an automatically calculated VA risk score that was repurposed to determine if it could predict risk of mortality after acute care admission. Univariate logistic regression was performed to obtain the probability of mortality within 30 days of admission, based on their CAN score.Results298,467 patient records were assessed from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019. There was 6% mortality after 30 days of admissions, and 17% mortality within 1-year post-admission. Mean CAN score was 65 (SD: 29). On average, each incremental increase in the CAN score increased the probability of mortality by 7%. Patients with a CAN score of 90 had a 10% probability of 30-day post-admission mortality.ConclusionA readily available risk score, automatically calculated from EHR data, was able to identify patients at high risk for 30-day mortality in the acute care setting. Next steps will be to assess how the CAN score can be utilized to in improve end of life care for high-risk hospitalized Veterans.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/10499091241247183/) An Analysis of Healthcare Usage & Place of Death in England for All Adults Who Died in 2021/22
Apr 25th 2024, 11:53

American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine®, Ahead of Print. ObjectiveWe wanted to examine the healthcare use and non-elective activity in the UK population of expected deaths over an 1-year period to highlight and examine the reasons for variation. We did this to identify areas to focus interventions or resources on to reduce unnecessary emergency care use at the end of life.Methods and AnalysisWe assembled a data set of approximately 400 000 adults who died in England in the financial year 2021/22 (April 2021-March 2022). Any adults classified as a ‘sudden death’ were excluded. We used available data to ensure outcome measures were relevant used expert consensus to agree what to examine. We recorded place of death and examined urgent care in terms of admissions in the last year and 90 days of life. We also used recorded hospital care days as elective and non-elective usage.ResultsThere were over 400 000 decedents included in our regression models. Close to half died in hospital (44%). Three-quarters (77%) had at least one day of unplanned hospital care in the 90 days before they died, and half (56%) had at least one day of planned hospital care.ConclusionReliance on urgent care for those approaching end-of-life may indicate poor care planning and integration of services. A relatively modest increase in the amount of community care a person receives at end-of-life can substantially reduce the likelihood of dying in hospital. Those with a cancer cause of death are far less likely to die in hospital.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/pap0000496/) The allure of the patient’s objects: Countertransference pitfalls and possibilities.
Apr 25th 2024, 11:53

Psychoanalytic Psychology, Vol 41(2), Apr 2024, 65-71; doi:10.1037/pap0000496
During the course of treatment, the analyst may develop feelings and attitudes about the people in her patient’s life. She may feel angered by a neglectful parent, frustrated by an insensitive spouse, or intrigued by a glamorous friend. At times, the patient’s object world can be so alluring that the analyst may fail to recognize her feelings as countertransference reactions. This article will explore these reactions through the concept of countertransference to the patient’s objects and will illuminate how this aspect of countertransference can be particularly elusive. When this facet of countertransference is unanalyzed, countertransference collusions can form. This article will discuss ways for identifying these collusions so that countertransference to the patient’s objects can facilitate rather than impede the analytic work. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/pap0000478/) Trans identity development and integration.
Apr 25th 2024, 11:53

Psychoanalytic Psychology, Vol 41(2), Apr 2024, 72-77; doi:10.1037/pap0000478
This article explores popular modern theories of trans identity development and proposes a new conceptualization grounded in psychoanalytic and transgender theory. Building on Winnicott’s (1960) theories of the true and false self to understand trans identity development, this author proposes the concept of trans existential dread to understand the tension between the true and false self for trans folks. These concepts are presented alongside clinical recommendations for exploring gender with all patients. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/08997640241241323/) Why Neighbors Would Help: A Vignette Experiment on Reciprocity in Informal Helping
Apr 25th 2024, 11:53

Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Ahead of Print. Reciprocity in informal helping, or informal volunteering, is often seen as a way to ensure that people who are not altruistically motivated exchange help. Yet, it could be problematic for those who are unable to help, as they would be excluded from this exchange. We study to what extent people’s reciprocity expectations affect informal helping intentions and whether necessity of helping and perceived helpfulness (indirect reciprocity) compensate and moderate this relationship. Expectations are tested with a factorial survey conducted among the Longitudinal Internet studies for the Social Sciences panel (N vignettes = 3,299). Multilevel regression analyses show that people have stronger intentions to help those who are likely to reciprocate but that a strong need for help and having helped others in the past are more important reasons to help. Furthermore, the effect of likelihood of reciprocity on informal helping intentions is stronger for neighbors who never helped others. Policy implications of these results are discussed.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/pap0000498/) Mother’s disintegrative responses in the context of infant care: Clinical and empirical evidence of the role of empathy and parity.
Apr 25th 2024, 11:53

Psychoanalytic Psychology, Vol 41(2), Apr 2024, 78-87; doi:10.1037/pap0000498
The constant exposure of a mother to her infant’s primary experiences may be reflected in maternal disintegrative responses (intrusive thoughts and dissociative experiences in the context of infant care). In this study, we aimed to present a clinical case study demonstrating this process as revealed in therapeutic sessions with a new mother, followed by an empirical study examining the contribution to maternal disintegrative responses of background variables and maternal empathy-related components, that is, perspective-taking, empathic concern, fantasy, and personal distress. Israeli mothers (n = 415) whose child was up to 12 months old completed self-report measures tapping maternal disintegrative responses, sociodemographic characteristics, and empathy. We found that higher levels of the empathy components of fantasy and personal distress contributed to greater intrusive thoughts and dissociative experiences; higher empathic concern was positively associated with intrusive thoughts and negatively associated with dissociative experiences; parity moderated the association between empathy and maternal disintegrative responses, so that perspective-taking was associated with less intrusive thoughts among primiparous mothers, but not among multiparous mothers. In addition, the positive association between empathic personal distress and dissociative experiences was stronger among primiparous than multiparous mothers. The findings of the empirical study, together with insights from the clinical case study, expand the understanding of maternal disintegrative responses and highlight the characteristics that may contribute to it. The theoretical and therapeutic implications of the findings are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/08997640241241321/) Societal Roles of Nonprofit Organizations: Parsonian Echoes and Luhmannian Reframing of the Organization–Society Interface
Apr 25th 2024, 11:52

Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Ahead of Print. Nonprofit organizations (NPOs) have long been recognized as playing vital roles in society. Nevertheless, a coherent understanding of how these roles align with broader social theory, and how to conceptualize the interface between nonprofits and society is still lacking. In pursuit of a solid theoretical foundation, we conducted a systematic literature review encompassing 119 publications spanning from 1959 to 2021 that delve into the societal roles of NPOs. We reason that much of prior research has implicitly adhered to a functionalist perspective akin to that proposed by Talcott Parsons nearly seven decades ago. Our review identifies four overarching societal roles fulfilled by NPOs: service delivery, advocacy, integration, and the development of cultural patterns. Recognizing the limitations of Parsonian functionalism, we advocate for a shift toward a neo-functionalist, systems-theoretical framing to allow for an analysis of societal functions that is more sensitive to the heterogeneity and contradictions pervasive in contemporary society.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/pap0000502/) Intimate partner violence: Narratives of attachment relationships and linguistic analysis of emotional schemas through a quali-quantitative approach.
Apr 25th 2024, 11:52

Psychoanalytic Psychology, Vol 41(2), Apr 2024, 88-97; doi:10.1037/pap0000502
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a concerning, widespread issue with serious health, social, and financial consequences. Previous studies highlighted the role of insecure attachment patterns in predicting IPV victimization. This study investigates attachment classifications among women survivors of IPV referred to antiviolence centers, as determined by the Adult Attachment Interview and compare them with a control group. Additionally, this study aims to discern variations in linguistic and narrative styles, utilizing referential process linguistic measures, between the IPV and control groups. Twenty-eight female survivors of IPV and 28 controls completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Adult Attachment Interview. The analyses revealed that 25% of the women in the IPV group exhibited a secure attachment style, in contrast to 78.5% of individuals in the control group. Furthermore, 75% of the women in the IPV group reported an insecure attachment (dismissing, disorganized, or preoccupied pattern), while only 21.5% of the control group displayed similar patterns of insecure attachment. Several differences in linguistic measures emerged between groups. The results indicated that women in the IPV group employed fewer positive affect words but utilized more concrete and imagery representations when describing their attachment experiences. This demonstrated a higher emotional involvement in their past attachment experiences and an endeavor to reflect on their past violence experiences. Current findings suggest that the attachment systems and attachment working model in women with a history of IPV were strongly activated during their admission for requesting help at an antiviolence center. These preliminary results may have important clinical implications. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/08997640241240417/) Baby Boomers and Their Voluntary Engagement: A Cohort Comparison Among the Middle-Aged and Older Population in Germany
Apr 25th 2024, 11:52

Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Ahead of Print. The aim of this study is to compare the levels of volunteering by German baby boomers, who are currently in their fifties and sixties, to cohorts born earlier. Using data from the German Aging Survey (DEAS), logistic and negative binomial regressions were employed to analyze the prevalence and time contributions that baby boomers invest in volunteering. The study indicates a higher prevalence of volunteering by baby boomers compared with earlier-born cohorts and suggests that the large size of this cohort will imply high levels of volunteering that could increase even further as the cohort approaches retirement. Moreover, our findings suggest stability in voluntary time contributions by baby boomers compared with earlier-born cohorts; this contrasts with the existing research showing decreased overall time contributions to volunteering. The study underscores the importance of considering cohort-specific differences in voluntary engagement behavior to gain a deeper understanding of the dynamics of volunteering.
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Forwarded by:
Michael Reeder LCPC
Baltimore, MD

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