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[Article Digests for Psychology & Social Work]

NYU Information for Practice Daily Digest (Unofficial)

 

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/grey-literature/what-is-the-insurance-value-of-social-security-by-race-and-socioeconomic-status/) What Is the Insurance Value of Social Security by Race and Socioeconomic Status?
Oct 2nd 2023, 11:28

Abstract

Social Security’s design is known to help Black individuals and those with lower socioeconomic status due to the progressive benefit formula, but this effect is partially offset by the shorter life expectancies of these groups.  However, valuing Old-Age and Survivors Insurance (OASI) solely on expected benefits neglects the program’s longevity insurance value, which favors individuals facing greater uncertainty over their lifespans.  This paper uses a structural model to measure the value of the program’s longevity insurance for stylized households that differ by race, education, and marital status.  Wealth equivalence calculations indicate that all stylized households value OASI at least as much as their lifetime OASI tax contributions.  The results also indicate that Black households derive more longevity insurance value from OASI than their White counterparts.  Hence, OASI increases racial equity in retirement even more than suggested by measures based on expected benefits alone.  
The paper found that:

In a simple lifecycle model, all stylized household types value OASI at least as much as their lifetime contributions to the program.
Black households value OASI more highly than their White counterparts, both overall and in terms of excess valuation over expected benefits.
Generally, the valuation of OASI beyond expected benefits strongly correlates with the unpredictability of longevity.   

The policy implications of the findings are:

At least in this simple model, all stylized households would be willing to pay higher FICA taxes to fund the current OASI system.
Black households stand to lose more than White ones from proportional reductions in benefit generosity.

(https://crr.bc.edu/what-is-the-insurance-value-of-social-security-by-race-and-socioeconomic-status/) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/podcasts/corporate-capture-of-development-public-private-partnerships-womens-human-rights-and-global-resistance/) Corporate Capture of Development: Public-Private Partnerships, Women’s Human Rights, and Global Resistance
Oct 2nd 2023, 10:56

The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/podcasts/corporate-capture-of-development-public-private-partnerships-womens-human-rights-and-global-resistance/) Corporate Capture of Development: Public-Private Partnerships, Women’s Human Rights, and Global Resistance was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/open-access-journal-articles/s12910-023-00958-1/) The voice of the profession: how the ethical demand is professionally refracted in the work of general practitioners
Oct 2nd 2023, 10:35

Among the myriad voices advocating diverging ideas of what general practice ought to be, none seem to adequately capture its ethical core. There is a paucity of attempts to integrate moral theory with empirica…
(https://bmcmedethics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12910-023-00958-1) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/open-access-journal-articles/s41257-023-00095-y/) A momentary lack of rituals: urban festivities cancelations in Geneva, Turin, and Zurich during the COVID-19 lockdowns
Oct 2nd 2023, 10:33

Rituals of territorial belonging as established practices of inclusion improve dynamics of belonging and coexistence. They are particularly significant in the city where people need rituals to trust each other…
(https://ijae.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41257-023-00095-y) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/guidelines-plus/collection-of-evidence-based-strategies-for-school-nutrition-and-physical-activity/) Collection of Evidence-Based Strategies for School Nutrition and Physical Activity
Oct 2nd 2023, 09:11

The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/guidelines-plus/collection-of-evidence-based-strategies-for-school-nutrition-and-physical-activity/) Collection of Evidence-Based Strategies for School Nutrition and Physical Activity was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/pas0001260/) Evaluating the psychometric properties of the Fear of Food Measure in adolescents across three independent samples.
Oct 2nd 2023, 08:54

Psychological Assessment,  Vol 35(9), Sep 2023, 751-762; doi:10.1037/pas0001260
The Fear of Food Measure (FOFM) was developed to assess eating-related anxiety and evaluate outcomes of food exposure treatment. The FOFM scores in adult community and clinical samples have demonstrated good factor structure, reliability, and validity, but the FOFM has yet to be evaluated in adolescents, despite eating disorders (EDs) being extremely prevalent during adolescence. The current research evaluated the psychometric properties of the FOFM in three independent child and adolescent samples ages 11–18: patients at two separate intensive treatment programs for EDs (N = 688, N = 151) and students in an all-girl high school (N = 310). The revised adolescent version of FOFM (FOFM-A) consists of 10 items and three subscales: Anxiety About Eating, Food Anxiety Rules, and Social Eating Anxiety. We also found support for the use of a global FOFM-A score in an adolescent population. The FOFM-A scores evidenced good internal consistency as well as convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity across all samples. FOFM-A subscales strongly correlated with other measures of ED symptoms and moderately to strongly correlated with measures of anxiety and depression. Adolescents diagnosed with EDs scored significantly higher on all subscales of FOFM-A compared to a community high school sample without ED diagnoses. We identified that a total FOFM-A cutoff score of 1.93 best differentiates between those with and without ED diagnoses. The FOFM-A may be useful in the assessment and treatment of eating-related anxiety and avoidance in adolescents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/meta-analyses-systematic-reviews/building-consensus-in-research-partnerships-a-scoping-review-of-consensus-methods/) Building consensus in research partnerships: a scoping review of consensus methods
Oct 2nd 2023, 08:34

The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/meta-analyses-systematic-reviews/building-consensus-in-research-partnerships-a-scoping-review-of-consensus-methods/) Building consensus in research partnerships: a scoping review of consensus methods was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/per0000619/) No impaired integration in psychopathy: Evidence from an illusory conjunction paradigm.
Oct 2nd 2023, 08:23

Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment,  Vol 14(5), Sep 2023, 479-489; doi:10.1037/per0000619
Progress in psychopathy research has been hampered by ongoing contention about its fundamental cause. The Impaired Integration theory of psychopathy provides an attention-based account of information integration abnormalities. We set out to evaluate the suggested mechanism via an innovative application of the well-established illusory conjunction paradigm. Two hundred participants were recruited by utilizing a psychopathic-trait-maximization technique, sampling individuals from an ex-prisoner and a population sample. We found no support for information integration deficits in psychopathic individuals (BF₁₀ = 0.156), and the absence of a relationship between psychopathic traits and illusory conjunctions remained when accounting for confounding variables. These findings question the mechanism proposed by the Impaired Integration theory and pave the way for future research to advance our understanding of psychopathic trait etiology by assessing specific and falsifiable mechanisms thought to bring about the observed cognitive and behavioral deficits. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/met0000471/) Reporting standards for psychological network analyses in cross-sectional data.
Oct 2nd 2023, 07:24

Psychological Methods,  Vol 28(4), Aug 2023, 806-824; doi:10.1037/met0000471
Statistical network models describing multivariate dependency structures in psychological data have gained increasing popularity. Such comparably novel statistical techniques require specific guidelines to make them accessible to the research community. So far, researchers have provided tutorials guiding the estimation of networks and their accuracy. However, there is currently little guidance in determining what parts of the analyses and results should be documented in a scientific report. A lack of such reporting standards may foster researcher degrees of freedom and could provide fertile ground for questionable reporting practices. Here, we introduce reporting standards for network analyses in cross-sectional data, along with a tutorial and two examples. The presented guidelines are aimed at researchers as well as the broader scientific community, such as reviewers and journal editors evaluating scientific work. We conclude by discussing how the network literature specifically can benefit from such guidelines for reporting and transparency. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/clinical-trials/the-mother-in-norway-study-mins/) The Mother in Norway Study (MiNS)
Oct 2nd 2023, 07:18

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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/pas0001255/) Assessing the measurement invariance of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 across Black and White americans.
Oct 2nd 2023, 06:24

Psychological Assessment,  Vol 35(9), Sep 2023, 721-728; doi:10.1037/pas0001255
The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) is the primary tool for assessing maladaptive personality traits within the DSM-5 alternative model for personality disorders. Evidence has begun to accumulate on the replicability and measurement invariance of its five-domain factor structure across countries, clinical and community populations, and sex, but its equivalency across racial groups within a given country is largely unstudied. Attempting to replicate the evidence of noninvariance demonstrated by Bagby et al. (2022), we examined the factor structure of the PID-5 across White Americans (n = 612) and Black Americans (n = 613) within the United States. The five-domain structure emerged across both samples with reasonably congruent factor loadings. Therefore, we tested for measurement invariance using the 13-step framework advocated by Marsh et al. (2009) for personality data. We found support for the PID-5’s comparability across racial groups, offering some preliminary backing for its use with Black Americans, though additional evidence is needed to clarify the conflicting results and further validate the instrument. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/02650533-2022-2115473-2/) The emotional labour of decolonising social work curricula
Oct 2nd 2023, 06:11

Volume 37, Issue 3, September 2023, Page 297-308. 
(https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02650533.2022.2115473?af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/00208728231196367/) Inclusive integrated care for LGBTQ+ families: An exploratory qualitative study in the United Kingdom
Oct 2nd 2023, 05:58

International Social Work, Ahead of Print. A surge in scholarship on minoritised gender and sexual identities has supported the advancement of LGBTQ+ family rights in many developed countries internationally. However, further work is needed to ensure LGBTQ+ families are fully included within integrated care systems. This article presents a subset of empirical findings from a narrative inquiry conducted in the United Kingdom. Eight LGBTQ+ participants were interviewed about their experiences and perspectives on adoption, fostering and birth children. Findings indicate that social work has a key role in addressing the cisgenderism prevalent in services, to enhance inclusivity within integrated care systems that support LGBTQ+ family life.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/14680173231194432/) Retention in statutory social work from fast-track child and family programs
Oct 2nd 2023, 05:36

Journal of Social Work, Ahead of Print. SummaryTwo fast-track child and family social work training programs have been established in England — Step Up to Social Work and Frontline. Trainees’ financial support is far higher than for mainstream social work degrees. One of the reasons claimed for setting up these programs is addressing retention, although critics (of Frontline) predicted graduates would not stay in social work. A 4-year study assessed retention and reasons for leaving social work. Attrition rates from statutory social work were calculated from responses (n = 2543) to annual surveys, plus looking up non-respondents in the professional register. Interviews were conducted with fast-track graduates (n = 80) and employers (n = 29).FindingsThe overall rate of social work graduates not in statutory social work at 18 months post-qualification was 12% for fast-track programs, and Higher Education Statistics Agency survey data show attrition at 15 months post-qualification as 18% for all social work routes. Frontline’s original national recruitment approach was less successful for retention than Step Up to Social Work’s regional approach. Perceived local authority support and intrinsic job satisfaction were associated with attrition in longitudinal bivariate analysis. Fast-track graduates leaving statutory social work typically moved to work in social care (including policy roles), health, or education.ApplicationsEarly-career attrition appears to be somewhat lower from fast-track programs than from all social work graduates. Longer-term comparison is not yet possible. In promoting retention, employers should be aware of the importance of staff perceptions of the local authority as supportive, and of their intrinsic job satisfaction.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/14680173231194432?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/tra0001370/) Opportunities and challenges in using instrumental variables to study causal effects in nonrandomized stress and trauma research.
Oct 2nd 2023, 05:26

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy,  Vol 15(6), Sep 2023, 917-929; doi:10.1037/tra0001370
Objective: Researchers are often interested in assessing the causal effect of an exposure on an outcome when randomization is not ethical or feasible. Estimating causal effects by controlling for confounders can be unconvincing because important potential confounders remain unmeasured. Study designs leveraging instrumental variables (IVs) offer alternatives to confounder–control methods but are rarely used in stress and trauma research. Method: We review the conceptual foundations and implementation of IV methods. We discuss strengths and limitations of IV approaches, contrasting with confounder–control methods, and illustrate the relevance of IVs for stress and trauma research. Results: IV approaches leverage an external or exogenous source of variation in the exposure. Instruments are variables that meet three conditions: relevance (variation in the IV is associated with variation in the chance of exposure), exclusion (the IV only affects the outcome through the exposure), and exchangeability (no unmeasured confounding of the IV–outcome relationship). Interpreting estimates from IV analyses requires an additional assumption, such as monotonicity (the instrument does not change the chance of exposure in different directions for any two individuals). Valid IVs circumvent the need to correctly identify, measure, and control for all confounders of the exposure–outcome relationship. The primary challenge is identifying a valid instrument. Conclusions: IV approaches have strengths and weaknesses compared with confounder–control approaches. IVs offers a promising complementary study design to improve evidence about the causal effects of exposures on outcomes relevant to stress and trauma. Collaboration with scientists who are experienced with identifying and analyzing IVs will support this work. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/tra0001398/) Marginal structural models for estimating the longitudinal effects of community violence exposure on youths’ internalizing and externalizing symptoms.
Oct 2nd 2023, 04:24

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy,  Vol 15(6), Sep 2023, 906-916; doi:10.1037/tra0001398
Objective: Longitudinal observational data pose a challenge for causal inference when the exposure of interest varies over time alongside time-dependent confounders, which often occurs in trauma research. We describe marginal structural models (MSMs) using inverse probability weighting as a useful solution under several assumptions that are well-suited to estimating causal effects in trauma research. Method: We illustrate the application of MSMs by estimating the joint effects of community violence exposure across time on youths’ internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Our sample included 4,327 youth (50% female, 50% male; 1.4% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 34.7% Black, 46.9% Hispanic, .8% Native American, 14.3%, White, 1.5%, Other race/ethnicity; Mage at baseline = 8.62, range = 3–15) from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods. Results: Wave 3 internalizing symptoms increased linearly with increases in Wave 2 and Wave 3 community violence exposure, whereas effects on externalizing symptoms were quadratic for Wave 2 community violence exposure and linear for Wave 3. These results fail to provide support for the desensitization model of community violence exposure. Conclusion: MSMs are a useful tool for researchers who rely on longitudinal observational data to estimate causal effects of time-varying exposures, as is often the case in the study of psychological trauma. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/met0000450/) Anticipating critical transitions in psychological systems using early warning signals: Theoretical and practical considerations.
Oct 2nd 2023, 03:24

Psychological Methods,  Vol 28(4), Aug 2023, 765-790; doi:10.1037/met0000450
Many real-world systems can exhibit tipping points and multiple stable states, creating the potential for sudden and difficult to reverse transitions into a less desirable regime. The theory of dynamical systems points to the existence of generic early warning signals that may precede these so-called critical transitions. Recently, psychologists have begun to conceptualize mental disorders such as depression as an alternative stable state, and suggested that early warning signals based on the phenomenon of critical slowing down might be useful for predicting transitions into depression and other psychiatric disorders. Harnessing the potential of early warning signals requires us to understand their limitations as well as the factors influencing their performance in practice. In this article, we (a) review limitations of early warning signals based on critical slowing down to better understand when they can and cannot occur, and (b) study the conditions under which early warning signals may anticipate critical transitions in online-monitoring settings by simulating from a bistable dynamical system, varying crucial features such as sampling frequency, noise intensity, and speed of approaching the tipping point. We find that, in sharp contrast to their reputation of being generic or model-agnostic, whether early warning signals occur or not strongly depends on the specifics of the system. We also find that they are very sensitive to noise, potentially limiting their utility in practical applications. We discuss the implications of our findings and provide suggestions and recommendations for future research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/s12978-023-01662-4/) The long-term effects of reproductive health education among primary and secondary school students: a longitudinal quasi-experimental study in rural Tanzania
Oct 2nd 2023, 02:58

Abstract

Background
Adolescent pregnancy remains a major global health issue, increasing the risk of complications during pregnancy and childbirth in mothers and babies. In Tanzania, adolescent pregnancy threatens girls’ education and makes it difficult for them to obtain a proper job; hence, the majority fall into poverty. Previous studies have developed and conducted reproductive health education for adolescent students; however, they evaluated only the effect immediately after education. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of reproductive health education on attitudes and behaviors toward reproductive health among adolescent girls and boys one year after the intervention in rural Tanzania.

Methods
A longitudinal quasi-experimental study was conducted with 3295 primary and secondary students (2123 in the intervention group, 1172 in the control group) from three purposefully selected wards in Korogwe District. In the intervention group, the students received reproductive health education. We used paper-based questionnaires to evaluate the effect of the adolescent education program on attitudes and behaviors toward reproductive health education. To analyze the association between the intervention and each outcome, mixed-effect multiple regression analyses was conducted.

Results
The mean age, primary school proportion, and female proportion of the intervention and the control group was 13.05 (standard deviation (SD) 1.59), 14.14 (SD 1.7), 77.9% and 34.3%, and 54.2% and 52.6%, respectively. There was no statistically significant effect of reproductive health education on adolescent health attitudes and behaviors in the multiple regression analyses (coefficient: − 0.24 (95% confidence interval (CI): − 0.98 to 0.50), coefficient: 0.01 (95%CI: − 0.42 to 0.43)).

Conclusion
A statistically significant effect of reproductive health education on adolescent health attitudes and behaviors was not found. An effective reproductive health education intervention to improve the attitude and behaviors of reproductive health among Tanzania adolescents in the long term remain to be determined, particularly in real-world settings.
Trial registration The National Institute for Medical Research, Tanzania (NIMR/HQ/R.8a/Vol. IX988).

(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12978-023-01662-4?error=cookies_not_supported&code=063b578a-0811-4b81-8087-ba294277f882) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/s1040260823000394/) Understanding sibling violence and its impact over the life course: The case of Ghana
Oct 2nd 2023, 01:42

Publication date: September 2023
Source: Advances in Life Course Research, Volume 57
Author(s): Eric Y. Tenkorang
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/tra0001545/) An introduction to directed acyclic graphs in trauma research.
Oct 2nd 2023, 01:22

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy,  Vol 15(6), Sep 2023, 899-905; doi:10.1037/tra0001545
Objective: Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are visual representations of the presumed causal structure of an empirical research data set. They are important tools for researchers but have been used rarely in the psychological trauma literature. The purpose of this article is to explain what DAGs are and why (and how) they are useful for trauma researchers. Method: We first describe the utility of DAGs for making causal assumptions explicit, identifying causal effects, and preventing bias. Basic definitions and rules governing the use of DAGs are presented using a hypothetical DAG. We explain why conditioning on a variable, for example, by controlling for it in a multivariable model, can in some circumstances actually introduce bias and not prevent it. We also provide references for topics related to DAGs that are beyond the scope of this introductory article. Results: DAGs are illustrated using the example of the effect of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on Parkinson’s disease. We demonstrate that a multivariable model controlling for all covariates that are being considered introduces bias and would make it impossible to identify the causal effect of PTSD on Parkinson’s disease. Conclusions: DAGs can help trauma researchers to understand when they can and when they cannot draw causal conclusions based on research data. This introduction to DAGs should help readers understand their use in the articles on marginal structural models, causal mediation analysis, and instrumental variable methods in this special section, Causal inference and agent-based modeling in trauma research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/s0955395923002268/) Caring for coca, living with chemicals: Towards ecological harm reduction
Oct 1st 2023, 23:09

Publication date: October 2023
Source: International Journal of Drug Policy, Volume 120
Author(s): Tim Rhodes, Linda Sofía Ordoñez, Camilo Acero, Magdalena Harris, Adam Holland, Francisco Gutiérrez Sanín
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/jech-2023-220540v1/) Multidimensional energy poverty and acute respiratory infection in children under 5 years of age: evidence from 22 low-income and middle-income countries
Oct 1st 2023, 23:09

Background
In low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), energy poverty has predominantly been studied from the unidimensional perspective of indoor air pollution. Acute respiratory infection (ARI) in children under 5 years of age is the most important disease associated with indoor air pollution attributable to solid fuel use in LMICs. This study aimed to extend the existing knowledge on the association between energy poverty and ARI among children under 5 years of age in LMICs, by adopting a multidimensional perspective.
Methods
Using Demographic and Health Surveys from 22 LMICs, data from 483 088 children were analysed (mean age 2.00 years (SD 1.41); 51.3% male). Energy poverty was measured using the Multidimensional Energy Poverty Index (MEPI) (range 0–1), which comprises five dimensions of essential energy services. Binary logistic regression models were conducted to study the association between MEPI and ARI, adjusting for child, maternal, household and environmental characteristics.
Results
A 0.1 increase in MEPI score was associated with greater odds of ARI (aOR 1.05; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.07). Likewise, MEPI indicators using biomass for cooking (aOR 1.15; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.23) and lack of access to electricity (aOR 1.17; 95% CI 1.10 to 1.26), entertainment/education appliances (aOR 1.07; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.13) and household appliances (aOR 1.12; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.21) were associated with greater odds of ARI.
Conclusion
Multidimensional energy poverty was associated with greater odds of ARI in children under 5 years of age living in 22 LMICs. Hence, our findings justify the design and implementation of interventions that address energy poverty from a multidimensional perspective, integrating energy affordability and accessibility.

(https://jech.bmj.com/content/early/2023/08/24/jech-2023-220540?rss=1) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/funding/application-centric-peer-review/) Application-centric peer review
Oct 1st 2023, 23:01

The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/funding/application-centric-peer-review/) Application-centric peer review was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/15248399231193005/) Substance Use and Mental Health Screening Within an Emergency Department-Based HIV Screening Program: Outcomes From 1 Year of Implementation
Oct 1st 2023, 22:46

Health Promotion Practice, Ahead of Print. IntroductionThe emergency department (ED) may be an optimal setting to screen for substance use disorders (SUDs) and co-occurring psychiatric disorders (CODs). We report on the frequency of problematic substance use and comorbid elevated mental health symptoms detected during a 1-year implementation period of an ED-based SUD/COD screening approach within an established ED HIV screening program.MethodsPatients (N = 1,924) were approached by dedicated HIV screening staff in an urban, Midwestern ED. Patients first completed measures assessing problematic alcohol (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Concise [AUDIT-C]) and substance use across 10 categories of substances (National Institute on Drug Abuse–Modified Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test [NIDA-Modified ASSIST]). Patients with positive alcohol and/or substance use screens completed measures assessing symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 [GAD-7]), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (PTSD Checklist-Civilian [PCL-C]).ResultsPatients were predominantly male (60.3%) with a mean age of 38.1 years (SD = 13.0); most identified as White (50.8%) or Black (44.8%). A majority (58.5%) had a positive screen for problematic alcohol and/or other substance use. Of those with a positive substance use screen (n = 1,126), 47.0% had a positive screen on one or more of the mental health measures with 32.1% endorsing elevated depressive symptoms, 29.6% endorsing elevated PTSD-related symptoms, and 28.5% endorsing elevated anxiety symptoms.ConclusionsAmong those receiving ED HIV screening, a majority endorsed problematic alcohol and/or other substance use and co-occurring elevated mental health symptoms. Substance use and mental health screening programs that can be integrated within other ED preventive services may enhance the identification of individuals in need of further assessment, referral, or linkage to substance use treatment services.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/15248399231193005?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/15248399231193005/) Substance Use and Mental Health Screening Within an Emergency Department-Based HIV Screening Program: Outcomes From 1 Year of Implementation was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/guidelines-plus/guidance-and-tools-for-conducting-an-early-action-review-ear-rapid-performance-improvement-for-outbreak-detection-and-response/) Guidance and tools for conducting an early action review (EAR): rapid performance improvement for outbreak detection and response
Oct 1st 2023, 21:58

The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/guidelines-plus/guidance-and-tools-for-conducting-an-early-action-review-ear-rapid-performance-improvement-for-outbreak-detection-and-response/) Guidance and tools for conducting an early action review (EAR): rapid performance improvement for outbreak detection and response was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/13684302231187870/) Secret disclosure and social relationships in groups
Oct 1st 2023, 21:46

Group Processes &Intergroup Relations, Ahead of Print. Personal secrets are a ubiquitous fact of group life, but the conditions under which they are revealed have not been explored. In five studies, we assessed secret disclosure in groups governed by four models of human sociality (Communal Sharing, Equality Matching, Authority Ranking, Market Pricing; Fiske). In Studies 1a and 1b, participants indicated their willingness to disclose secrets in hypothetical groups governed by the models. In Studies 2a and 2b, participants rated how much a group in which they disclosed secrets or nonsecrets is governed by the models. In Study 3, participants indicated their disclosure of various types of secrets in Communal Sharing and Equality Matching groups to which they belonged. Across studies, disclosure was most strongly associated with Communal Sharing, followed by Equality Matching. Study 3 further showed that identity fusion predicted disclosure in these two kinds of groups. Implications for understanding disclosure of personal secrets in group contexts were discussed.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/13684302231187870?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/13684302231187870/) Secret disclosure and social relationships in groups was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/00491241231192383/) Comparing Methods for Estimating Demographics in Racially Polarized Voting Analyses
Oct 1st 2023, 21:23

Sociological Methods &Research, Ahead of Print. We consider the cascading effects of researcher decisions throughout the process of quantifying racially polarized voting (RPV). We contrast three methods of estimating precinct racial composition, Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG), fully Bayesian BISG, and Citizen Voting Age Population (CVAP), and two algorithms for performing ecological inference (EI), King’s EI and EI:RxC using eiCompare. Using data from two different elections we identify circumstances in which different combinations of methods produce divergent results, comparing against ground-truth data where available. We first find that BISG outperforms CVAP at estimating racial composition, though fully Bayesian BISG does not yield further improvements. Next, in a statewide election, we find that all combinations of methods yield similarly reliable estimates of RPV. However, county-level analyses and results from a non-partisan school board election reveal that BISG and CVAP produce divergent estimates of Black preferences in elections with low turnout and few precincts. Our results suggest that methodological choices can meaningfully alter conclusions about RPV, particularly in smaller, low-turnout elections.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00491241231192383?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/00491241231192383/) Comparing Methods for Estimating Demographics in Racially Polarized Voting Analyses was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/clinical-trials/virtual-reality-for-mental-well-being-in-older-people-with-physical-disabilities/) Virtual Reality for Mental Well-being in Older People With Physical Disabilities
Oct 1st 2023, 21:03

The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/clinical-trials/virtual-reality-for-mental-well-being-in-older-people-with-physical-disabilities/) Virtual Reality for Mental Well-being in Older People With Physical Disabilities was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/02654075231198441/) Balancing friends and romance: Associations between men’s investment in peer relationships and romantic relationship quality
Oct 1st 2023, 20:41

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, Ahead of Print. Romantic and peer relationships both contribute to overall well-being; however, each demand time and emotional investment that may give rise to competition. Little is known about how men, in particular, balance these relationships. We explored the extent to which men’s investments in peer relationships are associated with romantic relationship quality. We further examined differences between fathers and non-fathers. Data were from five annual waves of the Men and Parenting Pathways cohort study (N = 608). Participants were men in committed relationships (n = 526) aged 28-32 years at baseline (M = 29.91, SD = 1.3). In cross-sectional, linear regressions, estimated using Generalised Estimating Equations (GEE; to account for repeated waves), we investigated peer network investments, (1) time (hours) spent with peers, (2) close network size, and (3) extended network size, and their associations with romantic relationship quality, self-reported using the Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Inverted U-shaped associations were found for time spent with peers and close network size, whereby increases in investment were associated with improved relationship quality up to a “tipping point”, following which declines in quality are observed. For extended social networks, the association was linear, such that larger networks were linked to higher romantic relationship quality; however, this association was only evident in fathers. Investing too little or too much in peer relationships may adversely impact the quality of men’s relationships with romantic partners. Supporting men, and particularly fathers, to maintain appropriate investment in peer networks may have benefits for their romantic relationships.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/02654075231198441?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/02654075231198441/) Balancing friends and romance: Associations between men’s investment in peer relationships and romantic relationship quality was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

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Michael Reeder LCPC
Baltimore, MD

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