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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/news/study-finds-improved-prison-reentry-programs-could-help-flatten-rate-of-opioid-overdose-deaths/) Study finds improved prison reentry programs could help flatten rate of opioid overdose deaths
Aug 24th 2023, 15:21

“For people who use drugs and have been in prison for several years, the reentry period can be chaotic and disorienting,” said Dr. Grant Victor, an Assistant Professor in the Rutgers School of Social Work and lead author of the study published in the Journal of Offender Rehabilitation.
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/news/study-finds-improved-prison-reentry-programs-could-help-flatten-rate-of-opioid-overdose-deaths/) Study finds improved prison reentry programs could help flatten rate of opioid overdose deaths was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/s10935-023-00737-z/) How Specific is Alcohol-Specific Self-Control? A Longitudinal Study of the Mediating Role of Alcohol-Specific Self-Control in the Relation Between General Self-Control and Adolescent Alcohol Use
Aug 24th 2023, 15:01

Abstract
Although accumulating studies indicate that alcohol-specific self-control can be useful in predicting adolescent alcohol use, little is known about its specificity. This longitudinal study aimed to advance our understanding of domain-specific self-control by examining whether alcohol-specific self-control mediates the effect of general self-control on adolescent alcohol use or has generalizing effects by also mediating the effect of general self-control on other behavior requiring self-control (adolescent digital media use and smoking). Data from 906 adolescents aged 11–14 years who were enrolled in the Dutch study Prevention of Alcohol Use in Students were used. Data were collected using online questionnaires at four annual measurements. Structural equation modelling revealed that higher alcohol-specific self-control fully mediated the effect of higher general self-control on alcohol use. Alcohol-specific self-control did not mediate the effect of higher general self-control on digital media use, but did partially mediate the effect of higher general self-control on smoking. These results suggest that alcohol-specific self-control is domain-specific, but not necessarily substance-specific. The domain-specificity of alcohol-specific self-control provides evidence for its theoretical relevance for the explanation of adolescent alcohol use. It also suggests leverage points for intervention programs focusing on improving alcohol-specific self-control to reduce adolescent alcohol use.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10935-023-00737-z?error=cookies_not_supported&code=db1a507c-ae1a-494f-bfbe-8c28d4be1a78) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/s10935-023-00737-z/) How Specific is Alcohol-Specific Self-Control? A Longitudinal Study of the Mediating Role of Alcohol-Specific Self-Control in the Relation Between General Self-Control and Adolescent Alcohol Use was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/02703149-2023-2226016/) Exposure Therapy with a First-Generation, Latino Transgender Man: A Dialectical Behavior and Feminist Therapy Framework
Aug 24th 2023, 14:29

Volume 46, Issue 2, 2023. 
(https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02703149.2023.2226016?ai=1sl&mi=754lm4&af=R) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/02703149-2023-2226016/) Exposure Therapy with a First-Generation, Latino Transgender Man: A Dialectical Behavior and Feminist Therapy Framework was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/open-access-journal-articles/s12960-023-00847-z-2/) Changes in work conditions and well-being among healthcare professionals in long-term care settings in the Netherlands during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study
Aug 24th 2023, 13:11

Healthcare professionals working in long-term care facilities reported heavy job demands and a lack of job resources during the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. However, how job demands and resour…
(https://human-resources-health.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12960-023-00847-z) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/open-access-journal-articles/s12960-023-00847-z-2/) Changes in work conditions and well-being among healthcare professionals in long-term care settings in the Netherlands during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/s0022399923002957/) Body surface area and vitiligo hue: Quality of life and depression, anxiety, stress symptoms
Aug 24th 2023, 13:01

Publication date: September 2023
Source: Journal of Psychosomatic Research, Volume 172
Author(s): Yogender Kumar Malik, Shefali Singla, Surabhi Dayal, Rajiv Gupta
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022399923002957?dgcid=rss_sd_all) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/open-access-journal-articles/26334895231189198/) The adaptation and fidelity tool to support social service practitioners in balancing fidelity and adaptations: Longitudinal, mixed-method evaluation study
Aug 24th 2023, 12:46

Implementation Research and Practice, Volume 4, Issue , January-December 2023. Background Evidence-based interventions (EBIs) seldom fit seamlessly into a setting and are often adapted. The literature identifies practitioners’ management of fidelity and adaptations as problematic but offers little guidance. This study aimed to investigate practitioners’ perceptions of the feasibility and usability of an intervention aimed to support them in fidelity and adaptation management when working with EBIs.MethodsThe intervention, the adaptation and fidelity tool (A-FiT), was developed based on the literature, along with input from social service practitioners and social services’ Research and Development units’ personnel. The intervention consisted of two workshops where the participants were guided through a five-step process to manage fidelity and adaptations. It was tested in a longitudinal mixed-method intervention study with 103 practitioners from 19 social service units in Stockholm, Sweden. A multimethod data collection was employed, which included interviews at follow-up, questionnaires at baseline and follow-up (readiness for change and self-rated knowledge), workshop evaluation questionnaires (usability and feasibility) after each workshop, and documentation (participants’ notes on worksheets). To analyze the data, qualitative content analysis, Kruskal–Wallis tests, and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were performed.ResultsOverall, the practitioners had a positive perception of the intervention and perceived it as relevant for fidelity and adaptation management (mean ratings over 7.0 on usability and feasibility). The workshops also provided new knowledge and skills to manage fidelity and adaptations. Furthermore, the intervention provided insights into the practitioners’ understanding about adaptation and fidelity through a more reflective approach.ConclusionPractical tools are needed to guide professionals not only to adhere to intervention core elements but also to help them to manage fidelity and adaptation. The proposed A-FiT intervention for practitioners’ management of both fidelity and adaptation is a novel contribution to the implementation literature. Potentially, the next step is an evaluation of the intervention’s impact in an experimental design.Plain Language SummaryThis study describes practitioners’ perceptions of an intervention that aims to support them in fidelity and adaptation management when working with evidence-based interventions (EBIs). This is an important issue because social services practitioners are expected to use EBIs that seldom fit seamlessly into a specific setting and are often adapted. The practitioners perceived the intervention as relevant for their fidelity and adaptation management and states that it helped them develop a plan and increased their knowledge on the topic. Professionals require practical guiding tools not only to adhere to intervention content but also to balance them with fidelity and adaptation. This proposed intervention for practitioners’ management of both fidelity and adaptation is a novel contribution to the implementation literature. We propose that researchers further evaluate this intervention as a potential next step.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/26334895231189198?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/meta-analyses-systematic-reviews/13811118-2022-2071660/) A Systematic Review of Training Interventions for Emergency Department Providers and Psychosocial Interventions delivered by Emergency Department Providers for Patients who self-harm
Aug 24th 2023, 12:38

Volume 27, Issue 3, July-September 2023, Page 829-850. 
(https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13811118.2022.2071660?ai=1a6&mi=79r7c4&af=R) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/meta-analyses-systematic-reviews/13811118-2022-2071660/) A Systematic Review of Training Interventions for Emergency Department Providers and Psychosocial Interventions delivered by Emergency Department Providers for Patients who self-harm was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/monographs-edited-collections/feelings-and-work-in-modern-history-emotional-labour-and-emotions-about-labour/) Feelings and Work in Modern History: Emotional Labour and Emotions about Labour
Aug 24th 2023, 12:14

The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/monographs-edited-collections/feelings-and-work-in-modern-history-emotional-labour-and-emotions-about-labour/) Feelings and Work in Modern History: Emotional Labour and Emotions about Labour was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/open-access-journal-articles/s12961-023-01025-2/) Origin, impacts, and potential solutions to the fragmentation of the Mexican health system: a consultation with key actors
Aug 24th 2023, 12:12

One of the central debates in health policy is related to the fragmentation of health systems. Fragmentation is perceived as a major obstacle to UHC. This article presents the results of a consultation with a …
(https://health-policy-systems.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12961-023-01025-2) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/grey-literature/dq230727b-eng-htm/) Police-reported crime statistics in Canada, 2022
Aug 24th 2023, 12:12

The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/grey-literature/dq230727b-eng-htm/) Police-reported crime statistics in Canada, 2022 was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/s10880-023-09967-z/) MMPI-2-RF Profiles of Treatment-Seeking Veterans in a VA Pain Clinic and Associations with Markers of Physical Performance
Aug 24th 2023, 12:01

Abstract
Chronic pain is a debilitating condition for many military Veterans and is associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study examined the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) in 144 Veterans (88.2% male, mean age = 57.95 years) recruited from a VA outpatient pain clinic and associations with self-reported pain severity, pain-related interference in daily activities, prescription opioid use, and objective metrics of physical performance on tasks impacted by pain (walking, stair climbing, grip strength, indexed by a single latent variable). Among the cohort with valid responses on the MMPI-2-RF (n = 117) and probable PTSD, mean Somatic Complaints (RC1) and Ideas of Persecution (RC6) scores were clinically elevated. All MMPI-2-RF scales were more strongly correlated with self-reported pain interference than severity. Regressions revealed associations between self-rated pain interference (but not pain or PTSD severity) and physical performance scores (β = .36, p = .001). MMPI-2-RF overreporting Validity and Higher-Order scales contributed incremental variance in predicting physical performance, including Infrequent Psychopathology Responses (β = .33, p = .002). PTSD severity was associated with prescription opioid use when accounting for the effects of over-reported somatic and cognitive symptoms (odds ratio 1.05, p ≤ .025). Results highlight the role of symptom overreporting and perceptions of functional impairment to observable behaviors among individuals with chronic pain.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10880-023-09967-z?error=cookies_not_supported&code=bb01815d-d001-4bfd-9ed4-f43fdae956fd) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/lhb0000535/) The relationship between victim impact statements and judicial decision making: An archival analysis of sentencing outcomes.
Aug 24th 2023, 11:48

Law and Human Behavior,  Vol 47(4), Aug 2023, 484-498; doi:10.1037/lhb0000535
Objective: Victim impact statements (VISs) are testimonies that convey the emotional, physical, and financial harm that victims have suffered as the result of a crime. Although VISs are often presented to the court at sentencing, it is unclear whether they impact judicial decisions regarding sentencing. Hypotheses: We did not have any formal a priori hypothesis but instead examined five research questions. The first two explored whether the relationship between the victim and the offender, as well as the type of crime, was associated with differences in the likelihood of VIS submission. The following two explored whether the presence of a VIS was associated with differences in sentencing outcomes (incarceration, probation, ancillary orders, parole eligibility). The final research question explored whether the number of VISs and the delivery format (oral vs. written) was associated with differences in sentencing outcomes. Method: We coded and analyzed 1,332 sentencing rulings across Canada from 2016 to 2018 that included the phrase “impact statement.” We coded for 87 variables, including information about the VIS, the victims and offenders, crime type, and sentencing outcomes. Results: Overall, VISs are more likely to be delivered in cases in which the crime is more severe. Once we controlled for the type of crime, sentencing outcomes were unrelated to the presence of VISs. Sentences were longer when VISs were delivered orally than in written format and when more than one statement was submitted. Conclusions: The relationship between VISs and sentencing outcomes is closely tied to several extralegal factors and should be investigated further. This research offers insight into the mechanics of victim evidence at sentencing. The findings of this study have implications for lawyers, researchers, judges, victims, offenders, and other stakeholders in our legal systems. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/uncategorized/social-security-ssi-monthly-statistics-july-2023/) Social Security: SSI Monthly Statistics, July 2023
Aug 24th 2023, 11:21

The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/uncategorized/social-security-ssi-monthly-statistics-july-2023/) Social Security: SSI Monthly Statistics, July 2023 was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/s10862-023-10079-z/) Measuring Stress Among Black Adolescents: Validation of Perceived Stress Scale
Aug 24th 2023, 11:06

Abstract
The aim of this study was to validate the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), a widely used measure of stress, among Black adolescents. Using a sample of 1,170 Black adolescents from the National Survey of American Life – Adolescent Supplement, the study evaluated the factor structure and cross-gender measurement invariance of two versions of the PSS, the 14-item and 10-item versions. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to determine the factor structure of PSS. Multigroup CFA was carried out to test the measurement invariance of the PSS across genders. The findings support previous research in adults, indicating a two-dimensional factor structure for both versions of the PSS. Item 12 had a low loading on the theoretical factor in the PSS-14 and was removed in later analyses. In addition, the results showed that the two-factor model of PSS was invariant across gender suggesting that observed gender differences may not be attributed to gender bias. The findings also suggest that scores on the PSS are linked to Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) among Black adolescents. The findings suggest that PSS is a valid tool to assess perceived stress among Black adolescents; however, researchers and practitioners should not ignore the multi-dimensional nature of the scale.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10862-023-10079-z) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/s10862-023-10081-5/) The Impact of Caregiving for Children with Special Healthcare Needs on Negative Affect, Quality of Life, and Trait Mindfulness
Aug 24th 2023, 11:06

Abstract
Informal caregivers of children with special healthcare needs (SHCN) are at risk for negative affect and poor quality of life (QOL). Inherent, or trait, mindfulness is thought to attenuate stress, depression, and anxiety (negative affect) and improve QOL. We aimed to investigate differences between caregiver groups (caregivers of children with and without SHCN), while exploring the effects of trait mindfulness on the relationship between caregiver group, QOL, and negative affect. A cross-sectional design was used with 120 informal caregivers of children with and without SHCN. Analysis included independent samples t-tests for between group differences and PROCESS Macro (Model 4) with 5000 bootstrapping was used to test the indirect effect of trait mindfulness on negative affect and QOL. Informal caregivers of children with SHCN had poorer negative affect, QOL, and lower levels of trait mindfulness than those caring for typically developing, healthy children. Trait mindfulness was found to significantly affect the relationship between caregiver group and QOL and partially accounted for the relation between caregiver group and negative affect individually in simple mediation models. Trait mindfulness may explain why some caregivers have higher levels of negative affect and worse QOL than others. Future research should explore the effects of severity of the child’s illness and caregiver gender on affect and QOL. Moreover, mindfulness in combination with other protective factors such as social support should be explored to gain a more complete understanding of how we can protect the wellbeing of those caring for vulnerable children.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10862-023-10081-5) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/s10578-022-01337-4/) COVID-19 Related Stressors, Parent–Child Relationship, and Alcohol Use and Mental Health Profiles Among White and Hispanic/Latinx First-Year College Students
Aug 24th 2023, 11:04

Abstract
Transitioning to college during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may increase risk for alcohol use and mental health problems. We examined how COVID-19 related stressors and parent–child relationships are independently and interactively associated with alcohol use and mental health profiles in a sample of first-year college students (N = 425, 34.8% Hispanic/Latinx; 74.9% female) who completed an online survey in October 2020. Latent profile analysis identified four profiles: well-adjusted (53.2%), mental health problems only (21.6%), alcohol use only (17.4%), and comorbid (7.8%). COVID-19 related stressful events increased risk of being in the alcohol use only and comorbid profiles, whereas COVID-19 related worries increased risk of being in the mental health problems only profile. Parent–child relationship quality lowered risk of being in the mental health problems only and the comorbid profiles. In addition, parent–child relationship quality moderated the role of COVID-19 related worries such that COVID-19 related worries were associated with lower odds of being in the comorbid profile when parent–child relationship quality was high but not when parent–child relationship quality was low. Strengthening parent–child relationship quality appears important for promoting college students’ well-being.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10578-022-01337-4) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/s10608-023-10416-2/) Compassion Questionnaires: Scales Development and Validation
Aug 24th 2023, 11:04

Abstract

Purpose
Previous compassion scales measured correlates or consequences of compassion, included mindfulness in their definition and do not fully operationalize the affective, cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal skills involved in cultivating compassion. The proposed Compassion Questionnaires towards Self (CQS) and Others (CQO) aim to operationalize compassion towards self and others by grounding them in affective, cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal dimensions with each representing a set of skills that can be cultivated through training and practice.

Methods
Based on the proposed theoretical approach, the CQS and CQO items were developed through consultations with a panel of eight graduate students and a group of ten experts in the field. A series of three studies were conducted to validate the questionnaires and test their clinical utility.

Results
Results from the three studies suggested the merging of the affective and cognitive dimensions, yielding three independent dimensions for both the CQS and CQO. These findings were additionally supported by convergent and discriminant evidence. In addition, results suggested that CQS and CQO subscales’ scores are moderately associated with mindfulness measures and are sensitive to mindfulness training or meditation practice and experience.
Conclusions.
The CQS and CQO are the first questionnaires that operationalize compassion towards self and others as sets of affective, cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal skills/abilities that are independent from mindfulness, and they have important theoretical and practical implications. Limitations as well as theoretical and practical implications of the CQS and CQO are thoroughly discussed.

(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10608-023-10416-2) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/s10608-023-10410-8/) Avoidant Automatic Thoughts are Associated with Task Avoidance and Inattention in the Moment
Aug 24th 2023, 11:04

Abstract

Purpose
Research and clinical attention in psychology has focused heavily on negative automatic thoughts and their role in symptoms of psychopathology and maladaptive behavior; however, the role of thoughts that appear to be overly positive in content has received much less attention. Recent work in the cognitive-behavioral treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has identified overly positive thoughts that may be associated with avoidance and functional impairment.

Method
We defined, described, and measured Avoidant Automatic Thoughts (AAT) in the daily lives of 101 undergraduate students using ecological momentary assessment and tested hypotheses about the association of these thoughts with ADHD symptoms and in-the-moment avoidance and negative emotion. Data were collected at baseline and up to three times per day for six days and analyzed using multilevel modeling.

Results
We found that AAT were frequent daily occurrences for the undergraduates in our sample and that recent presence of AAT was associated with greater task avoidance and inattentive symptoms at the momentary level. AAT were not, however, associated with momentary negative emotion. Participants’ general level of ADHD symptoms predicted greater momentary AAT, task avoidance, negative emotion and negative thoughts and less positive emotion.

Conclusions
This study introduces AAT as a construct with potential research and clinical utility for understanding, predicting, and intervening in problematic avoidance behaviors that reduce people’s quality of life and prevent them from reaching their meaningful goals.

(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10608-023-10410-8) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/s10508-023-02663-x/) Type of Exchange Sex and Associated Behaviors and Outcomes Among Cisgender Men and Women at Increased Risk for HIV via Heterosexual Transmission in Six U.S. Metropolitan Areas
Aug 24th 2023, 11:03

Abstract
Exchange sex is associated with sexual risk behaviors and poor outcomes and different types may incur different levels of risk. We assessed risk profiles of different types of exchange sex among non-injecting cisgender men and women who participated in the 2019 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance project at six sites. Six percent of men and 19% of women reported exchange sex in the past year; most engaged in non-commercial exchange sex for drugs/money with smaller percentages reporting formal sex work or non-commercial exchange sex for goods or services other than drugs/money. Exchange sex was associated with sexual risk and prevention behaviors and psychosocial and sexual health outcomes and associations varied by type of exchange sex. Efforts to improve access to STI/HIV testing and PrEP may benefit from tailoring based on type of exchange sex. Findings indicate value in a broader definition of exchange sex with follow-up assessment of exchange sex typology.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-023-02663-x) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/s10508-023-02662-y/) The Viewing Reaction Time as a Diagnostic Tool of Pedohebephilia in the Dunkelfeld
Aug 24th 2023, 11:03

Abstract
Diagnosing pedohebephilia is fraught with obstacles given the tabooed nature of this sexual preference. The viewing reaction time effect (VRT) provides a non-intrusive indirect measure of sexual interest in minors. In forensic populations, the ability of the difference between the latencies while viewing child and adult sexual stimuli (VRT index) to discern child sexual offenders from a range of control groups has been ascertained meta-analytically. Given that the effect has been studied almost exclusively in forensic samples, its dependence or independence on prior overt (deviant) sexual behavior remains unclear. The present study sought to examine the relationship of prior sexual and non-sexual behaviors with the VRT in a sample of 282 self-referring, help-seeking men with and without pedohebephilia with and without a history of prior child sexual offenses (CSO) or a use of child sexual abuse materials (CSAM) recruited outside a forensic context. We found that (1) the clinical diagnosis of pedohebephilia but not prior CSO or CSAM showed a significant association with the VRT index; (2) the discriminatory ability of the VRT index did not differ significantly between samples with and without a history of prior overt sexual behavior with children; (3) the VRT index correlated positively with a behavioral marker of pedohebephilia in a subsample of individuals with prior judicially detected or undetected overt sexual behavior with children; and (4) in the same subsample, the VRT index correlated positively with markers of sexual interests in minors or hypersexuality but not of antisociality. Equivalence testing failed to refute a potential effect of prior sexual behavior on the VRT index. Our study showed that the VRT may provide an unintrusive diagnostic tool for pedohebephilia. The effect of prior overt sexual behavior with children needs further examination.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-023-02662-y) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/s12671-023-02193-6/) The State- and Trait-Level Effects and Candidate Mechanisms of Four Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) Practices: Two Exploratory Studies
Aug 24th 2023, 11:03

Abstract

Objectives
The primary aim was to explore state- and trait-level effects and candidate mechanisms of four Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) practices.

Method
One hundred sixty adults self-selected from the general population were randomized to one of four mindfulness practices: body scan, mindful movement, breath and body, and befriending. Study 1 explored state-level self-compassion, mindfulness, decentering (mechanisms), and pleasantness of thoughts, emotions, and body sensations at multiple time points using two single mindfulness sessions. Study 2 explored trait-level self-compassion, mindfulness, decentering, interoceptive awareness, attentional control (mechanisms), anxiety, depression, and psychological quality of life pre-post 2 weeks of daily practice.

Results
In study 1, state-level effects were demonstrated in all candidate mechanisms and outcomes within the whole sample across time points (d = 0.27 to 0.86), except for state decentering. After controlling for pre-scores and additional covariates, no between-group effects were found (p = 0.050 to 0.973). In study 2, trait-level effects were demonstrated in psychological quality of life and most candidate mechanisms within the whole sample (d = 0.26 to 0.64) but no between-group effects were found (p = 0.080 to 0.805). Within the whole sample, after controlling for pre-scores, changes in mindfulness, self-compassion, decentering, and interoceptive awareness (i.e. body listening) were associated with improvements in psychological quality of life (r = 0.23 to 0.40) and self-led mindfulness practice (r = 0.18 to 0.23).

Conclusions
Future research should test the generated hypotheses using well-designed, adequately powered, and theory-driven studies that address universal and specific mechanisms in different populations and contexts.

Pre-registration
This study is not pre-registered.

(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12671-023-02193-6) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/s12671-023-02193-6/) The State- and Trait-Level Effects and Candidate Mechanisms of Four Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) Practices: Two Exploratory Studies was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/s12671-023-02203-7/) Decentering Mindfulness: Toward Greater Meditative Diversity in Global Public Health
Aug 24th 2023, 11:03

Abstract
In this commentary on “Mindfulness for Global Public Health: Critical Analysis and Agenda,” the authors affirm Oman’s emphasis on the need for alternative religious-derived meditative programs and interventions, placed alongside Buddhist-derived mindfulness, for global public health. To begin, we highlight areas of agreement with Oman, then provide a metaphor we believe fittingly captures the current dilemma faced by those ambitiously attempting to globalize mindfulness for public health. Next, we advocate for the decentering of mindfulness, via developing and distributing evidence-based meditative practices derived from other religions, so public health strategies can be more diverse for global consumption. To do so, we offer examples from our own efforts to operationalize and experimentally investigate meditative and contemplative practices housed within the millennia-old Christian religious tradition for contemporary Christian communities experiencing psychological and spiritual suffering. Such examples include contemplation within the classic Medieval work The Cloud of Unknowing, the Jesus Prayer in Eastern Orthodox Christianity, Puritan meditation in Protestant Christianity, and Ignatian meditation and contemplation in Catholic Christianity. To conclude, we offer basic steps for the further development of such alternative religious-derived meditative practices, along with a more detailed account of a recent empirical study of our own. Overall, our hope is to promote greater meditative diversity in the noble pursuit of global public health, with mindfulness offered alongside a plethora of other religious meditative practices, which can provide local communities around the world with a broader range of worldview-dependent and -sensitive options.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12671-023-02203-7) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/s12671-023-02203-7/) Decentering Mindfulness: Toward Greater Meditative Diversity in Global Public Health was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/s12671-023-02195-4/) Neurophysiological Signatures of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction in Adults with Autism: Putative Mechanism of Anxiety Alleviation
Aug 24th 2023, 11:03

Abstract

Objectives
Mindfulness-based therapies can reduce depression and anxiety in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms have yet to be fully characterized. While mindfulness-related improvements are theorized to be derived from alterations to resting-state networks—especially within the default mode network (DMN)—in other clinical populations, it is unclear if changes in DMN neurophysiology relate to symptom reduction in autistic adults.

Method
In this randomized controlled trial, 96 adults with ASD were assigned to either a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) or a social support and relaxation education (SE) active control group. Resting-state electroencephalography recordings and self-report questionnaires assessing depression (BDI-2) and trait anxiety (STAI-2) were collected before and after the 8-week intervention to examine neurophysiological correlates of DMN activity—namely, gamma and high beta (beta-2) power across midline electrodes.

Results
Spectral power analysis of neurophysiological signatures of DMN activity from 62 participants (MBSR n=29; SE n=33) identified distinct MBSR-induced reductions in frontal and parietal gamma power and frontal beta-2 power relative to the SE group. Both MBSR and SE groups showed reductions in central beta-2 and gamma-band power, suggestive of an overlapping mechanism. MBSR-specific decreases in parietal gamma power were associated with alleviation of anxiety symptoms.

Conclusions
Findings suggest distinct neurophysiological correlates of mindfulness training implicating the DMN and point to a potential anxiolytic mechanism in adults with ASD.

Preregistration
NCT04017793

(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12671-023-02195-4) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/s12671-023-02195-4/) Neurophysiological Signatures of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction in Adults with Autism: Putative Mechanism of Anxiety Alleviation was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/s10802-023-01110-8/) Integrating Biobehavioral and Environmental Components of Developmental Psychopathology via Interpersonal Dynamics: An RDoC-Advancing Model
Aug 24th 2023, 11:02

Abstract
Although the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDoC) framework proposes biological and environmental mechanisms intersect in the etiology of psychopathology, there is no guidance on how to define or measure experiences in the environment within the RDoC matrix. Interpersonal dynamics during caregiver–child interactions involve temporal coordination of interacting partners’ biobehavioral functioning; repeated experiences of signaling to caregivers and responding to caregivers’ signals shape children’s subsequent socioemotional and brain development. We begin with a review of the extant literature on caregiver-child dynamics, which reveals that RDoC’s units of analysis (brain circuits, physiology, behavior, and self-report) are inextricably linked with moment-to-moment changes in the caregiving environment. We then offer a proof-of-concept for integrating biobehavioral RDoC units and environmental components via caregiver-child dynamics. Our approach uses dynamic structural equation models to estimate within-dyad dynamics involving arousal, social, cognitive, and negative or positive affective processes based on second-by-second changes in parasympathetic activity (RSA) during a conflict discussion and a positive event-planning task. Our results illustrate variation in parent–child RSA synchrony, suggesting differences depending on the driver (i.e., child- or parent-led) and on the unique and intersecting domains involved (e.g., positive or negative affect valence systems). We conclude with recommendations for conducting robust, methodologically rigorous studies of interpersonal dynamics that advance the RDoC framework and provide a summary of the clinical implications of this research. Examining caregiver-child dynamics during and across multiple dyadic interaction paradigms that differentially elicit key domains of functioning can deepen understanding of how caregiver- and child-led interpersonal dynamics contribute to child psychopathology risk.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10802-023-01110-8) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/s10802-023-01110-8/) Integrating Biobehavioral and Environmental Components of Developmental Psychopathology via Interpersonal Dynamics: An RDoC-Advancing Model was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/s10802-023-01109-1/) Longitudinal Study of Early Adversity and Disturbing Dream Frequency: Moderating Role of Early Negative Emotionality
Aug 24th 2023, 11:02

Abstract
Although disturbing dreams are prevalent in youth and are associated with psychopathology, little is known about their developmental course and risk factors. We aimed to examine the association between early social environment and subsequent disturbing dream frequency across adolescence as moderated by early negative emotionality. Measures of children’s early social environment and negative emotionality were collected from the mothers of 410 children (5–42 months old) and measures of disturbing dream frequency directly from the children (13–18 years old). Preliminary steps identified subgroups of families with distinct profiles of social environment using latent variable mixture modeling, and captured changes in disturbing dream frequency using latent growth modeling. Regression and moderation analyses were conducted to test the study objectives. Results showed that the diverse family patterns were best captured by two profiles reflecting adverse and positive social environments and that overall disturbing dream frequency decreased during adolescence. Moderation analyses showed that when early negative emotionality was higher, DD frequency was not only more elevated in an adverse environment, but lower in a positive environment. These results indicate that the development of disturbing dreams is most strongly associated with a combination of individual and environment factors. Our study adds to the literature by refining our conception of individual traits and disturbing dream development and has implications for the prevention of bad dreams, nightmares, and associated psychopathologies.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10802-023-01109-1) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/s10802-023-01109-1/) Longitudinal Study of Early Adversity and Disturbing Dream Frequency: Moderating Role of Early Negative Emotionality was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/s10802-023-01111-7/) Dimensions of Warm Parenting Attributions Differentiate Conduct Problem Subtypes in Young Children
Aug 24th 2023, 11:02

Abstract
Understanding the developmental psychopathology of child conduct problems (CP) has been advanced by differentiating subtypes based on levels of internalizing problems (INT) and/or callous-unemotional (CU) traits (i.e., low empathy/guilt, poor motivation, shallow/deficient affect). The current study sought to elucidate prior inconsistencies in the role of warm/positive and harsh/negative parenting subcomponents in CP by differentiating subtypes on the basis of INT and CU traits. Parents of 135 young children (M age = 4.21 years, SD = 1.29) referred to specialty clinics for the treatment of CP completed pre-treatment measures of parenting and rated their child’s levels of CP, INT, and CU traits. Results of planned comparisons revealed that mothers of children classified as secondary CU variants (high CU/ high INT) reported fewer overall warm attributions toward their child, compared with CP-only (low CU) children. They also reported a more negative dyadic relationship characterized by feelings of anger/hostility, active avoidance and/or a desire to do harm to their child relative to primary CU variants (high CU/ low INT). Mothers of primary CU variants attributed fewer good and altruistic intentions towards others in their child, relative to CP-only children. Subtypes were undifferentiated on observed positive and negative parenting behaviors, indicative of a disconnect between parenting behaviors and cognitions for mothers of children high on CU traits. Findings are discussed in relation to their theoretical and practice implications, and in guiding future research.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10802-023-01111-7) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/s10802-023-01111-7/) Dimensions of Warm Parenting Attributions Differentiate Conduct Problem Subtypes in Young Children was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/s13428-023-02209-y/) Modeling item revisiting behavior in computer-based testing: Exploring the effect of item revisitations as collateral information
Aug 24th 2023, 11:02

Abstract
Item revisiting behavior is one of the most frequently occurring test-taking strategies, and it can decrease test anxiety and improve test validity. Examinees either confirm the initial answers due to persistence of their beliefs or change to different answers after careful rethought on each part of the questions. Item revisiting sequences as collateral information reveal the examinees’ underlying psychological processes, such as motivation, effort, and engagement, which supports policy makers in taking further steps to facilitate instructions for the examinees. Item revisiting behavior is commonly correlated with the latent traits of examinees, and it needs to be properly analyzed in order to make valid statistical inference. In this paper, we proposed a novel item revisiting model, in which a monotonicity assumption is considered based on the observation that examinees are more likely to revisit the current item if more revisiting behavior occurs previously. Three simulation studies were conducted: (1) to evaluate the performance of the proposed Bayesian estimation algorithm for the new model; (2) to show that ignoring item revisiting sequences induces biased parameter estimates; (3) to assess the model fit of the proposed model with the ignorable and nonignorable item revisiting behavior assumptions. The results indicate that item revisiting behavior can be effectively utilized in conjunction with responses and response times to improve parameter estimation precision. A real data example is provided to illustrate the application of the proposed model.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13428-023-02209-y) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/s13428-023-02209-y/) Modeling item revisiting behavior in computer-based testing: Exploring the effect of item revisitations as collateral information was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/s10648-023-09803-8/) Effortful Tests and Repeated Metacognitive Judgments Enhance Future Learning
Aug 24th 2023, 11:01

Abstract
Prior testing can facilitate subsequent learning, a phenomenon termed the forward testing effect (FTE). We examined a metacognitive account of this effect, which proposes that the FTE occurs because retrieval leads to strategy optimizations during later learning. One prediction of this account is that tests that require less retrieval effort (e.g., multiple-choice relative to cued-recall) should lead to a smaller benefit on new learning. We examined the impact of interpolated multiple-choice or cued-recall testing (relative to no prior testing) on new learning of a four-section STEM text passage. The effect sizes associated with the FTE were numerically, though not significantly larger when the prior tests were cued-recall than multiple-choice, but only when interpolated judgments of learning were not queried. Further, when multiple-choice tests were made more difficult through lure similarity, the FTE was similarly increased. Finally, the FTE was eliminated entirely when participants provided four JOLs after reading each text section. We believe this elimination of the FTE stemmed from an increase in performance for the control participants induced by reactivity from repeated metacognitive queries requiring deep metacognitive reflection. Taken together, these experiments support a metacognitive account of FTE and have important implications for how educators and students should employ retrieval practice and leverage the benefits of metacognitive reflection to improve new learning.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10648-023-09803-8) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/s10648-023-09803-8/) Effortful Tests and Repeated Metacognitive Judgments Enhance Future Learning was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/s10648-023-09802-9/) Abstract Vocabulary Development: Embodied Theory and Practice
Aug 24th 2023, 11:00

Abstract
This article reviews the embodied theoretical basis for the meaningful learning of abstract vocabulary and reviews selected educational programs that are theoretically based and have both success and promise for abstract vocabulary development. Abstract vocabulary is a mainstay of academic vocabulary, but its nature and educational development are not well understood. From the perspective of embodied cognition and neuropsychology, the meaning and development of abstract words are based on nonverbal sensory, sensorimotor, and affective evocations as elaborated by verbal contextual associations both abstract and concrete. Developmental psychometric studies suggest a mutual relationship between nonverbal reasoning and increasingly abstract vocabulary that is a basis of the developing intellect. Although abstract vocabulary is typically learned through exposure to rich oral language and wide reading, direct instruction is also vital for many students. Educational interventions consistent with this nonverbal-verbal embodied theoretical account have been shown to be effective in learning academic vocabulary in general and abstract vocabulary in particular. However, more research is needed in both theory and practice.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10648-023-09802-9) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/s10648-023-09802-9/) Abstract Vocabulary Development: Embodied Theory and Practice was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/s10648-023-09797-3/) The Role of Mental Effort in Students’ Perceptions of the Effectiveness of Interleaved and Blocked Study Strategies and Their Willingness to Use Them
Aug 24th 2023, 11:00

Abstract
Students tend to avoid effective but effortful study strategies. One potential explanation could be that high-effort experiences may not give students an immediate feeling of learning, which may affect their perceptions of the strategy’s effectiveness and their willingness to use it. In two experiments, we investigated the role of mental effort in students’ considerations about a typically effortful and effective strategy (interleaved study) versus a typically less effortful and less effective strategy (blocked study), and investigated the effect of individual feedback about students’ study experiences and learning outcomes on their considerations. Participants learned painting styles using both blocked and interleaved studying (within-subjects, Experiment 1, N = 150) or either blocked or interleaved studying (between-subjects, Experiment 2, N = 299), and reported their study experiences and considerations before, during, and after studying. Both experiments confirmed prior research that students reported higher effort investment and made lower judgments of learning during interleaved than during blocked studying. Furthermore, effort was negatively related to students’ judgments of learning and (via these judgments) to the perceived effectiveness of the strategy and their willingness to use it. Interestingly, these relations were stronger in Experiment 1 than in Experiment 2, suggesting that effort might become a more influential cue when students can directly compare experiences with two strategies. Feedback positively affected students’ considerations about interleaved studying, yet not to the extent that they considered it more effective and desirable than blocked studying. Our results provide evidence that students use effort as a cue for their study strategy decisions.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10648-023-09797-3) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/s10648-023-09797-3/) The Role of Mental Effort in Students’ Perceptions of the Effectiveness of Interleaved and Blocked Study Strategies and Their Willingness to Use Them was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

Forwarded by:
Michael Reeder LCPC
Baltimore, MD

 

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