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<td><span style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size:20px;font-weight:bold;">NYU Information for Practice Daily Digest (Unofficial)</span></td>
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<td><a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/10944281231210481/" style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing:-1px;margin:0;padding:0 0 2px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;line-height: 20px;color:#222;">The Generalized Thurstonian Unfolding Model (GTUM): Advancing the Modeling of Forced-Choice Data</a>
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<p>Organizational Research Methods, Ahead of Print. <br>Forced-choice (FC) measurement has become increasingly popular due to its robustness to various response biases and reduced susceptibility to faking. Although several current Item Response Theory (IRT) models can extract normative person scores from FC responses, each has its limitations. This study proposes the Generalized Thurstonian Unfolding Model (GTUM) as a more flexible IRT model for FC measures to overcome these limitations. The GTUM (1) adheres to the unfolding response process, (2) accommodates FC scales of any block size, and (3) manages both dichotomous and graded responses. Monte Carlo simulation studies consistently demonstrated that the GTUM exhibited good statistical properties under most realistic conditions. Particularly noteworthy findings include (1) the GTUM’s ability to handle FC scales with or without intermediate statements, (2) the consistently superior performance of graded responses over dichotomous responses in person score recovery, and (3) the sufficiency of 10 mixed pairs to ensure robust psychometric performance. Two empirical examples, one with 1,033 responses to a static version of the Tailored Adaptative Personality Assessment System and the other with 759 responses to a graded version of the Forced-Choice Five-Factor Markers, demonstrated the feasibility of the GTUM to handle different types of FC scales. To aid in the practical use of the GTUM, we also developed the R package “fcscoring.”</p>
<p><a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/10944281231210481?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Read the full article ›</a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/10944281231210481/">The Generalized Thurstonian Unfolding Model (GTUM): Advancing the Modeling of Forced-Choice Data</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p>
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<td><a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/open-access-journal-articles/can-welfare-states-buffer-technostress-income-and-technostress-in-the-context-of-various-oecd-countries/" style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing:-1px;margin:0;padding:0 0 2px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;line-height: 20px;color:#222;">Can welfare states buffer technostress? Income and technostress in the context of various OECD countries</a>
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<p><p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/open-access-journal-articles/can-welfare-states-buffer-technostress-income-and-technostress-in-the-context-of-various-oecd-countries/">Can welfare states buffer technostress? Income and technostress in the context of various OECD countries</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p></p>
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<td><a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/02685809231200799/" style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing:-1px;margin:0;padding:0 0 2px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;line-height: 20px;color:#222;">Moral dilemmas in food provisioning: Inflation, the claim for ‘just prices’ and for ‘fair wages’</a>
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<p>International Sociology, Ahead of Print. <br>The cost of living we envision here stems from an interpretation of the ‘cost of living’ phrase which addresses (1) macro indicators of inflation, (2) the difference between farm gate price and consumer price as a cost to farmers that endangers their viability, and (3) how this cost transfers to the wages of workers and endangers their livelihood. Finally, (4) we wish to highlight that the energy that needs to be invested to assure social reproduction at the scale of individuals and households – workers and employers in agriculture – and at the scale of entire political communities such as the nation-state or the European Union, is translated into moral dilemmas that mediate and produce material results – in people’s bodies, in the environment, in political mobilizations of different kinds. The ‘cost of living’ here expands into the multiple and situated meanings of what it costs to live and the practices that they support.</p>
<p><a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/02685809231200799?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Read the full article ›</a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/02685809231200799/">Moral dilemmas in food provisioning: Inflation, the claim for ‘just prices’ and for ‘fair wages’</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p>
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<td><a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/0044118x231205927/" style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing:-1px;margin:0;padding:0 0 2px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;line-height: 20px;color:#222;">The Role of School Context Factors for Gender Role Attitudes: General and Differential Associations Between Female and Male Adolescents</a>
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<p>Youth &Society, Ahead of Print. <br>During adolescence, socialization of gender role attitudes (GRA) shifts from parents to peers, friends, and classmates; thus, it takes place primarily in the school context. Accordingly, previous studies identified school-related factors associated to adolescents’ GRA. However, little is known about the relative importance of these factors as well as about the factors’ differences between females’ and males’ GRA. This study investigates the relevance of several school factors on adolescents’ GRA and gender differences. Using data from the German National Educational Panel Study (N = 10,866), the results show that attending a higher educational school type, higher classmates’ socio-economic background, lower proportion of female classmates, and more egalitarian classmates’ GRA are related to more individual egalitarian GRA. Furthermore, the relation between classmates’ GRA and individual GRA is more pronounced for males than females. The study further discusses starting points for possible interventions.</p>
<p><a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0044118X231205927?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Read the full article ›</a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/0044118x231205927/">The Role of School Context Factors for Gender Role Attitudes: General and Differential Associations Between Female and Male Adolescents</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p>
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<td><a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/grey-literature/uaw-agreement-strengthens-retirement-security/" style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing:-1px;margin:0;padding:0 0 2px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;line-height: 20px;color:#222;">UAW Agreement Strengthens Retirement Security</a>
<div style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align:left;color:#999;font-size:11px;font-weight:bold;line-height:15px;">Dec 22nd 2023, 12:52</div>
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<h2><em>How unusual is a 10-percent 401(k) contribution – with no required employee contribution?</em></h2>
<p>A reporter asked recently what I thought of the new 401(k) contribution rate in the United Auto Workers (UAW) agreement with Ford, General Motors, and Stellantis. The companies have agreed to increase their 401(k) contributions from 6.4 percent 10 percent of pay – with no required employee contribution. Is that generous? </p>
<p>First, my framework for judging any worker/management deal is the pattern of wage growth since 1979. Median earnings for full-time year-round male workers in 2022 were $62,350 compared to $60,360 in 1979 (both figures in 2022$). That is, in terms of real buying power, the earnings of men in the middle of the pack working full time have remained virtually unchanged for more than 50 years (see Figure 1).</p>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"></figure><p>So, I rejoice at any development that raises the compensation of these workers – especially in light of the enormous concessions that the UAW made in 2007 when the companies were teetering, and the record earnings of the automakers in recent years. Anyone hired after the 2007 contract became a “second-tier” employee with lower wages and benefits – importantly, their retirement coverage shifted from the defined benefit plan to a 401(k). Indeed, restoring the defined benefit plan was on the UAW’s list of demands.</p>
<p>While the automakers did not agree to restoring the defined benefit plan, they did concede to a 25-percent increase in wages, the reinstatement of cost-of-living adjustments, a more rapid path to top wages, and significantly enhanced retirement benefits. For those in the defined benefit plan, the automakers agreed to a $5 credit each month for each year of service – that is, a worker with 25 years of service would receive $125 more per month. For those hired after the 2007 contract, they agreed to increase the contribution to the 401(k) plan.</p>
<p>In terms of the specific question about the 10-percent contribution to the 401(k), data from Vanguard suggest that the contribution is higher than that provided by most other employers. First, it is unusual for a company to provide solely a nonmatching contribution – just two percent of plan participants received one in 2022 (see Table 1).</p>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" width="1024" height="267" src="https://ifp.nyu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Table-1_UAW.jpg" alt="Table showing the types of employer contributions, 2022" class="wp-image-45754" srcset="https://crr.bc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Table-1_UAW-1024x267.jpg 1024w, https://crr.bc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Table-1_UAW-300x78.jpg 300w, https://crr.bc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Table-1_UAW-768x200.jpg 768w, https://crr.bc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Table-1_UAW-1536x400.jpg 1536w, https://crr.bc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Table-1_UAW-1568x408.jpg 1568w, https://ifp.nyu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Table-1_UAW.jpg 2044w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px"></figure><p>Second, for those employers offering only a nonmatching contribution, only 5 percent of participants were in plans that offered a contribution of 9 percent or more (see Figure 2).</p>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" width="1024" height="684" src="https://ifp.nyu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Figure-2_UAW.jpg" alt="Bar graph showing the plans offering only a nonmatching 401(k) contribution, value of contributions by percentage of participants" class="wp-image-45755" srcset="https://crr.bc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Figure-2_UAW-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https://crr.bc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Figure-2_UAW-300x200.jpg 300w, https://crr.bc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Figure-2_UAW-768x513.jpg 768w, https://crr.bc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Figure-2_UAW-1536x1027.jpg 1536w, https://crr.bc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Figure-2_UAW-1568x1048.jpg 1568w, https://ifp.nyu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Figure-2_UAW.jpg 2044w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px"></figure><p>The final question is how the value of the employer contribution varies across type of contribution. In the case of nonmatching, the value is simply the percentage contributed. In the case of matching contributions, the value is calculated as the maximum amount promised by the employer. For example, a match of $0.50 per dollar on the first 6 percent of pay promises a 3-percent contribution from the employer. This calculation somewhat overstates the value of the matching contribution, since only two-thirds received the full employer matching contribution. Nevertheless, the pattern suggests that some participants in plans where the employer provides both a matching and nonmatching contribution may enjoy combined employer contributions comparable to those provided by the auto companies. But overall, the 10-perent non-matching contribution is definitely at the high end of plan providers.</p>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" width="1024" height="235" src="https://ifp.nyu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Table-2_UAW.jpg" alt="Table showing the median value of promised employer contributions by type of employer match, 2022" class="wp-image-45756" srcset="https://crr.bc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Table-2_UAW-1024x235.jpg 1024w, https://crr.bc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Table-2_UAW-300x69.jpg 300w, https://crr.bc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Table-2_UAW-768x177.jpg 768w, https://crr.bc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Table-2_UAW-1536x353.jpg 1536w, https://crr.bc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Table-2_UAW-1568x361.jpg 1568w, https://ifp.nyu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Table-2_UAW.jpg 2044w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px"></figure><p>In my view, this is good news. </p>
<p><a href="https://crr.bc.edu/uaw-agreement-strengthens-retirement-security/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Read the full article ›</a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/grey-literature/uaw-agreement-strengthens-retirement-security/">UAW Agreement Strengthens Retirement Security</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p>
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<td><a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/monographs-edited-collections/suicide-in-schools-a-practitioners-guide-to-multi-level-prevention-assessment-intervention-and-postvention-2nd-edition/" style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing:-1px;margin:0;padding:0 0 2px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;line-height: 20px;color:#222;">Suicide in Schools A Practitioner’s Guide to Multi-level Prevention, Assessment, Intervention, and Postvention (2nd Edition)</a>
<div style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align:left;color:#999;font-size:11px;font-weight:bold;line-height:15px;">Dec 22nd 2023, 12:37</div>
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<p><p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/monographs-edited-collections/suicide-in-schools-a-practitioners-guide-to-multi-level-prevention-assessment-intervention-and-postvention-2nd-edition/">Suicide in Schools A Practitioner’s Guide to Multi-level Prevention, Assessment, Intervention, and Postvention (2nd Edition)</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p></p>
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<td><a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/15248399231206081/" style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing:-1px;margin:0;padding:0 0 2px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;line-height: 20px;color:#222;">Virtual Workshops as an Effective and Engaging Policy Implementation Strategy: Lessons From the National Youth Sports Strategy</a>
<div style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align:left;color:#999;font-size:11px;font-weight:bold;line-height:15px;">Dec 22nd 2023, 12:32</div>
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<p>Health Promotion Practice, Ahead of Print. <br>Background.Implementation is an important piece of effective policymaking, but connecting local organizations with federal policy can be challenging. A virtual workshop structure can help engage implementation partners, especially when in-person events are not possible. The workshops described here leveraged virtual outreach and facilitation methods to foster community engagement, forge connections, and build relationships at the regional, state, and local levels.Methods.This article focuses on five virtual workshops. The planning phase consisted of selecting the geographic scope of each workshop, developing outreach and facilitation materials, and supporting event logistics. The execution and summary phase included tailoring materials, hosting the events, and producing follow-up materials. Networking, resource sharing, collaboration, and active facilitation were employed to promote engagement.Results.Registration for the virtual workshops included 223 individuals representing organizations in 28 states. Participants shared 133 resources. In a post-event evaluation, 93% of respondents indicated they could identify at least one new resource to support their efforts to increase youth sports participation in their community, and 94% indicated they plan to follow up and explore potential partnerships/collaborations with others they met or heard from at the workshop. Networking and resource sharing were identified as the most useful aspects of the workshops.Conclusions.With careful planning and collaboration, virtual workshops represent a useful community engagement mechanism to bring policy into practice. Creating events focused on the participant experience supports health promotion professionals, engages communities, and takes a policy off the page and out to the people.</p>
<p><a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/15248399231206081?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Read the full article ›</a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/15248399231206081/">Virtual Workshops as an Effective and Engaging Policy Implementation Strategy: Lessons From the National Youth Sports Strategy</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p>
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<td><a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/02654075231211617/" style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing:-1px;margin:0;padding:0 0 2px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;line-height: 20px;color:#222;">Need to belong, daily social engagement, and transient loneliness in late life</a>
<div style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align:left;color:#999;font-size:11px;font-weight:bold;line-height:15px;">Dec 22nd 2023, 12:31</div>
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<p>Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, Ahead of Print. <br>Social experiences are of great importance in late life, and the need to belong may play a key role in shaping those experiences. A higher need to belong may motivate older adults to maintain a wide variety of social connections (e.g., family ties, friends, acquaintances, group engagement), yet may also lead to higher risks of feeling unsatisfied and lonely. However, little research examines how the need to belong may shape older adults’ social life in the daily context. This study examines the associations between older adults’ need to belong, daily social engagement, and transient loneliness in their everyday life. Older adults (N = 299) aged 65–89 completed the Need to Belong Scale, measures of their social networks, and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) surveys for five to six days. At each three-hour assessment, they reported in-person and phone contact with a variety of social partners (e.g., family, friends, acquaintances, etc.), whether they engaged in a social group, and rated their feelings of loneliness. In multilevel models, the need to belong did not predict the variety of partners encountered in-person or by phone, but predicted a greater likelihood of engagement with social groups. Older adults with a higher need to belong reported that they felt lonelier at three-hour intervals throughout the day, but this association was attenuated when they had in-person encounters with a greater variety of social partners. Group engagement was associated with feeling less lonely, whereas phone communication was associated with feeling more lonely, regardless of the need to belong. The findings suggest that social engagement with a variety of types of social partners may help satisfy older adults’ need to belong, and highlight the unique benefits that in-person contact (vs. phone contact) and group engagement may confer to mitigate older adults’ loneliness.</p>
<p><a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/02654075231211617?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Read the full article ›</a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/02654075231211617/">Need to belong, daily social engagement, and transient loneliness in late life</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p>
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<td><a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/15381927231206403/" style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing:-1px;margin:0;padding:0 0 2px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;line-height: 20px;color:#222;">Latino Men’s Sense of Belonging Experiences in a Community College Developmental Mathematics Classroom</a>
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<p>Journal of Hispanic Higher Education, Ahead of Print. <br>Using a phenomenological approach, we examined the sense of belonging for first-generation Latino men enrolled in a developmental mathematics course at a Hispanic-Serving Institution. The focus was on faculty-student interactions that fostered a sense of belonging. Data were collected through individual, semistructured interviews. Participants revealed specific instructor practices and qualities that created a sense of belonging. The results inform faculty on experiences that create a sense of belonging within a mathematics classroom.</p>
<p><a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/15381927231206403?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Read the full article ›</a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/15381927231206403/">Latino Men’s Sense of Belonging Experiences in a Community College Developmental Mathematics Classroom</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p>
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<td><a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/21662630-2016-1202124-2/" style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing:-1px;margin:0;padding:0 0 2px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;line-height: 20px;color:#222;">Adolescent patients’ perspectives on rapid-refeeding: a prospective qualitative study of an inpatient population</a>
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<p>Volume 4, Issue 3, November 2016, Page 277-292<br>. </p>
<p><a href="https://staging.www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21662630.2016.1202124?ai=14hr7&mi=79r7c4&af=R" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Read the full article ›</a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/21662630-2016-1202124-2/">Adolescent patients’ perspectives on rapid-refeeding: a prospective qualitative study of an inpatient population</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p>
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<td><a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/podcasts/wellbeing-resilience-and-peer-support/" style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing:-1px;margin:0;padding:0 0 2px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;line-height: 20px;color:#222;">Wellbeing, resilience and peer support</a>
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<p><p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/podcasts/wellbeing-resilience-and-peer-support/">Wellbeing, resilience and peer support</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p></p>
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<td><a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/video/excel-tool-tutorial-1-introduction-to-the-tool-2/" style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing:-1px;margin:0;padding:0 0 2px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;line-height: 20px;color:#222;">Excel Tool Tutorial #1: Introduction to the Tool</a>
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<p></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/video/excel-tool-tutorial-1-introduction-to-the-tool-2/">Excel Tool Tutorial #1: Introduction to the Tool</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p>
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<td><a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/open-access-journal-articles/a-qualitative-study-of-healthy-eating-physical-activity-and-mental-health-among-single-mothers-in-canada/" style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing:-1px;margin:0;padding:0 0 2px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;line-height: 20px;color:#222;">A qualitative study of healthy eating, physical activity, and mental health among single mothers in Canada</a>
<div style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align:left;color:#999;font-size:11px;font-weight:bold;line-height:15px;">Dec 22nd 2023, 10:13</div>
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<p><p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/open-access-journal-articles/a-qualitative-study-of-healthy-eating-physical-activity-and-mental-health-among-single-mothers-in-canada/">A qualitative study of healthy eating, physical activity, and mental health among single mothers in Canada</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p></p>
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<td><a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/meta-analyses-systematic-reviews/s12888-023-05290-x/" style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing:-1px;margin:0;padding:0 0 2px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;line-height: 20px;color:#222;">Rehospitalisation rates after long-term follow-up of patients with severe mental illness admitted for more than one year: a systematic review</a>
<div style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align:left;color:#999;font-size:11px;font-weight:bold;line-height:15px;">Dec 22nd 2023, 10:12</div>
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<h3 class="a-plus-plus">Abstract</h3>
<p> <span class="a-plus-plus abstract-section id-a-sec1"></span></p>
<h3 class="a-plus-plus">Aims</h3>
<p class="a-plus-plus">This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of studies on the outcomes of long-term hospitalisation of individuals with severe mental illness, considering readmission rates as the primary outcome.</p>
<p> <br><span class="a-plus-plus abstract-section id-a-sec2"></span></p>
<h3 class="a-plus-plus">Methods</h3>
<p class="a-plus-plus">Studies considered were those in which participants were aged between 18 and 64 years with severe mental illness; exposure to psychiatric hospitals or wards was long-term (more than one year); primary outcomes were readmission rates; secondary outcomes were duration of readmission, employment, schooling, and social participation; and the study design was either observational or interventional with a randomised controlled trial (RCT) design. Relevant studies were searched using MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, and the Japan Medical Abstract Society. The final search was conducted on 1 February 2022. The risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions was used to assess the methodological quality. A descriptive literature review is also conducted.</p>
<p> <br><span class="a-plus-plus abstract-section id-a-sec3"></span></p>
<h3 class="a-plus-plus">Results</h3>
<p class="a-plus-plus">Of the 11,999 studies initially searched, three cohort studies (2,293 participants) met the eligibility criteria. The risk of bias in these studies was rated as critical or serious. The 1–10 years readmission rate for patients with schizophrenia who had been hospitalised for more than one year ranged from 33 to 55%. The average of readmission durations described in the two studies was 70.5 ± 95.6 days per year (in the case of a 7.5-year follow-up) and 306 ± 399 days (in the case of a 3–8-year follow-up). None of the studies reported other outcomes defined in this study.</p>
<p> <br><span class="a-plus-plus abstract-section id-a-sec4"></span></p>
<h3 class="a-plus-plus">Conclusions</h3>
<p class="a-plus-plus">The readmission rates in the included studies varied. Differences in the follow-up period or the intensity of community services may have contributed to this variability. In countries preparing to implement de-institutionalisation, highly individualised community support should be designed to avoid relocation to residential services under supervision. The length of stay for readmissions was shorter than that for index admissions. The results also imply that discharge to the community contributes to improved clinical outcomes such as improved social functioning. The validity of retaining patients admitted because of the risk of rehospitalisation was considered low. Future research directions have also been discussed.</p>
<p> </p>
<p><a href="https://rd.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12888-023-05290-x?error=cookies_not_supported&code=7115a802-070f-4df4-9abf-6f952b057e17" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Read the full article ›</a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/meta-analyses-systematic-reviews/s12888-023-05290-x/">Rehospitalisation rates after long-term follow-up of patients with severe mental illness admitted for more than one year: a systematic review</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p>
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<td><a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/guidelines-plus/navigating-book-bans-a-guide-for-educators-as-efforts-intensify-to-censor-books/" style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing:-1px;margin:0;padding:0 0 2px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;line-height: 20px;color:#222;">Navigating Book Bans: A guide for educators as efforts intensify to censor books</a>
<div style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align:left;color:#999;font-size:11px;font-weight:bold;line-height:15px;">Dec 22nd 2023, 10:12</div>
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<p><p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/guidelines-plus/navigating-book-bans-a-guide-for-educators-as-efforts-intensify-to-censor-books/">Navigating Book Bans: A guide for educators as efforts intensify to censor books</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p></p>
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<td><a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/news/incredible-leadership-u-of-t-provost-cheryl-regehr-leaves-an-enduring-legacy/" style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing:-1px;margin:0;padding:0 0 2px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;line-height: 20px;color:#222;">‘Incredible leadership’: U of T provost Cheryl Regehr leaves an enduring legacy</a>
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<p>Dr. Regehr was first appointed vice-president and provost in September 2013, before being reappointed in January 2015 and one more time in January 2020 – racking up awards and honours along the way. She previously served as vice-provost, academic programs and as dean of the Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, where she has been a faculty member since 1999.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/news/incredible-leadership-u-of-t-provost-cheryl-regehr-leaves-an-enduring-legacy/">‘Incredible leadership’: U of T provost Cheryl Regehr leaves an enduring legacy</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p>
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<td><a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/02692163231206998/" style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing:-1px;margin:0;padding:0 0 2px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;line-height: 20px;color:#222;">Trauma-informed palliative care is needed: A call for implementation and research</a>
<div style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align:left;color:#999;font-size:11px;font-weight:bold;line-height:15px;">Dec 22nd 2023, 09:31</div>
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<p>Palliative Medicine, Ahead of Print. </p>
<p><a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/02692163231206998?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Read the full article ›</a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/02692163231206998/">Trauma-informed palliative care is needed: A call for implementation and research</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p>
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<td><a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/grey-literature/2023-ahar-part-1-pit-estimates-of-homelessness-in-the-u-s/" style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing:-1px;margin:0;padding:0 0 2px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;line-height: 20px;color:#222;">2023 AHAR: Part 1 – PIT Estimates of Homelessness in the U.S.</a>
<div style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align:left;color:#999;font-size:11px;font-weight:bold;line-height:15px;">Dec 22nd 2023, 09:23</div>
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<p><p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/grey-literature/2023-ahar-part-1-pit-estimates-of-homelessness-in-the-u-s/">2023 AHAR: Part 1 – PIT Estimates of Homelessness in the U.S.</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p></p>
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<td><a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/13684302231200168/" style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing:-1px;margin:0;padding:0 0 2px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;line-height: 20px;color:#222;">Investigation of gender bias in the mental imagery of faces</a>
<div style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align:left;color:#999;font-size:11px;font-weight:bold;line-height:15px;">Dec 22nd 2023, 08:32</div>
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<p>Group Processes &Intergroup Relations, Ahead of Print. <br>People tend to think of the prototypical person as a man more than as a woman, but this bias has primarily been observed in language-based tasks. Here, we investigated whether this bias is also present in the mental imagery of faces. A preregistered cross-cultural reverse-correlation study including participants from six WEIRD and non-WEIRD countries varying in gender equality (i.e., China, Ghana, Norway, Pakistan, Turkey, and the US; N = 645) unexpectedly suggested that people imagine the face of a generic “person” more as a woman than as a man. Replicating this unexpected result, a second preregistered study (N = 115) showed that U.S. participants imagine the face of a typical person as being more similar to their imagined face of a woman than of a man. We discuss explanations for these unexpected findings, including the possibility that the prototypical person is male-biased—consistent with previous work—but the default face may be female-biased.</p>
<p><a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/13684302231200168?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Read the full article ›</a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/13684302231200168/">Investigation of gender bias in the mental imagery of faces</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p>
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<td><a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/02654075231211359/" style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing:-1px;margin:0;padding:0 0 2px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;line-height: 20px;color:#222;">Learning and teaching care within the family: Experiential learning reflecting informal teaching</a>
<div style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align:left;color:#999;font-size:11px;font-weight:bold;line-height:15px;">Dec 22nd 2023, 08:31</div>
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<p>Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, Ahead of Print. <br>The present study investigated how caregivers in Finland and the US recount learning and teaching care within the family, drawing on a new educational-psychological framework for care. This study applied thematic analysis to seven focus groups in the US and five focus groups in Finland composed of caregivers (N = 45). The results suggest one main theme for learning, Imperfect Mirroring of Past Parenting and Present Parenting Practice, and two themes for teaching: Actions Tell More Than Words (US) and Teaching Them To be Independent and Caring Citizens (Finland). For learning, the findings indicate that childhood experiences are transformed into an informal guide for how care should (or should not) be practiced, highlighting how the lack of systematization in learning care contributes to caregivers’ need for self-teaching and unlearning what they experienced. In addition, caregivers tend to reproduce their learning experiences in teaching to care, and within this process, they focus more on pragmatic aspects of care. The various elements theorized in the Psycho-educational Framework of Care used, including identifying and anticipating others’ needs and deciding on the responsibility of addressing needs, were neglected in caregivers’ reports of teaching care. Implications argue in favor of psycho-educational programs for caregivers that can systematically address two pressing issues in learning-teaching care – the complexity involved in care processes and understanding the intersubjective nature of the construction of caring relationships.</p>
<p><a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/02654075231211359?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Read the full article ›</a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/02654075231211359/">Learning and teaching care within the family: Experiential learning reflecting informal teaching</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p>
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<td><a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/02692163231209845/" style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing:-1px;margin:0;padding:0 0 2px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;line-height: 20px;color:#222;">Perspectives of inpatients with palliative care needs, their families, clinicians and key stakeholders on measuring quality of hospital care via patient experience measures: A qualitative study</a>
<div style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align:left;color:#999;font-size:11px;font-weight:bold;line-height:15px;">Dec 22nd 2023, 07:31</div>
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<p>Palliative Medicine, Ahead of Print. <br>Background:Globally there are high numbers of patients with palliative care needs receiving care in hospitals. Patient reported experience measures (PREMs) provide useful data to guide improvement work. How to implement PREMs within palliative care populations is unclear.Aim:To explore the perspectives of inpatients with palliative care needs, their family members, and the clinical team regarding the use of a generic PREM as compared with a PREM designed for people with palliative care needs and related implementation factors.Design:A qualitative study was undertaken using semi-structured interviews and focus groups and integrated thematic analysis.Setting/participants:Inpatients with palliative care needs, their family members, and clinical team members were recruited from three wards in an Australian metropolitan hospital.Results:Twenty-seven interviews and three focus groups were conducted. Six themes emerged: (1) PREMs for people with palliative care needs ought to be tailored to the needs of this population; (2) PREMs should appraise whether the needs of families have been met in addition to those of patients; (3) PREMs for inpatients with palliative care needs ought to be easy to use, brief and incorporate space for free text alongside each question; (4) Implementation of PREMs for people with palliative care needs ought to consider who administers these, when and how often; (5) PREM data need to be specific enough to inform process change and/or care provision; (6) Patients and families require meaningful feedback to encourage PREM completion.Conclusions:This study provides practical guidance for PREM selection and implementation to inform improvements to care for inpatients with palliative care needs.</p>
<p><a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/02692163231209845?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Read the full article ›</a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/02692163231209845/">Perspectives of inpatients with palliative care needs, their families, clinicians and key stakeholders on measuring quality of hospital care via patient experience measures: A qualitative study</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p>
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<td><a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/news/how-much-school-are-illinois-students-in-foster-care-missing-the-state-doesnt-track/" style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing:-1px;margin:0;padding:0 0 2px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;line-height: 20px;color:#222;">How much school are Illinois students in foster care missing? The state doesn’t track.</a>
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<p>Each year, hundreds of children in the state’s foster care system get stuck in limbo — in psychiatric facilities, juvenile detention centers, or even social workers’ offices — as caseworkers try to find suitable placements. The problem has become so intractable that people in legal circles refer to it as “placement crisis docket.”</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/news/how-much-school-are-illinois-students-in-foster-care-missing-the-state-doesnt-track/">How much school are Illinois students in foster care missing? The state doesn’t track.</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p>
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<td><a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/0044118x231207973/" style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing:-1px;margin:0;padding:0 0 2px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;line-height: 20px;color:#222;">“We Know About Things Too”: Exploring the Labors of Love Involved in Cultivating Youth Voice in Online Youth Civic Engagement Programs With Youth of Color</a>
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<p>Youth &Society, Ahead of Print. <br>Online youth civic engagement programs are often designed to support the cultivation of youth voice, yet working with youth of color who are particularly skeptical of civic life takes a certain form of labor that often remains unexamined in the scholarship of youth civic engagement. Drawing on concepts of invisible, emotional, and relational labor and the work of critical race theory (CRT), this article examines what is often termed the “labor of love” that characterizes the behind-the-scenes work. Utilizing a critical ethnographic approach, we identify three stages in the labor of love involved in cultivating youth voice in five different online youth civic engagement programs as we sought to highlight youth voice, perspective, and expertise with local policymakers. We argue that the behind-the-scenes invisible, emotional, and relational labor needs to be better understood to address the barriers youth of color face in relation to gaining full access to democratic participation.</p>
<p><a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0044118X231207973?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Read the full article ›</a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/0044118x231207973/">“We Know About Things Too”: Exploring the Labors of Love Involved in Cultivating Youth Voice in Online Youth Civic Engagement Programs With Youth of Color</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p>
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<td><a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/open-access-journal-articles/older-migrants-perceptions-of-places-to-meet-insights-for-social-work-practice/" style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing:-1px;margin:0;padding:0 0 2px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;line-height: 20px;color:#222;">Older migrants’ perceptions of places to meet: Insights for social work practice</a>
<div style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align:left;color:#999;font-size:11px;font-weight:bold;line-height:15px;">Dec 22nd 2023, 07:27</div>
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<p><p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/open-access-journal-articles/older-migrants-perceptions-of-places-to-meet-insights-for-social-work-practice/">Older migrants’ perceptions of places to meet: Insights for social work practice</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p></p>
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<td><a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/15248399231206085/" style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing:-1px;margin:0;padding:0 0 2px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;line-height: 20px;color:#222;">Understanding Libraries as Part of the Rural Active Living Environment: Evidence From a Content Analysis of Library Facebook Posts Made in Summer 2022</a>
<div style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align:left;color:#999;font-size:11px;font-weight:bold;line-height:15px;">Dec 22nd 2023, 06:31</div>
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<p>Health Promotion Practice, Ahead of Print. <br>As both public health and public libraries continue to evolve, there are opportunities for collaboration focused on building policies, systems, and environments that support communities making healthy choices easy choices. Given the health disparities related to physical inactivity, such as diabetes and heart disease in rural America, public libraries within rural communities are emerging as important settings for health promotion and disease prevention. This study sought to better understand how rural libraries promote physical activity opportunities on Facebook. Based on a content analysis of Facebook posts of a random sample of 118 libraries made during the Summer of 2022, 47 of the 118 had at least one post related to physical activity and 42 had multiple posts. The most frequent offering was events or classes; libraries also supported physical activity by lending equipment and making changes to the built environment. This study provides evidence that some rural libraries are offering physical activity opportunities through community health partnerships, particularly for youth and families. Considering this evidence, public health professionals are encouraged to collaborate with local libraries to promote physical activity and advance rural health equity. Researchers are invited to continue to develop the evidence base around promoting physical activity with rural libraries.</p>
<p><a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/15248399231206085?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Read the full article ›</a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/15248399231206085/">Understanding Libraries as Part of the Rural Active Living Environment: Evidence From a Content Analysis of Library Facebook Posts Made in Summer 2022</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p>
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<td><a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/15291006231198193/" style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing:-1px;margin:0;padding:0 0 2px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;line-height: 20px;color:#222;">Stigma Toward Substance Dependence: Causes, Consequences, and Potential Interventions</a>
<div style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align:left;color:#999;font-size:11px;font-weight:bold;line-height:15px;">Dec 22nd 2023, 05:32</div>
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<p>Psychological Science in the Public Interest, Ahead of Print. <br>Substance dependence is a prevalent and urgent public health problem. In 2021, 60 million Americans reported abusing alcohol within the month prior to being surveyed, and nearly 20 million Americans reported using illegal drugs (e.g., heroin) or prescription drugs (e.g., opioids) for nonmedical reasons in the year before. Drug-involved overdose rates have been steadily increasing over the past 20 years. This increase has been primarily driven by opioid and stimulant use. Despite its prevalence, drug dependence is one of the most stigmatized health conditions. Stigma has myriad negative consequences for its targets, including limiting their access to employment and housing, disrupting interpersonal relationships, harming physical and mental health, and reducing help-seeking. However, because research on stigma toward people with substance use disorders (SUDs) is relatively sparse compared with research on stigma toward other mental illnesses, the field lacks a comprehensive understanding of the causes and consequences of SUD stigma. Moreover, it remains unclear how, if at all, these factors differ from other types of mental illness stigma. The goal of this review is to take stock of the literature on SUD stigma, providing a clear set of foundational principles and a blueprint for future research and translational activity.</p>
<p><a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/15291006231198193?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Read the full article ›</a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/15291006231198193/">Stigma Toward Substance Dependence: Causes, Consequences, and Potential Interventions</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p>
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<td><a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/15248399231207068/" style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing:-1px;margin:0;padding:0 0 2px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;line-height: 20px;color:#222;">Bag Lady: A Soulful and Scientific Reflection on Black Women’s Health</a>
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<p>Health Promotion Practice, Ahead of Print. <br>At the intersection of sexism and racism, Black women experience undue burden of poor health. Established literature in both scientific and artistic arenas archive health disparities facing Black women such as mental health and suicidality. Using poetry, this piece serves as a channel to express the joys and pains of the human experience as well as inspire healing and synergy through honest examination of societal structures. This mixed media artistry (intended to be sung and spoken) weaves together lyrical and literary works, featuring by quotes from Erykah Badu’s Bag Lady; Dr. Maya Angelou’s many works; Ntozake Shange’s for colored girls who have considered suicide / when the rainbow is enuf; and Dr. Melissa Harris-Perry’s Sister Citizen: Shame, Stereotypes, and Black Women in America. It ultimately articulates how to journey across the arc of triumph for well-being synergizing mind, body, and spirit.</p>
<p><a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/15248399231207068?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Read the full article ›</a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/15248399231207068/">Bag Lady: A Soulful and Scientific Reflection on Black Women’s Health</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p>
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<td><a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/open-access-journal-articles/the-impact-of-frailty-and-illness-perceptions-on-quality-of-life-among-people-living-with-hiv-in-greece-a-network-analysis/" style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing:-1px;margin:0;padding:0 0 2px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;line-height: 20px;color:#222;">The impact of frailty and illness perceptions on quality of life among people living with HIV in Greece: A network analysis</a>
<div style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align:left;color:#999;font-size:11px;font-weight:bold;line-height:15px;">Dec 22nd 2023, 05:14</div>
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<p><p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/open-access-journal-articles/the-impact-of-frailty-and-illness-perceptions-on-quality-of-life-among-people-living-with-hiv-in-greece-a-network-analysis/">The impact of frailty and illness perceptions on quality of life among people living with HIV in Greece: A network analysis</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p></p>
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<td><a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/grey-literature/rate-and-impact-of-climate-change-surges-dramatically-in-2011-2020/" style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing:-1px;margin:0;padding:0 0 2px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;line-height: 20px;color:#222;">Rate and impact of climate change surges dramatically in 2011-2020</a>
<div style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align:left;color:#999;font-size:11px;font-weight:bold;line-height:15px;">Dec 22nd 2023, 04:56</div>
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<p><p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/grey-literature/rate-and-impact-of-climate-change-surges-dramatically-in-2011-2020/">Rate and impact of climate change surges dramatically in 2011-2020</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p></p>
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<td><a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/news/scottish-parliament-petitions-committee-agrees-further-actions-in-support-of-social-work-bursary-petition/" style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing:-1px;margin:0;padding:0 0 2px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 19px;line-height: 20px;color:#222;">Scottish Parliament Petitions Committee agrees further actions in support of social work bursary petition</a>
<div style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align:left;color:#999;font-size:11px;font-weight:bold;line-height:15px;">Dec 22nd 2023, 04:34</div>
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<p><p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/news/scottish-parliament-petitions-committee-agrees-further-actions-in-support-of-social-work-bursary-petition/">Scottish Parliament Petitions Committee agrees further actions in support of social work bursary petition</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p></p>
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<p><strong>Forwarded by:<br />
Michael Reeder LCPC<br />
Baltimore, MD</strong></p>
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