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[Article Digests for Psychology & Social Work]

NYU Information for Practice Daily Digest (Unofficial)

 

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/news/jd-vances-blood-and-soil-nationalism-finds-its-target/) JD Vance’s Blood-and-Soil Nationalism Finds Its Target
Sep 16th 2024, 15:28

If Senator JD Vance of Ohio had a moral compass, a shred of decency or a belief in anything other than his own ambition and will-to-power, he would resign his Senate seat effective immediately, leave the presidential race and retire from public life, following a mournful apology for his ethical transgressions.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/13811118-2023-2227233/) Research on Youth Suicide and Sexual Orientation is Impacted by High Rates of Missingness in National Surveillance Systems
Sep 16th 2024, 15:21

Volume 28, Issue 3, July-September 2024, Page 791-799. 
(https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13811118.2023.2227233?ai=1a6&mi=79r7c4&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/infographics/suicide-rates-and-selected-county-level-factors-united-states-2022/) Suicide Rates and Selected County-Level Factors — United States, 2022
Sep 16th 2024, 15:06

The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/infographics/suicide-rates-and-selected-county-level-factors-united-states-2022/) Suicide Rates and Selected County-Level Factors — United States, 2022 was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/10957960241275629/) Union and Community at the Philadelphia Museum of Art
Sep 16th 2024, 14:39

New Labor Forum, Ahead of Print. 
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/10957960241275629?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/10778004241269846/) From Me-Search to We-Search: (Re)Imagining Mentorship and Intergenerational Relationships for Black Women in Leadership
Sep 16th 2024, 14:38

Qualitative Inquiry, Ahead of Print. This article examines the process of forming an intergenerational mentoring relationship among three Black women scholars at different levels of academic leadership in higher education. Over the course of a summer, we came together to critically examine how our collective journey as leaders shifted from “me-search” to “we-search.” In the spirit of Ubuntu or “I am because we are,” our we-search centers Black indigenous knowledge that honors a communal destiny and legacy where leadership and mentorship must be done in a collective. Thus, we used Black Feminist Action Research as a critical methodology that disrupts hegemony in inquiry, mentoring, and leadership. In a four-phased approach, we analyzed personal artifacts and narratives, grounded in radical Black feminist honesty. By conducting such qualitative “we-search,” we co-construct sites of healing and sanctuary and provide valuable insights and strategies for Black scholars and leaders.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/10778004241269846?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/10778004241269995/) Research as Healing: Reflections of a Teacher Educator of Color on Critical Race Praxis
Sep 16th 2024, 14:38

Qualitative Inquiry, Ahead of Print. Framed through the four tenets of Jayakumar and Adamian’s critical race praxis as educational research, this article explores how the Institute for Teachers of Color Committed to Racial Justice, a critical race professional development space, was supportive of the racial literacy growth and well-being of K-12 teachers of Color. The author additionally engages in a process of autoethnographic reflection to show how engaging in research and praxis in this way was also healing to her as a teacher educator of Color, helping her to mitigate the overwhelming whiteness of teacher education and advance racial justice in policy and practice.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/10778004241269995?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/20413866241267198/) Sustainability champions: A proactive perspective on the inter-organizational job design dynamics of sustainability implementation
Sep 16th 2024, 14:38

Organizational Psychology Review, Ahead of Print. Implementing sustainability is a complex and challenging process that requires the collaboration and commitment of multiple stakeholders within supply chains. Existing research has largely overlooked the role of individual employees who can act as change agents and proactively initiate and facilitate sustainability initiatives. In this paper, we propose a proactive job design perspective to understand how these sustainability champions can balance the demands and resources related to sustainability in and across organizations. We suggest that they can use a combination of self- and partner-focused sustainability regulation strategies to influence the sustainability resources of their supply chain partners and create inter-organizational Job Demands-Resources dynamics that can enhance or hinder sustainability implementation. We develop a set of propositions that can guide future research on this topic and offer practical implications for organizations that want to foster employee proactivity and sustainability in their supply chains.Plain Language Summary TitleSustainability Champions: How Employees can Redesign their Work Environment to Implement Sustainability in Supply Chains.Plain Language SummaryAlthough most people agree that sustainability is a critical issue, it appears to be rather difficult to integrate sustainability in supply chains because multiple players have to change their behaviors, it is generally costly, and people lack the resources that are needed to make a difference. In the current paper, we focus on the role of individual employees in this process and describe what they can do to work more sustainably. We propose that employees who operate at the borders of organizations where important sourcing decisions are made may function as sustainability champions that can drive sustainable development from the bottom up. When these actors are motivated to contribute to supply chain sustainability, they can proactively regulate the sustainability demands, such as additional costs or know-how, and the sustainability resources, such as managerial support or autonomy, in and outside their organization. In doing so, they can enable themselves to work more sustainably and stimulate their supply chain partners to do the same. This proactive behavior may eventually trigger a sustainability movement throughout the supply chain in which individuals are simultaneously challenged and supported to generate and share more sustainability resources. Our paper can inspire researchers to conduct research on the role of proactive employee behavior in complex inter-organizational collaborations and support organizations toward the successful implementation of supply chain sustainability.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/20413866241267198?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/20413866241276872/) Multiple Pathways to Leadership: A Revision and Extension of the CIP Leadership Framework
Sep 16th 2024, 14:37

Organizational Psychology Review, Ahead of Print. The charismatic, ideological, and pragmatic (CIP) theory of leadership emphasizes an equifinality approach to leading, where a diverse set of styles are theorized to serve as viable routes to leader influence and success. The theory has received substantial support and attention over the past 15 years, yet there is a need to address key limitations and expand on insights from recent reviews to offer a revised and extended version of the CIP theory. We offer that each leader type emphasizes varying influence mechanisms resulting in differing dominant reactions from followers. In addition, we discuss the importance of considering mixed pathways as a key avenue for future iterations of the framework. Our proposed model addresses several criticisms of modern leadership theories by specifying how different leadership approaches elicit varying dominant follower motivational and effort mechanisms.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/20413866241276872?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/09500170241268391/) Will I Have to Be Reborn? Collective Sensemaking of Stigma among White-Collar Inmates
Sep 16th 2024, 14:37

Work, Employment and Society, Ahead of Print. We have a limited understanding of how individuals anticipate the experience of stigma, make sense of it as a group, and how such sensemaking trickles down to the individual level, especially for white-collar inmates who have experienced a drastic fall from grace. To address these issues, we draw on three waves of semi-structured interviews and focus group data with 70 inmates in a federal prison in the United States over a period of 16 months. Our findings reveal that following collective sensemaking, inmates use varying tactics to either select, borrow, contribute, reinforce, disguise or maintain the status quo, which variably impact on their perceptions of their ability to both reassure others of their soundness of character and adapt their professional identity. Our work contributes to the sociology of stigma and white-collar crime by showing how high-status professionals collectively prepare for stigmatization and implications for their individual responses to stigma.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/09500170241268391?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/10780874241276853/) Do Investment and Code Enforcement Mitigate the Criminogenic Effects of Commercial Places on City Streets?
Sep 16th 2024, 14:37

Urban Affairs Review, Ahead of Print. Communities and their residents need access to commercial places that provide core goods and services (e.g., retail stores, banks, grocery stores, and restaurants). These place types, however, are often associated with higher levels of crime, though there is within-place type variability. This study explores whether investment in the form of building permits and public regulation in the form of code enforcement moderates the criminogenic effects of commercial places on city streets. Using data from a diverse set of U.S. cities, we estimate the relationship between commercial places and crime on street segments over time, and the extent to which building permits and code enforcement moderate the relationships. The findings indicate that commercial places are positively associated with crime on street segments, while building permits and code enforcement are negatively associated with crime. Moreover, building permits significantly temper the criminogenic effects of commercial places. The moderating effect of code enforcement on the relationship between commercial places and crime, however, is inconsistent across cities and crime types. We discuss the implications for community and economic development and public safety.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/10780874241276853?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/13634607241278827/) Strategies of sexual refusal in effervescent nightlife settings: A study of Spanish university students
Sep 16th 2024, 14:37

Sexualities, Ahead of Print. A growing body of studies focuses on sexual harassment and violence in nightlife venues, primarily as it affects adolescent and adult women. In these settings, the boundary between flirtation and unwanted sexual attention easily blurs. This study examines how young women reject such attention. It draws on in-depth interviews with 53 Spanish undergraduates aged 18 to 25 from a Madrid public university. The findings unveil both individual strategies for sexual refusal (e.g., ignoring, distancing, lying) as well as collective strategies (e.g., using friends as mediators or protectors). The interviewed women perceived these actions as emotionally and practically challenging. These results advance the understanding of interactions in situations of collective effervescence, which may be conducive of transgression and sexual violence.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/13634607241278827?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/13634607241276580/) “The gay clubs are it”: An analysis of straight women’s motivations for frequenting gay bars
Sep 16th 2024, 14:36

Sexualities, Ahead of Print. The question of whether straight individuals belong in gay bars has long been a topic of debate. But why do straight cisgender women go to gay bars in the first place? Through qualitative semi-structured interviews, I analyze women’s motivations for frequenting gay bars in Canada and the United States. My findings show that straight cisgender women go to gay bars to pursue safety and joy—and that these motivations are complicated by reflections on belonging in a space that was not made for them. Decisions to frequent gay bars were positioned as a better alternative to straight bars which were described as dangerous or boring. More generally, this study offers new insights about group boundaries and safety in nightlife spaces.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/13634607241276580?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/13634607241274526/) “Porn is blunt […] I had way more LGBTQ+ friendly education through porn”: The experiences of LGBTQ+ individuals with online pornography
Sep 16th 2024, 14:36

Sexualities, Ahead of Print. While public and academic discussions on pornography’s effects are often plagued by moralistic claims, research on the self-perceived preferences and effects of pornography has been growing in recent years. Yet, we still do not know enough about the role pornography plays in the lives of regular viewers, particularly LGBTQ+ individuals. In this study, we examine the perceptions and views of 87 regular pornography viewers who identified as non-heterosexual, non-cis-gendered, or both (these 87 were part of a larger sample of 302 regular pornography viewers). Our study joins a growing body of work that explores the views, experiences, and preferences of individuals who consume pornography. We found that pornography played a crucial role for LGBTQ+ individuals, helping them to form their gender and sexual identities, serving as a practical guide for the technical aspects of engaging in non-heterosexual sex, and normalizing non-heterosexual orientations, acts, and identities.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/13634607241274526?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/13634607241274504/) “Defend your children, they can be taken by two gay men”: A scoping review of the conflating and diversionary discourses used in same-sex marriage debates
Sep 16th 2024, 14:36

Sexualities, Ahead of Print. The use of direct popular votes such as plebiscites, referendums, and postal surveys to determine the right of same-sex couples to marry have proliferated in recent years, particularly across the Global North. By including the public in the decision-making process, serious debates have been fermented about the morality of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) rights. Based on a scoping review of the available English language literature, this paper maps the key findings from 24 peer reviewed studies to offer a cross-national analysis of conflating and diversionary discourses used by pro- and anti-SSM advocates. This paper finds that despite ostensibly being about LGBTQ + sexual rights, these debates commonly conflate SSM with other unsubstantiated ‘threats’, categorised here as operating across the global, national, and individual levels. The findings suggest that SSM debates consistently conflated the issue with international human rights discourses, alongside notions of ‘race’, gender, family, and reproduction as a strategy to garner public opinion. This study reveals a complex network of discourses where the rights of LGBTQ + people are continuously harnessed for political agendas extending beyond the specific efforts to legislate SSM. This paper concludes with the limitations of this review and possible directions for future research.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/13634607241274504?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/01430343241268417/) “It takes a village”: An ecological analysis of social and emotional learning environments in Malawi
Sep 16th 2024, 14:36

School Psychology International, Ahead of Print. Socially and emotionally competent children thrive in school and life. Crucial to this success is integrating social and emotional learning (SEL) across their developmental ecology, from homes, schools, and communities to society. This case study draws on interviews with 21 parents, 42 teachers, and 12 professionals from diverse educational institutions in Malawi. It illuminates coordination strategies and enabling factors for system-wide support for SEL in and around Malawi’s schools. Teachers deliver a compulsory SEL-infused curriculum, sometimes co-instructed with parents, and emphasize daily discipline and behavior modeling. Governmental and nongovernmental organizations collaborate with grassroots initiatives, such as Mothers’ Groups, to provide technical support, teacher training, financial aid, and community-wide discussions to acquaint parents with SEL. These efforts align through multiparty dialogues, aimed at bridging home–school disparities. The findings offer insights for establishing a coherent, system-wide support structure for SEL in Malawi and potentially other countries.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/01430343241268417?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/01454455241264816/) Functional Communication Training in Schools: A Systematic Analysis of the Evidence for Ecological Validity
Sep 16th 2024, 14:22

Behavior Modification, Ahead of Print. Ecological validity refers to the meaningfulness or practical significance of research outcomes in everyday settings or the extent to which an intervention can be implemented by typical people during naturally occurring opportunities. In education, ecological validity may contribute to the adoption of interventions by teachers working with students in school settings. Our purpose in this review was to examine the evidence for ecological validity of functional communication training (FCT) used to address challenging behavior in school-age individuals with disabilities. We reviewed 19 single-case experimental design (SCED) studies published between 1985 and 2023. First, we used the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) Standards to evaluate the empirical evidence of each study. Second, we evaluated the extent to which behavioral assessment and FCT procedures were described in the 15 studies that met the WWC Standards. Third, we conducted a systematic analysis of the evidence for ecological validity of behavioral assessment and FCT. Results indicate that 95% of the SCED studies met the WWC Standards. The description of procedures was complete for 50% of the behavioral assessments and for 11% of the FCT. The overall evidence for ecological validity was moderate for 16.7% and low for 83.3% of the behavioral assessments. The evidence for ecological validity for all FCT procedures was low. Future research and implications related to ecological validity are discussed.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/01454455241264816?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/meta-analyses-systematic-reviews/physical-activity-in-adult-users-of-inpatient-mental-health-services-a-scoping-review/) Physical activity in adult users of inpatient mental health services: A scoping review
Sep 16th 2024, 13:48

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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/jasp-13060/) Are job characteristics associated with patient (de)humanization through the mediation of health providers’ well‐being?
Sep 16th 2024, 13:39

Abstract
Healthcare professionals tend to assign a lower human status to patients. We hypothesized that two mindsets are responsible for this attribution: burnout (emotional exhaustion) and work engagement (vigor, dedication, and absorption in one’s work). We predicted that exhaustion is negatively related to patient humanizing perceptions (Hypothesis 1), whereas engagement is positively related to them (Hypothesis 2). In addition, we formulated hypotheses on the relationship between job characteristics and humanity perceptions. Based on the Job Demands-Resources theory, we predicted that resources (e.g., performance feedback) are positively related to humanizing perceptions being positively linked to work engagement (Hypothesis 3a) and negatively linked to exhaustion (Hypothesis 3b). For demands (e.g., work overload), in contrast, they should be negatively related to humanizing perceptions, being positively linked to exhaustion (Hypothesis 4a) and negatively linked to work engagement (Hypothesis 4b). To test the hypotheses, we conducted an online survey. Participants were physicians and nurses (N = 302); a questionnaire was used. The mediation model was estimated by applying path analysis with observed variables. Findings supported the prediction that reduced humanizing perceptions are associated with care providers’ exhaustion (Hypothesis 1). No association was found between humanity perceptions and work engagement. For job aspects, resources were linked to higher humanizing perceptions through the mediation of lower exhaustion (Hypothesis 3b), whereas demands were linked to lower humanizing perceptions through the mediation of higher exhaustion (Hypothesis 4a). Findings suggest that appropriate manipulations of demands and resources may increase patient humanization and improve the therapeutic relationship.
(https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jasp.13060?af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/s12904-024-01554-9/) Efficacy and safety of fentanyl inhalant for the treatment of breakthrough cancer pain: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Sep 16th 2024, 13:36

Breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP) has a negative impact on patients’ quality of life, general activities, and is related to worse clinical outcomes. Fentanyl inhalant is a hand-held combination drug-device deliv…
(https://bmcpalliatcare.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12904-024-01554-9) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/grey-literature/tipped-workers-their-income-taxes-and-states/) Tipped Workers, Their Income Taxes, and States
Sep 16th 2024, 12:52

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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/13811118-2023-2237075/) Longitudinal Associations Between Nonsuicidal Self-Injury, Depressive Symptoms, Hopelessness, and Emotional Dysregulation in Adolescents
Sep 16th 2024, 12:11

Volume 28, Issue 3, July-September 2024, Page 800-814. 
(https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13811118.2023.2237075?ai=1a6&mi=79r7c4&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/pits-23226/) A comparative mixed‐methods study of in‐service teachers’ ethical judgment about student assessment practices
Sep 16th 2024, 12:08

Abstract
Few studies have been conducted to investigate the ethical perspectives of in-service teachers on assessment issues cross-culturally. The purpose of the study was to investigate the ethical judgment by in-service teachers in the United States and China on twenty scenarios of student assessment practices. In the spring of 2020, 130 American teachers and 161 Chinese teachers completed a survey questionnaire on these assessment scenarios. The quantitative and qualitative results indicated that respondents had different ethical decisions in 9 out of 20 scenarios. Further analysis indicated that there was a high degree of similarities in ethical reasoning, and 10 scenarios with mixed reasoning indicated that certain sub-themes were different. This study reveals that cultural differences are likely reflected in their ethical judgment when presented with certain assessment scenarios. The awareness of such differences should be raised by considering assessment, teaching, and learning together.
(https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pits.23226?af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/monographs-edited-collections/ethics-in-action-personal-reflections-of-canadian-psychologists-2/) Ethics in Action: Personal Reflections of Canadian Psychologists
Sep 16th 2024, 12:07

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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/jaoc-12144/) Queer, transgender, Black, and/or Indigenous people of color experiences in substance use disorder counseling: Enhancing QTBIPOC counseling care
Sep 16th 2024, 11:54

Abstract
This PhotoVoice study explored the lived experiences of queer, transgender, Black, and Indigenous people of color (QTBIPOC) in substance use disorder counseling. Furthermore, this study utilized a Critical Participatory Action Research framework to discuss QTBIPOC strategies and ideas on enhancing substance use disorder counseling for QTBIPOC communities. The group dialogues in this study further explored how QTBIPOC experience minority stress and affirmative counseling experiences when seeking out counseling for substance use. Substance use disorder counselors and institutions can strongly benefit from the implications of this study as part of enhancing overall QTBIPOC counseling care.
(https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jaoc.12144?af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/s12888-024-06033-2/) Functioning Management and Recovery, a psychoeducational intervention for psychiatric residential facilities: a multicenter follow-up study
Sep 16th 2024, 11:36

Functional Management and Recovery is a standardized Psychoeducational Intervention, derived from “Integro”, an effective salutogenic-psychoeducational intervention for people in recovery journey, designed to …
(https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12888-024-06033-2) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s40536-024-00213-y/) Considerations for the use of plausible values in large-scale assessments
Sep 16th 2024, 10:44

Large-scale assessments are rich sources of data that can inform a diverse range of research questions related to educational policy and practice. For this reason, datasets from large-scale assessments are ava…
(https://largescaleassessmentsineducation.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40536-024-00213-y) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s40536-024-00213-y/) Considerations for the use of plausible values in large-scale assessments was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/news/new-midwest-comics-sewer-socialists-and-police-snipers/) New Midwest Comics: Sewer Socialists and Police Snipers
Sep 16th 2024, 10:33

The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/news/new-midwest-comics-sewer-socialists-and-police-snipers/) New Midwest Comics: Sewer Socialists and Police Snipers was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/podcasts/episode-3-camila-teixeira-on-the-right-to-peaceful-protests/) Episode 3: Camila Teixeira on the right to peaceful protests
Sep 16th 2024, 09:41

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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/guidelines-plus/s12961-024-01166-y/) Health system description and assessment: a scoping review of templates for systematic analyses
Sep 16th 2024, 09:33

Understanding and comparing health systems is key for cross-country learning and health system strengthening. Templates help to develop standardised and coherent descriptions and assessments of health systems,…
(https://health-policy-systems.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12961-024-01166-y) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/guidelines-plus/s12961-024-01166-y/) Health system description and assessment: a scoping review of templates for systematic analyses was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s40615-024-02176-w/) Variation in Long-Term Postoperative Mortality Risk by Race/Ethnicity After Major Non-cardiac Surgeries in the Veterans Health Administration
Sep 16th 2024, 09:31

Abstract

Background
Few large sample studies have examined whether disparities, as measured by the proxy of race/ethnicity, are observed in long-term mortality after high-risk operations performed in a United States national health system. We compared operation year-related mortality risk by race/ethnicity after high-risk operative interventions among patients receiving care within the VHA.

Methods
>From the Veterans Affairs Corporate Data Warehouse and Surgical Quality Improvement Program, data were retrieved for 426,695 patients undergoing high-risk surgical procedures in non-cardiac, general, vascular, thoracic, orthopedic, neurosurgery, and genitourinary specialties between 2000 and 2018. Operation year was used as a surrogate measure of advances in technology and perioperative management. Underrepresented race/ethnicity groups were compared in a binary form with Caucasian/White race, as the reference category. The primary outcome was time to mortality, defined as death occurring at any time, due to any cause, during follow up, and after the initial, eligible surgery.

Results
The median follow-up after 537,448 operations among 426,695 patients was 4.8 years. After adjustment for preoperative risk factors and demographics, long-term mortality risk decreased significantly to a hazard ratio of 0.96 (95% confidence interval, 0.962 to 0.964) over calendar time. Long-term mortality was not significantly higher among African Americans/Blacks compared to Caucasians/Whites (p = 0.22). Among Hispanics, differences in mortality risk favored Caucasians/Whites in the early years under study—a difference that dissipated as time progressed. In the most recent years, no difference in mortality was observed among Asian/Native Americans and Caucasians/Whites.

Conclusions
Risk-adjusted long-term mortality after high-risk operations among Veterans Affairs hospitals did not significantly vary between African Americans/Blacks, Hispanics, and Asian/Native Americans groups.

(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40615-024-02176-w?error=cookies_not_supported&code=bd094a7b-1a56-4cb2-b714-426818f60561) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s40615-024-02176-w/) Variation in Long-Term Postoperative Mortality Risk by Race/Ethnicity After Major Non-cardiac Surgeries in the Veterans Health Administration was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

Forwarded by:
Michael Reeder LCPC
Baltimore, MD

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