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[Article Digests for Psychology & Social Work]

NYU Information for Practice Daily Digest (Unofficial)

 

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/news/a-life-of-learning-76-year-old-northlander-graduates-with-ph-d/) A Life of Learning: 76-year-old Northlander graduates with Ph.D.
Jul 2nd 2024, 15:22

At the age of 76, David Glesener, who lives in the Duluth area, received his Ph.D. in social work this past May at the University of Minnesota Twin Cities…. While Glesener attended the U of M Twin Cities, the Senior Citizen Education Program is available at all state-supported higher education institutions in Minnesota at a cost of $10 per credit.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/monographs-edited-collections/care/) Care
Jul 2nd 2024, 15:04

We are in a crisis of care, one that needs an immediate response. This crisis is experienced in both our everyday lived experiences and in our interactions with the formal health and care systems. Due to factors such as inequality, isolation, ecological breakdown, and a society increasingly demarcated by winners and losers, we feel ourselves to be in a careless world. Our sense of community and solidarity has become eroded. At the same time, the capacity of the care system to respond to these growing needs has become more and more limited due to various resource deficits. Behind these difficulties lies the causal impact of neoliberal economics and ideology. How then might we revive our commons of care? How to access better care? 
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/05333164241247813/) Working on the future of group analysis – scientific exploration of efficacy, concepts, and neurobiological connections
Jul 2nd 2024, 14:44

Group Analysis, Ahead of Print. This article addresses the imbalance in research focus, highlighting a pronounced emphasis on research in the American context compared to the field of group analysis, which is underscored by the identification of two literature reviews. The discussion delves into Lorentzen’s research contributions and the introduction of Focus Group Analytic Psychotherapy. Diverse perspectives on research are presented, with Nitsun and Lorentzen advocating for its importance, while Dalal takes a critical stance. The text investigates discrepancies within key concepts of group analysis, specifically the social unconscious, with Nitsun critiquing an undue emphasis on its significance and questioning its practical relevance in group settings. The relationship between group analysis and neuroscience is explored, shedding light on the reinterpretation of certain concepts through a neuroscientific lens, notably examining the framework of the neurobiology of intergroup relations. Ultimately, the article emphasizes the necessity of believing in and validating the advantages of collective thinking.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/05333164241247813?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/02692163241255511/) Views of patients with progressive illness and carers about the role of digital advance care planning systems to record and share information: A qualitative study
Jul 2nd 2024, 14:44

Palliative Medicine, Ahead of Print. Background:Digital approaches are being explored internationally to support the elicitation, documentation and sharing of advance care planning information. However, the views and experiences of patients and carers are little understood, impeding the development and impact of digital approaches to strengthen palliative and end-of-life care.Aim:To explore perspectives of patients with progressive illness and their carers on digital approaches to advance care planning, anticipated impact from their use and expectations for their future development.Design:A qualitative study employing thematic framework analysis of data collected from focus groups and semi-structured interviews.Setting/participants:Purposive sample of 29 patients and 15 current or bereaved carers in London and West Yorkshire from hospice settings, non-governmental support and advocacy groups, and care home residents.Results:Four generated themes included: 1. ‘Why haven’t you read what’s wrong with me?’; uncertainty around professionals’ documenting, sharing and use of information; 2. The art of decision-making relies on the art of conversation; 3. The perceived value in having ‘a say in matters’: control and responsibility; 4. Enabling patient and carer control of their records: ‘custodianship is key’.Conclusions:Lived experiences of information sharing influenced trust and confidence in digital advance care planning systems. Despite scepticism about the extent that care can be delivered in line with their preferences, patients and carers acknowledge digital systems could facilitate care through contemporaneous and accurately documented wishes and preferences. There remains a need to determine how independent patient and public-facing advance care planning resources might be integrated with existing digital health record systems.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/02692163241255511?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/s13033-024-00636-8/) A pre-post study design: evaluating the effectiveness of a new community-based integrated service model on patient outcomes
Jul 2nd 2024, 14:38

This study aimed to evaluate a new service model, Specialists Together In the Community (STIC), in terms of patient outcomes. This model integrates Flexible Assertive Community Treatment (FACT)-principles with…
(https://ijmhs.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13033-024-00636-8) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/05333164241245904/) From toxic bonds to healing relationships. A journey through group analytic theory and practice
Jul 2nd 2024, 13:33

Group Analysis, Ahead of Print. The essentials of therapeutic practice in group analysis are summarised through three basic principles. The conductor is responsible for fostering a climate that allows each of a group’s members to find their own voice; bear witness to the voices of others; and come out of the shadows together through the group’s discourse.These principles are built on the author’s earlier writing about the speech, silence, and the language of the group which can make a home amongst strangers. They are framed in the ordinary language of daily experience and the parallel idiom of musicology to address the most primary of musical instruments—the voice.They incorporate of a range of other terms and concepts that bring our attention to core complexities at the heart of many peoples’ deepest sources of disquiet arising out of unresolved intergenerational trauma. The group’s work is akin to a mourning process set in motion for hitherto unacknowledged grief. Disturbance can move about unpredictably. Our challenge is to locate and translate hidden, buried or displaced injury into the everyday language of human suffering where seeds can be sown for resolution.This multi-modal presentation is illustrated with clinical vignettes from groups at work and with collage and paintings. It opens with a Paul McCartney song, ‘Blackbird’ (1968), whose music and lyrics give historical significance to the struggle for human rights. Its closing vignettes explore ‘tools for conviviality’ with images of lost and found brotherhood and a spontaneous online ceremony of eating together in China. The paintings of Morris Nitsun bring us to an ultimate agency for change generated by small groups—the shifting mood-scape of their dynamic life. One image conveys the tragedy and desolation of the pandemic, and another offers the natural world’s consolation in beauty.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/05333164241245904?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/meta-analyses-systematic-reviews/decisional-needs-and-interventions-for-young-women-considering-contraceptive-options-an-umbrella-review/) Decisional needs and interventions for young women considering contraceptive options: an umbrella review
Jul 2nd 2024, 13:19

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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/7701777/) How to help countries improve resilience during a pandemic: an example of a Rapid Exchange Forum
Jul 2nd 2024, 13:17

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic demanded quick exchanges between experts and institutions supporting governments to provide evidence-based information in response to the crisis. Initially, there was no regular cross-country forum in the field of population health. This paper describes the set-up and benefits of implementing such a forum.
Methods
A group of public health practitioners from academia, national public health institutes and ministries of health decided in April 2020 to meet bi-monthly to discuss a vast array of population health topics in a structured format called a Rapid Exchange Forum (REF). An ad-hoc mailing group was established to collect responses to questions brought forward in the forum from at least five countries within 24 h. This endeavour, which evolved as network of networks was awarded an EU grant in autumn 2020 and was called PHIRI (Population Health Information Research Infrastructure).
Results
Responses from up to 31 countries were compiled and shared immediately via the European Health Information Portal. This exchange was complemented by special REFs that focused on the advantages and disadvantages of vaccination, for example. By July 2023, 54 REFs had taken place with topics going beyond COVID-19.
Conclusion
The REF demonstrated its value for quick yet evidence-based cross-country exchange in times of crisis and was highly appreciated by countries and European Commission. It demonstrated its sustainability even after the acute crisis by expanding the topics covered and managing to continue exchange with the aim of capacity building and mutual learning, making it a true EU response and coordination mechanism.
(https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article/34/Supplement_1/i81/7701777?rss=1) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/7690806/) Stuck between a Rock and a Hard Place: An Investigation into a Youth-Serving Community-Based Organization, Philanthropy, and Urban Public Schools
Jul 2nd 2024, 13:17

Abstract
In the wake of the federal government’s retrenchment from urban America in the 1970s and 1980s and the resulting rise in inequality, youth-serving, out-of-school time (OST) nonprofits took on a greater role in supporting urban public schools and students. Since then, many educational OST nonprofits have become enriching spaces for youth outside of traditional K–12 classrooms. Yet, their reliance on private philanthropic donations to function often complicates their goals. This article uses a critical, participatory, qualitative case study method to describe the experience of a youth-serving community-based education nonprofit organization in a Northeast city in the United States. In order to understand this nonprofit’s role in the urban schooling community context, this article analyzes its aims and interrogates its barriers to success, using two theoretical perspectives: social reproduction and community cultural wealth. Qualitative analysis revealed that the organization is unmoored—unable to completely meet its own goals centered on community cultural wealth, because of limiting traditional conceptions of capital that reinforce and maintain unfair racialized power dynamics.
(https://academic.oup.com/cs/article/46/3/183/7690806?rss=1) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/7694216/) Attitudes towards wife-beating justification and its association with female genital mutilation – analysis of ever-married Somali women in the 2020 Somali Health and Demographic Survey
Jul 2nd 2024, 13:17

Abstract
Background
In Somalia, despite its prohibition, female circumcision persists alongside significant intimate partner violence. This study examines the prevalence of wife-beating justification among Somali women and its link to the perception that female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is a religious obligation.
Methods
We studied 7726 married Somali women 15–49 y of age from the 2020 Somali Health and Demographic Survey. Using χ2 tests and logistic regression, we examined wife-beating justification by covariates and its connection to the perception that FGM/C is a religious obligation.
Results
The prevalence of women justifying wife-beating for any of six reasons was 56.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 55.3 to 57.6). A higher prevalence of wife-beating justification was found among women 35–49 y of age (59.9% [95% CI 57.8 to 61.9]), without education (57.7% [95% CI 56.5 to 59.0]), rural residents (57.8% [95% CI 56.3 to 59.2]), with lower socio-economic status (60.4% [95% CI 58.7 to 62.1]) and married before age 18 y (58.4% [95% CI 56.7 to 60.1]). Adjusted for covariates, logistic regression analyses indicated a significant association between wife-beating justification and the belief that FGM/C is mandated by religion (adjusted odds ratio 1.40 [95% CI 1.17 to 1.68], p<0.001).
Conclusions
Wife-beating justification is alarmingly common among Somali women and significantly associated with the belief that FGM/C is mandated by religion. Further research is necessary to investigate the drivers behind the acceptance of domestic violence, its impact on women’s mental health and well-being and its association with FGM/C acceptance.
(https://academic.oup.com/inthealth/advance-article/doi/10.1093/inthealth/ihae047/7694216?rss=1) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/7702349/) Temporal dynamics of depressive symptoms and cognitive decline in the oldest old: dynamic time warp analysis of the Leiden 85-plus study
Jul 2nd 2024, 13:17

Abstract
Background
The prevalence of depressive symptoms and cognitive decline increases with age. We investigated their temporal dynamics in individuals aged 85 and older across a 5-year follow-up period.
Methods
Participants were selected from the Leiden 85-plus study and were eligible if at least three follow-up measurements were available (325 of 599 participants). Depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline and at yearly assessments during a follow-up period of up to 5 years, using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Cognitive decline was measured through various tests, including the Mini Mental State Exam, Stroop test, Letter Digit Coding test and immediate and delayed recall. A novel method, dynamic time warping analysis, was employed to model their temporal dynamics within individuals, in undirected and directed time-lag analyses, to ascertain whether depressive symptoms precede cognitive decline in group-level aggregated results or vice versa.
Results
The 325 participants were all 85 years of age at baseline; 68% were female, and 45% received intermediate to higher education. Depressive symptoms and cognitive functioning significantly covaried in time, and directed analyses showed that depressive symptoms preceded most of the constituents of cognitive impairment in the oldest old. Of the GDS-15 symptoms, those with the strongest outstrength, indicating changes in these symptoms preceded subsequent changes in other symptoms, were worthlessness, hopelessness, low happiness, dropping activities/interests, and low satisfaction with life (all P’s < 0.01).
Conclusion
Depressive symptoms preceded cognitive impairment in a population based sample of the oldest old.
(https://academic.oup.com/ageing/article/53/7/afae130/7702349) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/7690155/) Philosophical Reflections on Music Therapy Musicianship
Jul 2nd 2024, 13:16

Abstract
This philosophical inquiry critically examines music therapy musicianship in order to reconceptualize the ways in which musicianship is conceived of and taught in education and training programs in the United States. Through a constructive and critical interaction with historical and extant literature, we seek to create space for the uniqueness of musicianship in our field. We challenge the relevance of the conservatory model, the primacy of the work concept, and the focus on fine art often found in educational settings. In doing so, we align music therapy musicianship with relevant musics, instrumentation, and the unique contextual and relational components of music experiences in our work. We construct multidirectional connections between musicality, musical identity, musicianship, music therapy context, musicking, and the clients’/participants’ lifeworld, introducing subconcepts within and between each concept. This co-construction with the literature asserts our identity in education, training, practice, and research. We conclude by offering preliminary guidance that may further develop music therapy musicianship in education and clinical training programs, in alignment with current reports on education.
(https://academic.oup.com/jmt/advance-article/doi/10.1093/jmt/thae012/7690155?rss=1) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/7696873/) The Feasibility of Songwriting as Stress Management for Parents of Hospitalized Children
Jul 2nd 2024, 13:16

Abstract
Parents of hospitalized children are exposed to a multitude of psychological, emotional, and physical stressors. This exploratory program examined the feasibility of songwriting interventions to reduce parental stress levels during hospitalization. Board-certified music therapists facilitated songwriting sessions with parents of hospitalized children within two inpatient children’s hospitals. Fifteen parents’ stress levels were measured over the course of 5 months. The validated Stress Numeric Rating Scale (SNRS-11) was used to measure parents’ pre- and post-stress levels when songwriting interventions were facilitated, with 0 indicating low-stress levels and 10 indicating high-stress levels. Results showed a significant reduction in mean stress levels, from 6.07 pre-session to 2.33 post-session (p = .002). Our findings support the existing data on the feasibility and effectiveness of songwriting as part of a music therapy program to provide non-pharmacological stress management. To our knowledge, our pilot is one of the first to specifically investigate the impact of songwriting on parent stress levels in the inpatient pediatric hospital setting.
(https://academic.oup.com/mtp/advance-article/doi/10.1093/mtp/miae010/7696873?rss=1) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/7699856/) Using Divide-and-Conquer to Improve Tax Collection†
Jul 2nd 2024, 13:16

Abstract
Tax collection with limited enforcement capacity may be consistent with both high and low delinquency regimes: high delinquency reduces the effectiveness of threats, thereby reinforcing high delinquency. We explore the practical challenges of unraveling the high delinquency equilibrium using a mechanism design insight known as “divide-and-conquer.” Our preferred mechanism takes the form of Prioritized Iterative Enforcement (PIE). Taxpayers are ranked using the ratio of expected collection to capacity use. Collection threats are issued in small batches to ensure high credibility and induce high compliance. Following repayments, liberated capacity is used to issue the next round of threats. In collaboration with a district of Lima, we experimentally assess PIE in a sample of 13,432 property taxpayers. The data both validate and refine our theoretical framework. A semi-structural model suggests that keeping collection actions fixed, PIE would increase tax revenue by roughly 10%.
(https://academic.oup.com/qje/advance-article/doi/10.1093/qje/qjae018/7699856?rss=1) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/7687263/) U.S. Social Work Students and Social Media: A Descriptive Analysis of Survey Items across Four Time-Points
Jul 2nd 2024, 13:16

Abstract
Between fall 2018 and spring 2023, the author conducted four survey studies on social work students’ use, attitudes, and knowledge regarding social media: (1) a pilot study in fall 2018 (N = 57), (2) a comparative study in spring 2019 (N = 42), (3) a national survey study in fall 2019 (N = 430), and (4) a national replication survey study in spring 2023 (N = 287). The purpose of this article is to describe general observed trends across these four studies. Findings included persistent and pervasive use of social media, decreased knowledge of the impact of social media in undermining democratic processes, students’ inverted concern for others’ use of social media when compared with concern over their own use, diminished agreement with the importance of protecting personal data and treating data protection as a civil/human right, overall agreement that law enforcement should be able to use social media in the apprehension of people accused of committing a crime, decreased agreement that disinformation is a problem on social media, ambivalence toward social media’s positive impact on society, and increased strong disagreement that students wish to delete their accounts but feel unable to do so. Recommendations are shared.
(https://academic.oup.com/sw/article/69/3/277/7687263) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/7685020/) Correction to: Movement behind the Scenes: The Quiet Transformation of Status Identification in Japan
Jul 2nd 2024, 13:15

This is a correction to: Carola HOMMERICH, Toru KIKKAWA, Movement behind the Scenes: The Quiet Transformation of Status Identification in Japan, Social Science Japan Journal, Volume 22, Issue 1, Winter 2019, Pages 11–24, https://doi.org/10.1093/ssjj/jyy041
(https://academic.oup.com/ssjj/advance-article/doi/10.1093/ssjj/jyae013/7685020?rss=1) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/7699604/) The Managerial Family? Family Care Work in Germany and Spain
Jul 2nd 2024, 13:15

Abstract
This article engages with scholarly debates on the emergence of market logics in family life. By deploying qualitative data from couple interviews in Germany and Spain, we show how the existence of a so-called managerial family is salient among interviewees in both countries. Couples might introduce weekly family planning meetings or follow investment strategies when organizing childcare and housework. Drawing on the theoretical concept of moral economies, the article adds a macro-level institutional perspective to this picture of entrepreneurial family life by linking how couples justify their managerial practices to macro-level moral ideas and the institutional setup in which they live.
(https://academic.oup.com/sp/advance-article/doi/10.1093/sp/jxae010/7699604?rss=1) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/7701757/) Truly at home? Perceived belonging and immigrant incorporation
Jul 2nd 2024, 13:15

Abstract
A significant amount of research has been devoted to studying the sociopolitical incorporation of immigrants and their descendants both socially and structurally. However, questions remain about how psychological mechanisms play a role in the incorporation process. While some immigrants might internalize a sense of social alienation, others might be able to overcome the detrimental impact of historical and present-day exclusion and develop a psychological notion of belonging to US society. To test the role of a psychological mechanism in the incorporation process, I rely on national survey data from the 2016 Collaborative Multiracial Post-Election Survey and a novel survey experiment. By leveraging these data, I examine the determinants of perceptions of inclusion in the United States among Latinos. The findings present a mixed picture of incorporation. I find that as Latinos become more familiarized with the United States culturally and socially, they are more likely to develop a sense of belonging. However, both experiencing discrimination and perceiving that the in-group faces discrimination negatively shape Latinos’ psychological sense of belongingness. Furthermore, receiving hostile messaging causes Latinos to feel less included in the US society. This paper highlights a social psychological mechanism of racialized incorporation, capturing whether immigrants and their descendants feel that they belong and are part of the host society.
(https://academic.oup.com/sf/advance-article/doi/10.1093/sf/soae094/7701757?rss=1) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/7700946/) Psychosocial Interventions for Individuals With Comorbid Psychosis and Substance Use Disorders: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Studies
Jul 2nd 2024, 13:15

Abstract
Background and Hypothesis
Substance use is highly prevalent among people with schizophrenia (SCZ) and related disorders, however, there is no broad-spectrum pharmacotherapy that concurrently addresses both addiction and psychotic symptoms. Psychosocial (PS) interventions, which have yielded promising results in treating psychosis and substance dependence separately, demonstrate potential but have not been systematically evaluated when combined.
Study Design
Systematic review and random-effects meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating PS interventions for individuals with comorbid substance use and psychotic disorders, encompassing SCZ and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). We included relevant studies published from MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar through May 2023.
Study Results
We included 35 RCTs (5176 participants total; approximately 2840 with SSD). Intervention durations ranged from 30 min to 3 years. Meta-analysis did not identify a statistically significant pooled PS intervention effect on the main primary outcome, substance use (18 studies; 803 intervention, 733 control participants; standardized mean difference, −0.05 standard deviation [SD]; 95% CI, −0.16, 0.07 SD; I2 = 18%). PS intervention effects on other outcomes were also not statistically significant. Overall GRADE certainty of evidence was low.
Conclusions
At present, the literature lacks sufficient evidence supporting the use of PS interventions as opposed to alternative therapeutic approaches for significantly improving substance use, symptomatology, or functioning in people with SCZ and related disorders. However, firm conclusions were precluded by low certainty of evidence. Further RCTs are needed to determine the efficacy of PS treatments for people with dual-diagnoses (DD), either alone or in combination with pharmacotherapy.
(https://academic.oup.com/schizophreniabulletin/advance-article/doi/10.1093/schbul/sbae101/7700946?rss=1) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/7700805/) Your Typical Criminal: Why White Americans Hate Voter Fraud
Jul 2nd 2024, 13:14

Abstract
Public concerns about voter fraud are widespread and are frequently cited to justify new voting restrictions and harsh punishment for violators. But to what extent do beliefs about a perpetrator’s identity shape public support for efforts to prevent and punish voter fraud? Antipathy toward racial and ethnic groups is a strong predictor of public beliefs about voter fraud. Yet, prior studies have only been able to approximate beliefs about deviant behavior, and not specifically casting an illegal ballot. Drawing from sociology and criminology, we use a “typification” strategy that more directly measures which people are perceived as typical perpetrators of casting illegal ballots. We utilize nationally representative surveys of US voters in the 2017–2020 modules of the Cooperative Election Study to apply and empirically test the typification theory. Among white respondents, we find that the typification of racially minoritized groups such as Blacks, Latinos, Arabs, and immigrants as illegal voters is widespread and is strongly associated with beliefs about voter fraud, support for restrictive election policies, and harsh punishment of illegal voting. The pictures of likely criminals that white voters carry in their heads shape their preferences for crime policies, and this extends to the domain of voter fraud.
(https://academic.oup.com/poq/advance-article/doi/10.1093/poq/nfae023/7700805?rss=1) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/7701514/) Life Events and Incident Dementia: A Prospective Study of 493,787 Individuals Over 16 Years
Jul 2nd 2024, 13:14

Abstract
Objectives
Life events can be stressful and have a detrimental impact on health, but evidence is inconclusive regarding life events and dementia risk. The present study tests whether life events are associated with incident dementia, whether experiencing multiple events has cumulative effects, and whether the associations vary across age, sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and genetic vulnerability.
Method
UK Biobank participants (N = 493,787) reported on six life events that occurred within the past two years: serious illness, injury, assault to yourself or close relative, death of a spouse/partner or close relative, marital separation/divorce, and financial problems. Incident all-cause dementia was ascertained through health records from the UK National Health Service over a 16 year follow-up.
Results
Serious illness, injury, or assault to yourself, marital separation/divorce, and financial difficulties were associated with a higher risk of dementia; serious illness, injury, or assault of a close relative was associated with a lower risk of dementia. When combined, experiencing three to four events was associated with a more than two-fold increase in dementia risk. The association for marital separation/divorce was stronger within the first five years of follow-up (consistent with reverse causality). Death of a spouse/partner or close relative were mostly unrelated to dementia risk. With few exceptions, the associations were similar across age, sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and APOE e4 status groups.
Discussion
Severe illness, injury, or personal assault, marital separation or divorce, and financial hardships may raise risk of dementia, particularly when these events occur together.
(https://academic.oup.com/psychsocgerontology/advance-article/doi/10.1093/geronb/gbae114/7701514?rss=1) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/7694284/) Progress on Mental Health Policy to Improve Service Access and Quality for Older Adults: Recent Successes, Proposed Legislation, and Strategies for Sustainability
Jul 2nd 2024, 13:14

Medicare policyMental healthSubstance use disorderWorkforce
(https://academic.oup.com/ppar/article/34/2/39/7694284) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/7699729/) “Keep it a secret”: leaked documents suggest Philip Morris International, and its Japanese affiliate, continue to exploit science for profit
Jul 2nd 2024, 13:13

Abstract
Introduction
The tobacco industry has a long history of manipulating science to conceal the harms of its products. As part of its proclaimed transformation, the world’s largest tobacco company, Philip Morris International (PMI), states it conducts “transparent science”. This paper uses recently leaked documents from PMI and its Japanese affiliate, Philip Morris Japan (PMJ), to examine its contemporary scientific practices.
Methods
23 documents dating 2012 through 2020 available from Truth Tobacco Industry Documents Library were examined using Forster’s hermeneutic approach to analysing corporate documentation. Thematic analysis using the Science for Profit Model was conducted to assess whether PMI/PMJ employed known corporate strategies to influence science in their interests.
Results
PMJ contracted a third-party external research organisation, CMIC, to covertly fund a study on smoking cessation conducted by Kyoto University academics. No public record of PMJ’s funding or involvement in this study was found. PMJ paid life sciences consultancy, FTI-Innovations, ¥3,000,000 (approx. £20,000) a month between 2014 and 2019 to undertake extensive science-adjacent work, including building relationships with key scientific opinion leaders and using academic events to promote PMI’s science, products and messaging. FTI-Innovation’s work was hidden internally and externally. These activities resemble known strategies to influence the conduct, publication and reach of science, and conceal scientific activities.
Conclusions
The documents reveal PMI/PMJ’s recent activities mirror past practices to manipulate science, undermining PMI’s proclaimed transformation. Tobacco industry scientific practices remain a threat to public health, highlighting the urgent need for reform to protect science from the tobacco industry’s vested interests.Implications: Japan is a key market for PMI, being a launch market for IQOS and having the highest heated tobacco product use globally. Our findings, in conjunction with other recent evidence, challenge PMI’s assertion that it is a source of credible science and cast doubt on the quality and ethical defensibility of its research, especially its studies conducted in Japan. This, in turn, brings into question the true public health impacts of its products. There is urgent need to reform the way tobacco-related science is funded and conducted. Implementation of models through which research can be funded using the industry’s profits while minimising its influence should be explored.
(https://academic.oup.com/ntr/advance-article/doi/10.1093/ntr/ntae101/7699729?rss=1) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s1353829224001059/) Simulating desegregation through affordable housing development: An environmental health impact assessment of Connecticut zoning law
Jul 2nd 2024, 13:13

Publication date: July 2024
Source: Health & Place, Volume 88
Author(s): Saira Prasanth, Nire Oloyede, Xuezhixing Zhang, Kai Chen, Daniel Carrión
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1353829224001059?dgcid=rss_sd_all) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/05333164241248622/) Reconstructing the group matrix: In pursuit of balance in the dynamic whole
Jul 2nd 2024, 13:12

Group Analysis, Ahead of Print. The group analytic concept of the matrix was developed by Foulkes and is constantly being redeveloped by contemporary group analysts. This article outlines the basic structure of the matrix as proposed by Foulkes and how this has been built upon over time. A split between the objective, quantitative biomedical and subjective, qualitative psychosocial approaches is explored. The article attempts to demonstrate the arbitrary distinction between the two positions, as well as to overcome polarization of thought through synthesis and the use of metaphor. Finding balance and mutuality between the two brings the homeostatic function of the organism, brain, mind, and matrix to the foreground. This is complemented through the examination of current neuroscientific research and shows how the two positions enrich and add nuance to our understanding of the matrix as a fluid, ever-changing, and dynamic structure.This article also explores the relationship between the matrix and the group conductor. This relationship has the potential to offer containment and security for the group and can be harnessed to improve the conductor’s clinical confidence, as well as the clinical care of group members. This is articulated in terms of Gestalt psychology’s ‘figure’ and ‘ground’ as well as psychotherapeutic stances of ‘being’ and ‘doing’. Van der Kleij’s linguistic analogies are elaborated on to explore the concept of the matrix in the total group situation, and how individuals might be able to find structure and meaning in the context of an analytic group. Finally, the author reflects on the process of exploring the group matrix and how this relates to his own development as a psychiatrist and group analyst in training.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/05333164241248622?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s0033291724000321/) Mendelian randomization: causal inference leveraging genetic data
Jul 2nd 2024, 13:00

Mendelian randomization (MR) leverages genetic information to examine the causal relationship between phenotypes allowing for the presence of unmeasured confounders. MR has been widely applied to unresolved questions in epidemiology, making use of summary statistics from genome-wide association studies on an increasing number of human traits. However, an understanding of essential concepts is necessary for the appropriate application and interpretation of MR. This review aims to provide a non-technical overview of MR and demonstrate its relevance to psychiatric research. We begin with the origins of MR and the reasons for its recent expansion, followed by an overview of its statistical methodology. We then describe the limitations of MR, and how these are being addressed by recent methodological advances. We showcase the practical use of MR in psychiatry through three illustrative examples – the connection between cannabis use and psychosis, the link between intelligence and schizophrenia, and the search for modifiable risk factors for depression. The review concludes with a discussion of the prospects of MR, focusing on the integration of multi-omics data and its extension to delineating complex causal networks.

(https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/psychological-medicine/article/mendelian-randomization-causal-inference-leveraging-genetic-data/333B418DF7B88B53D58032EA316D0834) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/ipm-2023-30-3/) Evolution and psychiatry: the formation of a special interest group
Jul 2nd 2024, 12:59

This editorial outlines the formation of a new special interest group (SIG) in evolution and psychiatry. The formative beginnings of the evolutionary psychiatry field and founding of the group in Ireland are presented, identifying central figures of the field and their contributions. Furthermore, key milestones and accomplishments are discussed with current and future directions. Additionally, foundational texts and seminal papers are included to guide the reader in their journey to discover more about evolution and psychiatry. We hope this will be of relevance to those interested in how SIGs form and also to clinicians with an interest in evolutionary psychiatry.

(https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0790966723000307/type/journal_article) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/bji-2024-6-2/) World mental health on a tightrope: evidence, practice, policy and BJPsych International
Jul 2nd 2024, 12:59

(https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2056474024000060/type/journal_article) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/bja-2024-14/) New from CPD eLearning
Jul 2nd 2024, 12:59

(https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bjpsych-advances/article/new-from-cpd-elearning/9E3C53036886A375D38A5F848DB2882F) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/neu-2023-57-2/) Bradykinin actions in the central nervous system: historical overview and psychiatric implications
Jul 2nd 2024, 12:59

Bradykinin (BK), a well-studied mediator of physiological and pathological processes in the peripheral system, has garnered less attention regarding its function in the central nervous system, particularly in behavioural regulation. This review delves into the historical progression of research focused on the behavioural effects of BK and other drugs that act via similar mechanisms to provide new insights into the pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of psychiatric disorders. Evidence from experiments with animal models indicates that BK modulates defensive reactions associated with panic symptoms and the response to acute stressors. The mechanisms are not entirely understood but point to complex interactions with other neurotransmitter systems, such as opioids, and intracellular signalling cascades. By addressing the existing research gaps in this field, we present new proposals for future research endeavours to foster a new era of investigation regarding BK’s role in emotional regulation. Implications for psychiatry, chiefly for panic and depressive disorders are also discussed.

(https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0924270823000571/type/journal_article) Read the full article ›
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Forwarded by:
Michael Reeder LCPC
Baltimore, MD

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