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[Article Digests for Psychology & Social Work]

NYU Information for Practice Daily Digest (Unofficial)

 

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/02654075231212938/) How affected family members communicate about their loved one’s non-medical opioid use
Jan 22nd 2024, 14:01

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, Ahead of Print. Family members of people who misuse opioids frequently experience stigma due to their association with non-medical opioid use (NMOU). Stigma may affect how family members communicate about NMOU and seek social support. Guided by communication privacy management theory, this study sought to understand how affected family members (AFMs) communicate about NMOU within and outside of the immediate family. In-depth interviews were conducted with 34 adults with an immediate relative with NMOU. Qualitative analyses utilized a common iterative approach. Findings identified complex dialectical tensions that families traverse in both wanting to conceal stigmatizing information while simultaneously wanting to disclose information to engage support for themselves during stressful experiences. Strategies to resolve this tension included focusing on the good, functional updates, and moving from closed to open communication boundaries. Treatment for individuals with NMOU should engage families and assist with the resolution of communication privacy management tensions.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/02654075231212938?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s00127-023-02589-8/) National and state-level trends in the availability of mental health treatment services tailored to individuals ordered to treatment by a court: United States, 2016, 2018, and 2020
Jan 22nd 2024, 14:00

Abstract

Purpose
We sought to identify trends and characteristics associated with the availability of tailored mental health services for individuals involved in the criminal justice system and ordered to treatment by a court, nationally in the US and by state.

Methods
We used National Mental Health Services Survey to identify outpatient mental health treatment facilities in the US (2016 n = 4744; 2018 n = 4626; 2020 n = 4869). We used clustered multiple logistic regression to identify changes over time as well as facility- and state-level factors associated with the availability of specialty court-ordered services.

Results
Slightly more than half of the outpatient mental health treatment facilities offered specialized services for individuals ordered to treatment by a court, with wide variation between states. Nationally, there was a significant increase in the odds of offering court-ordered treatment in 2020 compared to 2016 (aOR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.06–1.27, p < 0.01). Notable associations included offering integrated substance use treatment (versus none, aOR = 2.95, 95% CI = 2.70–3.22, p < 0.0001) and offering trauma therapy (versus none, aOR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.85–2.27, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion
The availability of mental health services for individuals ordered to treatment by a court is growing nationally but several states are lagging behind. Court ordered treatment is a promising strategy to improve health and reduce reliance on the carceral system as a healthcare provider. At the same time, we express caution around disparities within behavioral health courts and advocate for equity in access to incarceration alternatives.

(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00127-023-02589-8) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s12529-023-10251-5/) Infectious Illness Symptoms Are Associated with Elevated Anxiety in a Sample of Sexual and Gender Minority Young Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Jan 22nd 2024, 14:00

Abstract

Background
To evaluate whether infectious illness symptoms (IIS) are associated with generalized anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in sexual/gender (SGM) minority young adults assigned male at birth (AMAB).

Method
Four hundred eighteen participants (median age = 25; range, 20–40) were recruited through RADAR, an ongoing Chicago-based cohort study of SGM-AMAB between September 2020 and February 2021. Participants completed online surveys. A subset (n = 145) provided dried blood spot samples to assess SARS-CoV-2 serostatus.

Results
One hundred twenty participants (28.7%) had GAD-7 scores of 10 or greater, which indicates generalized anxiety symptoms that may be clinically significant. In a binomial logistic regression model adjusting age, gender identity, race/ethnicity, substance use, and HIV status, the authors found that having a higher IIS count since March 1, 2020, was associated with greater odds of having a GAD-7 score of 10 or greater (OR = 1.14; 95% CI, 1.04, 1.25; P = 0.007). This effect was more pronounced in a binomial logistic regression model adjusting for the same covariates but using current IIS count as the independent variable (OR = 1.39; 95% CI, 1.13, 1.74; P = 0.002).

Conclusion
Among SGM-AMAB young adults, those who experienced ISS reported higher scores on the GAD-7, a widely used and validated screening measure for generalized anxiety symptoms. These findings highlight the importance of screening for anxiety disorders when patients present with IIS in clinical settings and psychobehavioral health follow-ups when indicated.

(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12529-023-10251-5) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s12529-023-10251-5/) Infectious Illness Symptoms Are Associated with Elevated Anxiety in a Sample of Sexual and Gender Minority Young Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s12529-023-10255-1/) The Emotional Burden of Loneliness and its Association with Mental Health Outcomes
Jan 22nd 2024, 14:00

Abstract

Background
The present study examined, for the first time, the emotional burden of loneliness on dimensions of emotional valence and arousal, and its association with mental health outcomes.

Method
A cross-sectional design was used, and data were collected from 503 adults across the UK with an online survey. Measures included socio-demographic characteristics, self-reported measures of loneliness and social isolation, affective ratings (i.e., valence and arousal) of loneliness experiences, and symptoms of depression and anxiety as mental health outcomes.

Results
The emotional burden of loneliness differed significantly across groups with differing loneliness experiences, and females scored significantly higher in the emotional burden of loneliness than males. The emotional burden of loneliness was associated with both depression and anxiety symptoms, and respectively added 4.7% and 6.2% of the variance, on top of measures of loneliness frequency and social isolation.

Conclusions
Measuring the valence and arousal dimensions of loneliness experiences advances our understanding of loneliness experiences and its association with mental health outcomes. The theoretical, methodological, and practical implications of our study are discussed.

(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12529-023-10255-1) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s12529-023-10248-0/) Moderators of Loneliness Trajectories in People with Systemic Sclerosis During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A SPIN COVID-19 Cohort Longitudinal Study
Jan 22nd 2024, 14:00

Abstract

Background
Many individuals with systemic sclerosis (SSc) are at heightened risk for COVID-19 related morbidity and isolation due to interstitial lung disease, frailty, and immunosuppressant use. Minimal research has explored loneliness predictors in individuals with chronic illnesses during COVID-19. This study evaluated moderators of loneliness trajectories in individuals with SSc during COVID-19.

Methods
Longitudinal data were analyzed across 30 timepoints from April 2020 to May 2022 from 775 adults in the Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network (SPIN) COVID-19 Cohort. Hierarchical linear modeling evaluated cross-level moderators of loneliness trajectories, including marital status, baseline number of household members, number of virtual or telephone one-on-one or virtual group conversations, number of hours spent enjoying in-person household conversations or activities, and satisfaction with quality of in-person household conversations (all in the past week). Level-1 moderation analyses assessed effects of conversation, activity, and satisfaction means and slopes over time.

Results
Baseline values were not statistically significant moderators of loneliness trajectories. Higher mean (averaged over time) virtual or telephone one-on-one and in-person household conversations, in-person household activity, and in-person household conversation satisfaction were associated with lower loneliness trajectories (ps < .05). The relationship between in-person household conversation satisfaction and loneliness trajectory was statistically significantly but minimally attenuated over time (p < .001).

Conclusions
For people with SSc, higher mean conversation, activity, and satisfaction variables were associated with lower levels of loneliness during the pandemic, but changes in these social variables were generally not predictive of changes in loneliness.

(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12529-023-10248-0) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s12529-023-10248-0/) Moderators of Loneliness Trajectories in People with Systemic Sclerosis During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A SPIN COVID-19 Cohort Longitudinal Study was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s12529-023-10252-4/) Brief Report: Determinants of Potential Sexual Activity Reduction in the Face of the Mpox Epidemic
Jan 22nd 2024, 13:59

Abstract

Background
The current mpox epidemic is most prevalent among men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM). Vaccination programs are being rolled-out to curb the epidemic. Behavioural measures have been called for as well, for example, by the WHO and national public health authorities to reduce the number of sexual partners and sexual activity. We investigated intentions and determinants among Dutch MSM to follow such behavioural measures.

Methods
Early in July 2022, in the context of a dynamic ongoing epidemic, 394 MSM answered an online questionnaire investigating concepts such as perceived mpox risk, vaccination and behavioural change intentions and collecting socio-demographic and sexual behaviour information.

Results
The overall intentions to reduce number of partners and sexual activity were high, but only a minority had developed definite intentions. Determinant analysis revealed that dating/open relationship status was a positive predictor; vaccination intentions did not predict sexual behaviour change; those not on PrEP were more likely to change their sexual behaviour. Mpox infection concern was the main predictor for behaviour change intentions.

Conclusions
Our results show that behavioural measures to avoid an mpox infection are present in majority of participants in our survey, but high intentions are held by a minority. Taking the historic complexity of behavioural change pleas among MSM into account sensitive, additional public health measures are necessary to reach and to inform MSM about potential benefits of sexual behaviour change.

(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12529-023-10252-4) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s11162-023-09768-1/) Good Begets Good: The Role of Helping Others on Engagement and Achievement Among University Students
Jan 22nd 2024, 13:59

Abstract
Educational research has emphasized the importance of help-seeking in learning and engagement. However, little is known about the impact that help-giving may potentially have on student engagement and academic achievement. There is also a lack of knowledge about the environmental factors that might facilitate help-giving. This study investigated how help-giving is associated with student engagement and academic achievement by drawing on the Chinese College Student Survey (CCSS), which involved data from 67,182 Chinese college students. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Results showed that students who experienced a positive social climate, particularly those who had positive social interactions with their peers, teachers, and university staff members were more likely to help their peers with schoolwork. In turn, these students who helped their peers were more cognitively, emotionally, and behaviorally engaged. They also had higher levels of academic achievement themselves. The results applied to students of different demographic characteristics and different school types. Theoretical and practical implications of the research are discussed.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11162-023-09768-1) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s11162-023-09767-2/) Illuminating the Post-Graduation Impact of Undergraduate Participation in High-Impact Practices Using Propensity Score Analysis with Structural Equation Modeling
Jan 22nd 2024, 13:59

Abstract
As colleges and universities grapple with uncertainty around current and future enrollment as well as increasingly vocal questions about the value of postsecondary education, it is critically important that institutions ascertain and invest in the elements of campus learning and engagement that add value to the undergraduate experience. This study examines the relationship between cumulative participation in high-impact practices (HIPs) and the perceived importance of postsecondary experience in preparation for adult life using the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002 (ELS) dataset. Employing a methodology proposed and tested by Leite et al. (Struct Equ Model Multidiscip J 26(3):448–469, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2018.1522591), this analysis incorporated the ability to account for self-selection into HIPs using propensity score (PS) analysis with a multiple-group structural equation model (SEM) design to examine differences between students who participated in two or more HIPs and those who did not (n = 3105). Results offered evidence of benefit to participation in two or more HIP experiences with positive and statistically significant differences in the perceived importance of postsecondary education in preparation for adult life across the analytic sample with doubly robust estimation techniques. Interaction effects for female students, students from low SES backgrounds, and students who are members of minoritized racial/ethnic populations were also identified. The findings offered evidence of post-graduation impact of cumulative participation in HIPs that can inform program development and student decision-making as well as the future use of analytic techniques such as PS analysis, doubly robust estimation, and sensitivity analysis to enhance measurement precision.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11162-023-09767-2) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s10734-023-01179-6/) “Every morning I take two steps to my desk…”: students’ perspectives on distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic
Jan 22nd 2024, 13:59

Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, distance learning became the predominant teaching method at most universities, exposing students and teachers alike to novel and unexpected challenges and learning opportunities. Our study is situated in the context of higher physics education at a large Swedish university and adopts a mixed-methods approach to explore how students perceive shifts to distance learning. Quantitative student survey responses comparing distance learning during the pandemic with previous in-person learning are analyzed with k-means cluster analysis and with a random-intercept multilevel linear model. Combined analyses produce a consistent picture of students who report having experienced the greatest challenges. They are on average younger, report being less autonomous in their learning, and find it harder than peers to ask questions to the instructor. They are also less likely to have access to a place where they can study without interruptions. Variation across courses is small with students being largely subjected to the same set of challenges. Qualitative data from semi-structured focus group interviews and open-ended questions supports these findings, provides a deeper understanding of the struggles, and reveals possibilities for future interventions. Students report an overall collapse of structure in their learning that takes place along multiple dimensions. Our findings highlight a fundamental role played by informal peer-to-peer and student-instructor interactions, and by the exchange of what we refer to as “structural information.” We discuss implications for teachers and institutions regarding the possibility of providing support structures, such as study spaces, as well as fostering student autonomy.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10734-023-01179-6) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s10734-023-01163-0/) Disrupting internationalisation of the curriculum in Latin America
Jan 22nd 2024, 13:59

Abstract
Internationalisation of the curriculum (IoC) is typically approached very differently across national, institutional and disciplinary contexts. This paper reports on research on internationalisation of the curriculum in Latin America and discusses its potential to provoke disruptive innovation in higher education internationalisation. Traditionally, approaches to internationalisation of the curriculum in Latin American universities have been focused almost solely on student mobility programs. The research reported in this paper was conducted by a project team from Brazil and Australia in 2021–2022. A qualitative methodology was used. Methods included a tri-lingual literature review of scholarly publications on curriculum internationalisation in English, Portuguese and Spanish and a modified e-Delphi methodology with a panel of experts comprising international higher education scholars and practitioners working in Latin America (and conducted in Spanish, Portuguese and English). The purpose of the research was to identify ways in which existing approaches to internationalising the curriculum in Latin America might be enhanced in order to provide more students with opportunities to develop international perspectives and intercultural knowledge and skills. The research found that there is significant potential to achieve this outcome if the process of internationalising the curriculum is approached as a long-term project involving complex collaborative boundary work.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10734-023-01163-0) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s10734-023-01173-y/) Quality teaching and learning in a fully online large university class: a mixed methods study on students’ behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement
Jan 22nd 2024, 13:58

Abstract
The two main trends in the development of higher education worldwide are universal access and digital transformation. These trends are bringing about an increase in class sizes and the growth of online higher education. Previous studies indicated that both the large-class setting and online delivery threaten the quality, and the exploration of strategies to ensure quality teaching and learning in the large-class setting was in face-to-face or blended learning mode. This study contributes to this topic by exploring the quality of teaching and learning in a new scenario: the fully online large university class. Furthermore, it proposes to use student engagement as a new means to explore the quality of teaching and learning in a large-class setting as it offers evidence on quality from the in-itinere perspective rather than the more commonly ex-post perspective offered by existing studies, collected, for example, from student feedback or course grades. This study was conducted in a mandatory course at an Italian university. Both the Moodle log data and students’ reflective diaries are collected to analyze the presence of students’ behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement. Tableau and NVivo handle the quantitative and qualitative data, respectively. By confirming the presence of all three types of engagement, the result indicates quality teaching and learning happens in the fully online large university class. Since we select both “high-grade” and “low-grade” students as representative samples, the Tableau visualization also indicates that only using behavioral engagement to predict students’ academic performance is unreliable.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10734-023-01173-y) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s10734-023-01170-1/) The role of institutional contexts for social inequalities in study abroad intent and participation
Jan 22nd 2024, 13:58

Abstract
We contribute to research on social inequalities in educational attainment by examining the role of institutional contexts for students’ study abroad (SA) intent and participation. To do so, we extend the individual-level rational choice model predicting SA intent and participation depending on students’ socioeconomic status (SES) into a multi-level model emphasizing the importance of context effects. We test our model based on unique micro-level student data, which we supplement with context data. Examining 18,510 students nested in 69 universities, we provide the first in-depth multi-level analyses of SA intent and participation of students from Japan. In line with findings from many Western countries, our results show that higher-SES students are more likely to (intend to) study abroad. Regarding the role of institutional contexts, we find that programs designed to improve SA opportunity structures hardly affect students’ SA intent but significantly positively affect SA participation above and beyond other university-level and student-level characteristics. Importantly, both lower- and higher-SES students benefit from favorable SA opportunity structures. These findings suggest that Japan’s recent push toward internationalization of higher education has created relevant SA opportunities for students from different social backgrounds. Still, higher-SES students are currently overrepresented among those studying abroad because they are more likely to select into universities offering favorable SA opportunity structures. Our analysis calls for more research combining individual-level with contextual-level theories and data to better understand the conditions shaping SES-specific SA intent and participation.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10734-023-01170-1) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s13158-023-00387-6/) Early Childhood Education and Care Teachers’ Gaze Behavior Across Pedagogical Episodes in Toddler Groups in Finland
Jan 22nd 2024, 13:58

Abstract
Teacher–child interaction is central in pedagogical activities in early childhood education and care (ECEC). In these activities, teachers’ visual gaze is a valuable tool for communication, but this has received little attention in ECEC research. Recent technological advancements in eye-tracking provide an approach to take a deeper look at how teachers focus their visual gaze during activities. Our study focused on three ECEC teachers’ visual gaze behavior during pedagogical activities in a group of children under three years of age (later toddlers) in Finland, to gain understanding of how teachers use their gaze to facilitate interactions and pedagogy. The data were collected using eye-tracking glasses in two types of activities: play and guided activity. From these eye-tracking recordings, we identified pedagogical episodes (e.g., guidance). To analyze teachers’ visual gaze behavior, we also coded the fixations to the different areas of interest (e.g., teaching materials). The findings showed that the teachers’ aim for interaction with children was associated with their visual gaze behavior on teacher- and child-initiated episodes. Moreover, the activity’s structure and the teacher’s position also played a role in how teachers focus their visual gaze. In this article, we also discuss the potential of eye-tracking technology in reflection of practices implemented in ECEC and we argue that the use of eye-tracking technology is an area that merits further exploration.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13158-023-00387-6) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s13158-023-00379-6/) Curricular Violence and the Education of Black Children: Working Toward Positive Peace Through Pro-Black Practices
Jan 22nd 2024, 13:58

Abstract
This article responds to the endemic, intergenerational, and pervasive racism endured by Black children in the USA and the need to reimagine classrooms as cultures of peace where Black histories, literatures, accomplishment, oppression, resistance, resilience, and joy are taught as central to the curriculum. To do so, the article shares a five-year study of practices developed by 12 teachers working with university educators to construct Pro-Black pedagogy for children from ages five-to-nine. The article opens with descriptions of renewed efforts in the USA to ban books and deny the teaching of whole histories and how that constitutes curricular violence in the lives of Black students. The study is anchored in Black Critical Theory as it encompasses understandings of anti-and Pro-Blackness in the education of young children. With decolonizing methodologies guiding data collection, analysis, and representation, findings are shared in the form of (a) practices used by the teachers to help students grow in their understanding of Black brilliance, resistance, and resilience; (b) tensions encountered; and (c) positive outcomes. The article closes with implications to guide the examination of curriculum and school structures as an essential element in Pro-Black curricular transformation.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13158-023-00379-6) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s10833-023-09500-x/) School improvement at the next level of work: the struggle for collective agency in a school facing adversity
Jan 22nd 2024, 13:58

Abstract
School improvement depends, fundamentally, upon collective agency—a group capability to work productively together and solve problems. Unfortunately, many schools operate in contexts of adversity that can pose considerable challenges with developing collective agency. Schools serving high-poverty communities of color often face chronic resource shortages, difficulties to reach their students, and negative reputations. Research has shown how such experiences of adversity can invite destructive tendencies that interfere with collective agency—including defensiveness, learned helplessness, and fragmenting conflict. However, prevailing approaches to researching school improvement have obscured insight into how collective agency may develop in adverse contexts. To study this, this paper draws on over 70 hours of participant observation and more than 50 reflective conversations conducted over 1 year with a Californian middle school facing adversity. Drawing on literature about group development and work teams, the article traces interaction patterns in three work groups, including one I led. The study finds clear efforts to develop collective agency at times, but it is a fragile emergence. Across all groups, collective agency becomes enabled when initiative to address a problem combines with manageable tasks, simple solutions, and group affirmation. However, these processes do not enable groups to fully address the complex problems they face, leaving groups vulnerable to recurrent experiences of inefficacy and overwhelm that quash collective agency. The findings offer a new understanding of school improvement amid adversity as a struggle to improve at “the next level of work,” calling for reforms designed to sustain a foundation of collective agency.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10833-023-09500-x) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s10805-024-09505-y/) Differences in Support for Retractions Based on Information Hazards Among Undergraduates and Federally Funded Scientists
Jan 22nd 2024, 13:58

Abstract
Retractions have traditionally been reserved for correcting the scientific record and discouraging research misconduct. Nonetheless, the potential for actual societal harm resulting from accurately reported published scientific findings, so-called information hazards, has been the subject of several recent article retractions. As these instances increase, the extent of support for such decisions among the scientific community and lay public remains unclear. Undergraduates (Study 1) and federally funded researchers (Study 2) reported their support for retraction decisions described as due to misconduct, honest errors, or potential information hazards. Participants supported retraction on the former two grounds more than the latter. Despite limited support, women remained more receptive to retractions based on information hazards. Activist tendencies additionally predicted undergraduate men’s receptivity. Receptivity toward retraction due to information hazards was unrelated to scientists’ engagement in activism, suggesting that formal scientific training affords researchers an ability to separate personal and professional values in scientific discourse. Findings could inform the development of educational materials that may aid less experienced scientists and the lay public in understanding retraction ethics.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10805-024-09505-y) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s10805-024-09506-x/) Predicting Academic Dishonesty: The Role of Psychopathic Traits, Perception of Academic Dishonesty, Moral Disengagement and Motivation
Jan 22nd 2024, 13:58

Abstract
This study conducted on a sample of 295 Dutch and Italian undergraduate and graduate students aims to investigate how psychopathic personality traits (meanness, boldness and disinhibition) may lead to cheating behavior, and to study whether there are correlations between psychopathic traits, motivation, moral disengagement, the perception of seriousness of academic dishonesty and frequency of academic dishonesty to try to better understand what causes students to cheat and engage in dishonest conduct. Results confirmed the key role of psychopathic traits, particularly the disinhibition aspect in predicting academic dishonesty. In addition, it was shown that students’ perceptions of what constitutes academic dishonesty and what does not are also important in predicting the frequency of dishonest behavior. Furthermore, the role of motivation and moral disengagement in predicting and mediating the relationship between traits of psychopathy and academic dishonesty were analyzed through mediation and regression analysis.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10805-024-09506-x) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s10805-023-09499-z/) Alexithymia as a Factor in Changing Ethical Positions: An Empirical Study on Student of University Health Services Vocational Schools in Turkey
Jan 22nd 2024, 13:57

Abstract
Ethical decision-making is often evaluated in the literature through deontological and teleological approaches, commonly referred to as ethical positions. Ethical decision-making requires an awareness of ethical sensitivity and ethical dilemmas. It involves understanding the emotional experiences of others and assisting them. In cases of alexithymia, where there is difficulty in understanding and expressing emotional experiences, empathy may be limited, and emotions may not be effectively used. In this research, the impact of the level of alexithymia on ethical positions in students of the School of Health Services, along with demographic variables, was evaluated. In this descriptive research using a quantitative research approach, data was obtained using the “Ethical Position Scale-EPQ” and the “Toronto Alexithymia Scale-TAS.” Analysis was performed using the reliability testing, t-test, One-Way ANOVA Test, LSD multiple comparison test, and Pearson Correlation and Regression Analysis test were used. In ethical decision-making, it has been found that women are more idealistic than men, while men tend to be more alexithymic and deficient in outward thinking. As students’ levels of alexithymia increase, they are determined to adopt a more relativistic approach. It has been observed that relativism increases and idealism decreases significantly among individuals with high alexithymia scores. These findings indicate that the level of alexithymia has a significant impact on ethical positions. The fact that individuals with high levels of alexithymia adopt a subjective position that is less concerned with the consequences of an action on others and resembles egoism suggests that these individuals may have difficulty in empathizing due to emotional inadequacy.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10805-023-09499-z) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s10805-023-09499-z/) Alexithymia as a Factor in Changing Ethical Positions: An Empirical Study on Student of University Health Services Vocational Schools in Turkey was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s10805-024-09503-0/) Teaching Ethics in Teacher Education: ICT-Enhanced, Case-Based and Active Learning Approach with Continuous Formative Assessment
Jan 22nd 2024, 13:57

Abstract
The teaching of ethics in teacher education programs is crucial for fostering the moral and ethical development of prospective teachers and shaping them into ethical role models for future students. This study, employing qualitative case study research, gathered data from undergraduates in teacher education programs to explore the best approaches for ethics education. It found that combining digital and case-based pedagogical methods, fostering an open-minded attitude among lecturers, and implementing a blend of Socratic and active learning techniques leads to the most favorable outcomes. Additionally, continuous formative assessment throughout the academic year is essential. To cultivate a teaching workforce with strong ethical and moral values, undergraduate courses in ethics and morality should be thought-provoking, integrating real-life cases with a mix of digital and tangible resources. The ethics course lecturer should not only serve as a role model and exhibit a caring disposition but also use effective teaching methodologies. The paper details key themes and categories for successful ethics instruction and offers specific recommendations.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10805-024-09503-0) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s00431-023-05414-1/) Computerized adaptive testing to screen pre-school children for emotional and behavioral problems
Jan 22nd 2024, 13:57

Abstract 
Questionnaires to detect emotional and behavioral (EB) problems in preventive child healthcare (PCH) should be short; this potentially affects their validity and reliability. Computerized adaptive testing (CAT) could overcome this weakness. The aim of this study was to (1) develop a CAT to measure EB problems among pre-school children and (2) assess the efficiency and validity of this CAT. We used a Dutch national dataset obtained from parents of pre-school children undergoing a well-child care assessment by PCH (n = 2192, response 70%). Data regarded 197 items on EB problems, based on four questionnaires, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social Emotional (ASQ:SE), and the Brief Infant–Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA). Using 80% of the sample, we calculated item parameters necessary for a CAT and defined a cutoff for EB problems. With the remaining part of the sample, we used simulation techniques to determine the validity and efficiency of this CAT, using as criterion a total clinical score on the CBCL. Item criteria were met by 193 items. This CAT needed, on average, 16 items to identify children with EB problems. Sensitivity and specificity compared to a clinical score on the CBCL were 0.89 and 0.91, respectively, for total problems; 0.80 and 0.93 for emotional problems; and 0.94 and 0.91 for behavioral problems.
    Conclusion: A CAT is very promising for the identification of EB problems in pre-school children, as it seems to yield an efficient, yet high-quality identification. This conclusion should be confirmed by real-life administration of this CAT.

What is Known:
• Studies indicate the validity of using computerized adaptive test (CAT) applications to identify emotional and behavioral problems in school-aged children.
• Evidence is as yet limited on whether CAT applications can also be used with pre-school children.

What is New:
• The results of this study show that a computerized adaptive test is very promising for the identification of emotional and behavior problems in pre-school children, as it appears to yield an efficient and high-quality identification.

(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00431-023-05414-1) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s00431-024-05436-3/) Greater rate of weight loss predicts paediatric hospital admission in adolescent typical and atypical anorexia nervosa
Jan 22nd 2024, 13:57

Abstract
Hospital admissions for eating disorders (ED) are rapidly increasing. Limited research exists evidencing the factors that lead to hospital admissions or their outcomes. The current study aimed to identify predictors of hospital admission in adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) or atypical anorexia nervosa (AAN). Prospective observational study including participants (n = 205) aged 11–18 and diagnosed with AN or AAN at initial ED assessment, across eight London clinics. Physical health parameters at assessment, including heart rate, blood pressure, temperature and rate of weight loss, were compared between adolescents who were admitted to a paediatric ward following assessment and those who were not admitted. The mean rate of weight loss prior to assessment was significantly higher, and mean energy intake significantly lower, in the admitted vs not admitted groups (1.2 vs 0.6kg/week, p < 0.001 and 565 kcal/day vs 857 kcal/day, p < 0.001), independent of degree of underweight. No significant differences were identified between groups in all other parameters of physical risk. Underweight adolescents with AN were equally likely to be admitted as non-underweight adolescents with AAN.
  Conclusion: This study provides evidence on predictors of hospital admission, from a sample representing the London area. The assessment of weight loss speed, duration and magnitude are recommended as priority parameters that inform the risk of deterioration and the likelihood of hospital admission in adolescent AN and AAN. Further research investigating outcomes of these hospital admission is needed.

What is Known:
• Hospital admissions for eating disorders (ED) are rapidly increasing.
• Limited research exists evidencing the factors that lead to hospital admissions, or their outcomes.

What is New:
• This study provides evidence on predictors of hospital admission in young people with typical and atypical anorexia nervosa.
• Weight loss speed, duration, and magnitude are recommended as priority parameters that inform the risk of deterioration and the likelihood of hospital admission in this patient group.

(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00431-024-05436-3) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s00431-024-05440-7/) The risk of hospitalisation from RSV is not increased by co-infection in children under 24-months-of-age
Jan 22nd 2024, 13:57

Abstract
The recent pandemic prompted renewed interest in paediatric respiratory infections, including whether co-infections – particularly with RSV – have an adverse prognostic impact. We evaluated the charts of all children presenting with respiratory symptoms to our unit between October 2022 and April 2023, each of whom was subjected to a multiplex PCR assay to detect eight viral targets and one bacterial target and examine the relationships between mono- and co-infections and hospitalization outcomes. We observed that younger age and RSV infection were both associated with the need for hospitalisation and the duration of hospitalisation after adjusting for confounders. Co-infection was, however, not associated with these outcomes. 
  Conclusion: This real-world data add to a growing consensus that RSV increases the risk of hospitalisation, while other co-infections, except for co-infection with SARS-CoV-2, do not. Given the timeframe over which our study was conducted, only a few children had SARS-CoV-2 co-infection, so we could not confirm any significant effect from this interaction.

What is Known:
• RSV increases the risk of hospitalisation and the need tor ventilatory support, especially in very young children.

What is New:
• Younger age and RSV infection were both associated with the need for hospitalisation and the duration of hospitalisation after adjusting for confounders.
• Co-infection was, however, not associated with these outcomes.

(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00431-024-05440-7) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s00431-024-05424-7/) Criteria for discharge of preterm infants from Canadian neonatal intensive care units
Jan 22nd 2024, 13:57

Abstract
Initial discharge from a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to home is a crucial milestone that impacts preterm infants, their families, and NICUs. Standardized discharge programs individualized for family needs can ensure a safe transfer of care to parents, decrease the length of stay and hospital costs, and improve parents’ satisfaction. To assess the degree of variability in the current discharge criteria of preterm infants less than 34 weeks’ gestation among Canadian NICUs, explore different institution-specific guidelines and degree of adherence to the Canadian Paediatric Society (CPS) guidelines. A clinical representative of each of the 117 level 2–4 Canadian NICUs was contacted via email to participate in an anonymous survey link regarding the discharge criteria of preterm infants. Responders from ninety-eight NICUs (84%), representing all Canadian provinces, completed the survey. Most were nurse practitioners (43%) and neonatologists (31%) with > 5 years of experience (87%). Level 3 and 4 NICUs represented 63% of responses. Units varied widely in many discharge criteria and in their adherence to CPS guidelines. Most of the units (81%) lack written discharge guidelines; 60% do not have a dedicated discharge coordinator, and 45% do not have a post-discharge clinic. Only 25% routinely teach parents CPR and only half of the surveyed units provide parental support programs.
  Conclusion: There is a significant heterogeneity in discharge practices of preterm infants among Canadian NICUs. This survey provides a basis for benchmarking and knowledge sharing.

What is Known:
• Discharging preterm infants from the NICU impacts preterm infants, their families, and NICUs.
• All efforts should ensure a safe transfer of care to parents, decrease the length of stay, better utilize resources, and improve parents’ satisfaction.

What is New:
• The discharge criteria of preterm infants vary widely among NICUs.
• This survey provides benchmark information and exposes the need to better standardize discharge practices and the subsequent support for infants and parents.

(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00431-024-05424-7) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s10903-023-01577-z/) Correction: Immunotherapy Treatment Disparities: A Texas Cancer Registry Analysis of Patients with Cutaneous Melanoma
Jan 22nd 2024, 13:57

(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10903-023-01577-z) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s10903-023-01577-z/) Correction: Immunotherapy Treatment Disparities: A Texas Cancer Registry Analysis of Patients with Cutaneous Melanoma was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s10903-023-01511-3/) Correction: What is the Impact of Human Trafficking on the Biopsychosocial Health of Victims: A Systematic Review
Jan 22nd 2024, 13:57

(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10903-023-01511-3) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s12978-024-01740-1/) Designing, validation and evaluation of the expert system of “Healthy Menopause” and assessing its effect on the management of menopause symptoms: an exploratory mixed method study protocol
Jan 22nd 2024, 13:56

Abstract

Background
Menopause is a period of women’s life that has the especial physical, psychological and social challenges. So provision of an effective, practical and affordable way for meeting women’s related needs is important. In addition, women should be able to incorporate such programs into their daily work. Considering the dearth of suitable services in this regard, this study will be conducted with the aim of designing, validating and evaluating the “Healthy Menopause” expert system on the management of menopausal symptoms.

Methods/design
A mixed methods exploratory design will be used to conduct this study in 3 phases. The first phase is a qualitative conventional content analysis study with purposes of exploring the women’s experience of menopausal symptoms and extracting their needs, and collecting data about their expectations from a healthy menopause expert system.. The purposive sampling (In his phase data will be gathered through interviewing menopaused women aged 40 to 60 years old and other persons that have rich information in this regard and will be continued until data saturation. The second phase includes designing a healthy menopause expert system in this stage, the needs will be extracted from the qualitative findings along with a comprehensive literature review. The extracted needs will be again confirmed by the participants. Then, through a participatory approach (Participatory Design) using nominal group or Delphi technique the experts’ opinion about the priority needs of menopaused women and related solutions will be explored based on the categories of identified needs. Such findings will be used to design a healthy menopause expert system at this stage. The third phase of study is a quantitative research in which the evaluation of the healthy menopause expert system will be done through a randomized controlled clinical trial with the aim of determining the effect of the healthy menopause expert system on the management of menopause symptoms by menopausal women themselves.

Discussion
This is the first study that uses a mixed method approach for designing, validating and evaluating of the expert system “Healthy Menopause”. This study will fill the research gap in the field of improving menopausal symptoms and designing a healthy menopause expert system based on the needs of the large group of menopause women. We hope that by applying this expert system, the menopausal women be empowered to management and improving their health with an easy and affordable manner.

(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12978-024-01740-1) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s12978-023-01736-3/) Maternal and fetal/neonatal outcomes in pregnancy, delivery and postpartum following bariatric surgery and comparison with pregnant women with obesity: a study protocol for a prospective cohort
Jan 22nd 2024, 13:56

Abstract

Background
Being obese can lead to various complications during pregnancy, such as Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), Pre-Eclampsia (PE), and Large Gestational Age (LGA). Although bariatric surgery is an effective way to treat obesity, it can also result in complications and may be linked to having small for gestational age (SGA) babies. This cohort study protocol aims to compare the maternal and fetal/neonatal outcomes of two groups of Iranian pregnant women: those who have undergone bariatric surgery and those who are obese but have not had bariatric surgery.

Methods
In this study Pregnant women (< 14 weeks’ gestation) (n = 38 per group) are recruited either from one of the obesity clinic (exposure group = with a history of bariatric surgery) or primary healthcare clinics in Tehran city (comparison group = pregnant women with obesity and and no history of bariatric surgery). Dietary intake and nutrient status are assessed at < 14, 28, and 36 weeks. Maternal and fetal/neonatal outcomes are compared between the two groups, including gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, preterm labor, intrauterine growth restriction, severe nausea and vomiting, abortion, placenta previa and abruption, venous thrombosis, vaginal bleeding, cesarean delivery, meconium aspiration, and respiratory distress. Maternal serum levels of ferritin, albumin, zinc, calcium, magnesium, selenium, copper, vitamins A, B9, B12, and 25-hydroxy Vit D are checked during 24th to 28th weeks. Maternal and neonatal outcomes, including height, weight, head circumference, fetal abnormality, infection, small or large fetus, low birth weight, macrosomia, NICU admission, and total weight gain during pregnancy, are measured at birth. Maternal and offspring outcomes, including weight, height, head circumference, total weight gain during pregnancy, newborn diseases, postpartum bleeding, breastfeeding, and related problems, are assessed 6 weeks after delivery. Child’s weight, height, and head circumference are followed at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 months after birth. Maternal stress, anxiety, and depression are assessed with the DASS-21 questionnaire, and physical activity is evaluated using the PPAQ questionnaire in the first and third trimesters.

Discussion
By assessing the levels of micronutrients in the blood of pregnant women along with the evaluation of pregnancy outcomes, it is feasible to gain a more accurate understanding of how bariatric surgery affects the health and potential complications for both the mother and the fetus/newborn. This information can help specialists and patients make more informed decisions about the surgery. Additionally, by examining issues such as stress, anxiety, and depression in women undergoing surgery, this study can contribute to recognizing these problems, which can also affect pregnancy outcomes.

(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12978-023-01736-3) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s12978-023-01736-3/) Maternal and fetal/neonatal outcomes in pregnancy, delivery and postpartum following bariatric surgery and comparison with pregnant women with obesity: a study protocol for a prospective cohort was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/jnp-12359/) The German version of the Oxford Cognitive Screen (D‐OCS): Normative data and validation in acute stroke and a mixed neurological sample
Jan 22nd 2024, 13:56

Abstract
Given the frequency of stroke worldwide, tools for neuropsychological assessment of patients with acute stroke are needed to identify cognitive impairments, guide rehabilitation efforts and allow for a prognosis of outcome. However, requirements for assessment tools for acute cognitive deficits differ substantially from tests for chronic neuropsychological impairments and screening tools for suspected dementia. The Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS) has been developed as a quick to administer neurocognitive screening for acute neurological patients providing information on various cognitive domains. It is available in different languages. The present study reports cut-off scores, parallel-test reliability and concurrent validity of the German version (D-OCS). Following standardized language adaptation and translation, the D-OCS was administered to 100 healthy individuals to generate cut-off scores (5th percentile). Subsequently, 88 neurological patients were assessed with both versions of the D-OCS as well as other tests to evaluate reliability and validity of the D-OCS subscales. In a further study, the D-OCS was compared to the MoCA test in 65 acute stroke patients revealing comparable sensitivity but also differences between both tools. The cut-off scores were comparable to other international versions of the OCS. Intraclass correlations were highly significant and document reliability of the D-OCS subtests. Scores on subtests correlated significantly with independent tests securing validity. Comparison with the MoCA revealed comparable sensitivity and specificity. The D-OCS is a reliable and valid assessment tool well suited for patients with acute stroke. Differences to the MoCA test are discussed.
(https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jnp.12359?af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s12978-023-01729-2/) Barriers and delays in access to abortion care: a cross-sectional study of people traveling to obtain care in England and the Netherlands from European countries where abortion is legal on broad grounds
Jan 22nd 2024, 13:56

Abstract

Introduction
This study characterized the extent to which (1) financial barriers and (2) abortion care-seeking within a person’s country of residence were associated with delays in abortion access among those travelling to England and the Netherlands for abortion care from European countries where abortion is legal on broad grounds in the first trimester but where access past the first trimester is limited to specific circumstances.

Methodology
We drew on cross-sectional survey data collected at five abortion clinics in England and the Netherlands from 2017 to 2019 (n = 164). We assessed the relationship between difficulty paying for the abortion/travel, acute financial insecurity, and in-country care seeking on delays to abortion using multivariable discrete-time hazards models.

Results
Participants who reported facing both difficulty paying for the abortion procedure and/or travel and difficulty covering basic living costs in the last month reported longer delays in accessing care than those who had no financial difficulty (adjusted hazard odds ratio: 0.39 95% CI 0.21–0.74). This group delayed paying other expenses (39%) or sold something of value (13%) to fund their abortion, resulting in ~ 60% of those with financial difficulty reporting it took them over a week to raise the funds needed for their abortion. Having contacted or visited an abortion provider in the country of residence was associated with delays in presenting abroad for an abortion.

Discussion
These findings point to inequities in access to timely abortion care based on socioeconomic status. Legal time limits on abortion may intersect with individuals’ interactions with the health care system to delay care.

(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12978-023-01729-2) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s12978-023-01729-2/) Barriers and delays in access to abortion care: a cross-sectional study of people traveling to obtain care in England and the Netherlands from European countries where abortion is legal on broad grounds was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/job-2769/) Resetting relationship trajectories: A reconceptualization of the relationship repair process
Jan 22nd 2024, 13:56

Summary
Negative events within and outside of work can disrupt coworkers’ relationships, triggering a re-evaluation of relationship quality. The subjective experience of these events – which we term relationship threats – harms relationships, resulting in long-lasting negative interpersonal and organizational consequences. Coworkers’ responses to a relationship threat determine whether relationships are repaired or whether the threat leads to a loss of commitment, lowered satisfaction, and increased negative affect. Because of the critical role that relationships play in organizational life, it is vital that we have a comprehensive understanding of the repair process. To date, researchers have focused on one of three repair processes: trust repair. In reconceptualizing relationship repair, we flesh out the remaining two processes: relationship work and sensemaking. Our reconceptualization balances the restorative actions that mitigate in-the-moment harm with those that sustain these benefits over time. We expand our understanding of relationship repair by highlighting the role that narrative foundations play in determining a relationships’ vulnerabilities and determining effective repair processes. We highlight the importance of considering relationship threats as events embedded within a relationship’s history; identify narrative foundations as a bridging mechanism between disrupted relationships and their repair; and expand our conceptualization of the processes that repair relationships.
(https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/job.2769?af=R) Read the full article ›
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Forwarded by:
Michael Reeder LCPC
Baltimore, MD

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