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[Article Digests for Psychology & Social Work]

NYU Information for Practice Daily Digest (Unofficial)

 

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/infographics/intergenerational-educational-immobility-among-those-born-in-the-united-states-1940-to-1990/) Intergenerational Educational (Im)mobility Among Those Born in the United States, 1940 to 1990
Aug 31st 2024, 16:03

The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/infographics/intergenerational-educational-immobility-among-those-born-in-the-united-states-1940-to-1990/) Intergenerational Educational (Im)mobility Among Those Born in the United States, 1940 to 1990 was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/receipt-of-opioid-agonist-treatment-in-provincial-correctional-facilities-in-british-columbia-is-associated-with-a-reduced-hazard-of-nonfatal-overdose-in-the-month-following-release-2/) Receipt of Opioid Agonist Treatment in provincial correctional facilities in British Columbia is associated with a reduced hazard of nonfatal overdose in the month following release
Aug 31st 2024, 15:08

The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/receipt-of-opioid-agonist-treatment-in-provincial-correctional-facilities-in-british-columbia-is-associated-with-a-reduced-hazard-of-nonfatal-overdose-in-the-month-following-release-2/) Receipt of Opioid Agonist Treatment in provincial correctional facilities in British Columbia is associated with a reduced hazard of nonfatal overdose in the month following release was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/jech-2023-220669v1/) Objective and subjective accounts of urban exposures for epidemiological research on mental health. Measurement and analysis
Aug 31st 2024, 15:07

The interest in the impact of urban environmental exposures (UrbEEs) on mental health has greatly increased in the last two decades. Researchers have tended to measure said exposures either via objective measurement procedures (eg, air pollution campaigns and geographic information systems computations) or by self-reported techniques such as the use of scales and questionnaires. It has been suggested that studying both the objective features of the environments and people’s perceptions are key to understand environmental determinants of health and might be needed to tailor effective interventions. However, there is little guidance on how to approach this matter, the comparability between objective and subjective accounts of UrbEEs and, more importantly, suitable statistical procedures to deal with the practicalities of this kind of data. In this essay, we aim to build the case for the joint use of both sets of variables in epidemiological studies and propose socioecological models as a valid theoretical framework to accommodate these. In the methodological sphere, we will also review current literature to select examples of (un)appropriate subjective accounts of urban exposures and propose a series of statistical procedures to estimate the total, direct and indirect effects of UrbEEs on mental health and the potential associations between objective and subjective UrbEEs accounts.
(https://jech.bmj.com/content/early/2024/07/30/jech-2023-220669?rss=1) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/jech-2023-220669v1/) Objective and subjective accounts of urban exposures for epidemiological research on mental health. Measurement and analysis was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/news/first-line-antidepressants-linked-to-lower-fall-risk-in-older-patients-with-depression/) First-Line Antidepressants Linked to Lower Fall Risk in Older Patients With Depression
Aug 31st 2024, 14:48

Compared with adults receiving no treatment, those receiving psychotherapy did not demonstrate any increased or decreased risk of falls or related injuries. However, compared with no treatment, taking first-line antidepressants was associated with a lower risk of falls.
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/news/first-line-antidepressants-linked-to-lower-fall-risk-in-older-patients-with-depression/) First-Line Antidepressants Linked to Lower Fall Risk in Older Patients With Depression was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/jme-2024-110244v2/) Designing AI for mental health diagnosis: responding to critics
Aug 31st 2024, 14:09

Introduction
This commentary aims to respond to some criticism against our paper entitled ‘Designing AI for Mental Health Diagnosis: Challenges from sub-Saharan value-laden Judgments on Mental Health Disorders’.1 While we are sympathetic to the invaluable critiques of some authors, we show that some misunderstanding arises in reading our conceptualisation of the condition we use as a central example of disease in our paper.
A brief recap of our argument
We argue, in our paper, that there are obvious context-specific value judgments when it comes to mental health disorders, which obscures an application of generic machine learning (ML) in the diagnosis of these conditions. To contextualise our contention, our understanding of mental health disorder is grounded in Jerome Wakefield’s2 hybrid theorisation of disease as that which encompasses aspects of the normativist and naturalist accounts of health. Wakefield theorises that facts are necessary but insufficient to make a condition…

(https://www.bmj.com/company/wp-login.php?registration=disabled) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/jme-2024-110244v2/) Designing AI for mental health diagnosis: responding to critics was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/tc-2024-058719v1/) Reframing social media discourse following the FDAs menthol ban announcement as industry agenda setting rather than public sentiment
Aug 31st 2024, 14:08

Background
The tobacco industry has spent millions of dollars promoting racialised narratives against the US Food and Drug Administration’s recently announced ban on menthol as a characterising cigarette flavour. This research investigates racialised narratives in online discourse following the ban’s announcement.
Methods
Tweets and users responding to the April 2022 menthol ban announcement were content analysed to examine the influence of tobacco industry affiliates and potentially organic African-American/Black (AA/B) users. Next we investigated the extent to which the menthol ban was discussed on AA/B subreddits and used Latent Dirichlet Allocation topic modelling to provide an overview of the menthol ban discussion on Reddit.
Results
Only 28 (13.9%) tweets by 22 users claimed that the menthol ban would lead to police violence and/or racial discrimination. Of users who tweeted about over-policing, eight (36.4%) had financial connections to the tobacco industry. There were only three tweets receiving a combined seven retweets from potentially organic AA/B users. On Reddit, only two posts with one comment discussed the menthol ban on subreddits dedicated to AA/B issues and culture. Topic modelling showed that the most common topic related to the menthol ban involved the social and political implications of the ban followed by illicit markets and protecting youth.
Conclusion
Tweets claiming a menthol ban will lead to police violence are indicative of industry agenda-setting. The menthol ban was not a prominent topic of discussion in AA/B subreddits although users discussing news and politics expressed concern for how AA/B people would respond to a ban politically.

(https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/early/2024/07/26/tc-2024-058719?rss=1) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/tc-2024-058719v1/) Reframing social media discourse following the FDAs menthol ban announcement as industry agenda setting rather than public sentiment was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/activity-limitations-use-of-assistive-devices-and-mortality-and-clinical-events-in-25-high-income-middle-income-and-low-income-countries-an-analysis-of-the-pure-study/) Activity limitations, use of assistive devices, and mortality and clinical events in 25 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: an analysis of the PURE study
Aug 31st 2024, 13:59

The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/activity-limitations-use-of-assistive-devices-and-mortality-and-clinical-events-in-25-high-income-middle-income-and-low-income-countries-an-analysis-of-the-pure-study/) Activity limitations, use of assistive devices, and mortality and clinical events in 25 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: an analysis of the PURE study was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/meta-analyses-systematic-reviews/mobile-apps-to-reduce-depressive-symptoms-and-alcohol-use-in-youth-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis/) Mobile apps to reduce depressive symptoms and alcohol use in youth: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Aug 31st 2024, 13:57

The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/meta-analyses-systematic-reviews/mobile-apps-to-reduce-depressive-symptoms-and-alcohol-use-in-youth-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis/) Mobile apps to reduce depressive symptoms and alcohol use in youth: A systematic review and meta-analysis was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/medhum-2024-012957v1/) Patients as knowledge partners in the context of complex chronic conditions
Aug 31st 2024, 13:13

This article conveys how taking patient knowledge seriously can improve patient experience and further medical science. In clinical contexts related to infection-associated chronic conditions and other complex chronic illnesses, patient knowledge is often undervalued, even when clinicians have limited training in diagnosing and treating a particular condition. Despite growing acknowledgement of the importance of patients as ‘stakeholders’, clinicians and medical researchers have yet to fully develop ways to evaluate and, when appropriate, meaningfully incorporate patient knowledge—experiential, scientific, social scientific, historical or otherwise—into clinical practice and research. We argue that there are opportunities for clinicians and researchers to collaborate with patients and colleagues from the social sciences and humanities. We use two examples to demonstrate why patient knowledge should inform medical engagement with chronic and complex conditions. The first comes from a disability studies scholar who describes the social biases that can sideline patient expertise, and the second is from an anthropologist whose reading in medical humanities led to an effective treatment for her recovery. Rather than merely acknowledging ‘lived experience’, clinical and research teams should include patients with complex chronic conditions as ‘knowledge partners’. These patients occupy unique and valuable epistemological positions, and their knowledge should be considered with as much openness and rigour as other forms of medical knowledge. As more medical schools, residency programmes and hospitals emphasise the need for ‘deep listening’ and patient input, we encourage meaningful engagement with patients whose insights can provide crucial knowledge for clinical and scientific advancement.
(https://mh.bmj.com/content/early/2024/07/18/medhum-2024-012957?rss=1) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/ip-2023-045221v1/) Assessing the American publics preferences for reforms to teen driving licensure systems: a discrete choice experiment
Aug 31st 2024, 13:12

Objectives
To analyse factors influencing the American public’s preferences for changes to teenage driver licensing requirements.
Methods
We employed a discrete choice experiment (DCE) with 808 participants from National Opinion Research Center’s AmeriSpeak panel to assess preferences for two existing elements (on-road testing and intermediate licensure period) and a new feature (driver monitoring with telematics during the intermediate licensure period) of licensing system. Multinomial and mixed logit models were used to estimate preference weights, marginal rates of substitution and the relative importance of each attribute.
Results
Among 730 respondents who completed all DCE choice tasks, we found robust support for changes to teenage driver licensing requirements, with preferences varying by individual characteristics. Respondents expressed a high baseline support for changes to teen driving licensure policies. They favoured testing, prioritising easy tests and opposed prolonged driver monitoring and extended intermediate licensure periods. Baseline preference weights exhibited substantial heterogeneity, emphasising the diversity of public preferences. The marginal rates of substitution revealed a preference for extended driver monitoring over an extended intermediate licensure period. An easy test was valued at 2.85 times more than a hard one. The most influential attributes were the length of intermediate licence period and testing requirements, with the former twice as important.
Conclusions
Our study found robust support for reforms to teenage driver licensing requirements, favouring easier on-road driving tests over an extended period of intermediate licensure and driver monitoring. Public preferences for licensing systems need to be balanced with the broader policy objectives including optimising mobility and maximising safety.

(https://injuryprevention.bmj.com/content/early/2024/07/28/ip-2023-045221?rss=1) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/ip-2023-045221v1/) Assessing the American publics preferences for reforms to teen driving licensure systems: a discrete choice experiment was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/bmjsrh-2024-202372v1/) Changes in male permanent contraception as partner access to long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) increases: an analysis of the National Survey for Family Growth, 2006-2010 versus 2017-2019
Aug 31st 2024, 13:11

Objective
Male permanent contraception (PC), that is, vasectomy, is an effective way of preventing pregnancy. In the United States, male PC use has historically been concentrated among higher-educated/higher-income males of White race. In the last decade, use of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) has increased dramatically. We sought to understand how sociodemographic patterns of male PC have changed in the context of rising LARC use.
Study design
We examined the nationally representative male public use files of the National Survey for Family Growth (NSFG) across five survey waves. Our outcome was primary contraceptive use at last sexual encounter within 12 months. Using four-way multinomial logistic regressions (male PC, female PC, LARC, lower-efficacy methods), we compared sociodemographic factors predictive of male PC use versus reported partner LARC use between 2006–2010 (early) and 2017–2019 (recent) waves.
Results
We included 15 964 participants. From 2006 to 2019, there were absolute declines in male PC from 8.0% to 6.8%, while male-reported partner LARC use increased three-fold, from 3.4% to 11.0%. Among the highest economic strata, use of LARC converged with male PC. In adjusted analyses, high income significantly associated with male PC use in the early wave (OR 4.6 (1.4, 14.8)), but no longer in the recent wave (OR 0.9 (0.2, 4.2)). Marital status remained a significant but declining predictor of male PC across survey waves, and instead, by 2019, number of children newly emerged as the strongest predictor of male PC use.
Conclusion
Sociodemographic variables associated with vasectomy use are evolving, especially among high-income earners.

(https://srh.bmj.com/content/early/2024/07/16/bmjsrh-2024-202372?rss=1) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/bmjsrh-2024-202372v1/) Changes in male permanent contraception as partner access to long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) increases: an analysis of the National Survey for Family Growth, 2006-2010 versus 2017-2019 was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/grey-literature/tracking-higher-eds-dismantling-of-dei/) Tracking Higher Ed’s Dismantling of DEI
Aug 31st 2024, 13:03

The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/grey-literature/tracking-higher-eds-dismantling-of-dei/) Tracking Higher Ed’s Dismantling of DEI was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/07347332-2023-2291798/) Differentiating gender-based reproductive concerns among adolescent and young adult cancer patients: A mixed methods study
Aug 31st 2024, 12:32

Volume 42, Issue 4, 2024, Page 526-542. 
(https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07347332.2023.2291798?ai=1db&mi=79r7c4&af=R) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/07347332-2023-2291798/) Differentiating gender-based reproductive concerns among adolescent and young adult cancer patients: A mixed methods study was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/reduced-adaptability-to-balance-perturbations-in-older-adults-with-probable-cognitive-impairment-after-a-severe-fall/) Reduced adaptability to balance perturbations in older adults with probable cognitive impairment after a severe fall
Aug 31st 2024, 12:29

The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/reduced-adaptability-to-balance-perturbations-in-older-adults-with-probable-cognitive-impairment-after-a-severe-fall/) Reduced adaptability to balance perturbations in older adults with probable cognitive impairment after a severe fall was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/monographs-edited-collections/pathways-to-positive-public-administration-an-international-perspective/) Pathways to Positive Public Administration: An International Perspective
Aug 31st 2024, 12:12

The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/monographs-edited-collections/pathways-to-positive-public-administration-an-international-perspective/) Pathways to Positive Public Administration: An International Perspective was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/podcasts/the-covid-tracking-project-part-3/) The COVID Tracking Project Part 3
Aug 31st 2024, 11:42

The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/podcasts/the-covid-tracking-project-part-3/) The COVID Tracking Project Part 3 was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/15374416-2024-2359650/) Future Directions for Community-Engaged Research in Clinical Psychological Science with Youth
Aug 31st 2024, 11:32

Volume 53, Issue 3, May-June 2024, Page 503-522. 
(https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15374416.2024.2359650?ai=xq&mi=79r7c4&af=R) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/15374416-2024-2359650/) Future Directions for Community-Engaged Research in Clinical Psychological Science with Youth was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/video/leading-the-way-on-the-journey-to-health-equity-and-wellness-for-american-indians-alaska-natives/) Leading the Way on the Journey to Health Equity and Wellness for American Indians/Alaska Natives
Aug 31st 2024, 11:06

The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/video/leading-the-way-on-the-journey-to-health-equity-and-wellness-for-american-indians-alaska-natives/) Leading the Way on the Journey to Health Equity and Wellness for American Indians/Alaska Natives was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/bmjsrh-2024-202360v1/) Acceptability of home-based medical abortion among Hong Kong women undergoing an abortion: a cross-sectional study
Aug 31st 2024, 10:58

The new WHO Abortion Care Guideline published in 2022 highlighted the need for quality person-centred service, including a recommendation for the self-management of medical abortions at gestational ages under 12 weeks.1 International studies have found that home-based medical abortions were as safe and effective as institution-based care and that this service mode was well accepted by women.2 However, this option is currently unavailable in Hong Kong, as abortions can only legally be conducted at one of 20 gazetted institutions, including the Family Planning Association of Hong Kong (FPAHK), where one-third of the legal abortions were performed. Few studies have examined women’s opinions on medical abortion in Hong Kong since two pilot studies in the 1990s when this abortion method was first introduced for research purposes.3 4 We sought to assess whether a home-based medical abortion service would be accepted by potential service…
(https://srh.bmj.com/cgi/content/short/bmjsrh-2024-202360v1?rss=1) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/bmjsrh-2024-202360v1/) Acceptability of home-based medical abortion among Hong Kong women undergoing an abortion: a cross-sectional study was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/associations-between-mental-health-substance-use-treatment-and-alcohol-use-progression-and-recovery-among-us-women-drinkers-2/) Associations between mental health & substance use treatment and alcohol use progression and recovery among US women drinkers
Aug 31st 2024, 10:57

The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/associations-between-mental-health-substance-use-treatment-and-alcohol-use-progression-and-recovery-among-us-women-drinkers-2/) Associations between mental health & substance use treatment and alcohol use progression and recovery among US women drinkers was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/medhum-2024-012894v2/) Hidden in plain sight: the covering of patients eyes and a microethics of medical photography
Aug 31st 2024, 10:57

This article uses the author’s experience of researching historical photographs of facial injury and surgical reconstruction to think through the ethics of writing about and publishing images of patients anonymised by excising or covering their eyes. This article specifically highlights tensions between the British Medical Journal’s guidelines for patient anonymity in imagery and those of the archives of the British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. The rules for reproducing these sensitive images are not standardised across disciplines nor across journals and medical archives. But by using lived academic experience, visual analysis and philosophical enquiry, a flexible personal directive (or microethics) for working with these images can be reached.
In order to more fully understand where the present-day suggestion of and debates around blocking out patients’ eyes for anonymity come from, this ethical analysis is tied back to the historical precedent of Harold Gillies’ 1920 publication Plastic Surgery of the Face, in which civilians’ eyes are covered. Theories of looking and of photography unpick some of the complex ideas that these images raise regarding patient agency in medical imagery. This article will have direct application for any researcher grappling with similarly difficult material wondering how to frame their own microethics or ethics in practice for discussing, showing or publishing these types of images.
(https://mh.bmj.com/cgi/content/short/medhum-2024-012894v2?rss=1) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/spcare-2024-005132v1/) Incidence and outcomes of falls in an inpatient palliative care unit: a single-centre retrospective study
Aug 31st 2024, 10:56

Background
Falls are a significant concern in healthcare settings. While comprehensive strategies to prevent falls are employed in hospitals, there is a lack of information regarding falls within inpatient palliative care units.
Method
This retrospective cohort study analysed fall incidence, characteristics and outcomes in a metropolitan inpatient palliative care unit over a 1 year period. Falls were identified using the online incident reporting system and patient characteristics, fall risk assessment and prevention measures were obtained through the electronic patient records.
Results
During the study period, there were 61 falls by 51 patients out of a total of 525 admitted patients. The incidence of falls was 9.7% and the rate of falls was 5.8 falls per 1000 bed days for all admitted patients. Though more than half of falls resulted in no injury, 41% of patients with falls died within a week post-fall. Fall risk assessment was completed for 97% of patients at the time of the fall.
Conclusion
This study contributes to the understanding of falls in inpatient palliative care units. Fall risk assessment and prevention measures did not appear to alter the rate of falls among patients who fell. Fall prevention strategies need to be tailored to meet patient autonomy, end of life goals and maintain healthcare standards.

(https://spcare.bmj.com/cgi/content/short/spcare-2024-005132v1?rss=1) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/spcare-2023-004608v1/) Nutritional support clinical efficacy in tuberculosis: quasi-experimental study
Aug 31st 2024, 10:56

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the impact of nutritional support on the clinical efficacy in hospitalised tuberculosis patients with nutritional risk.
Methods
We selected a total of 266 eligible patients with tuberculosis for the experimental and 190 patients for control groups. The patients in intervention group received adjusted dietary structure, enteral nutrition via oral intake or gastric tube, total parenteral nutrition and combined enteral and parenteral nutrition. We recorded various factors, including age, sex, underlying disease, tuberculosis type, nutritional risk at admission, serum albumin (ALB), body mass index, complications during hospitalisation, nutritional support status, serum ALB before discharge and length of hospital stay.
Results
The incidences of nutritional risk in the control and experimental groups were 64.41% and 64.72%, respectively, with no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics. The occurrence rates of complications and secondary infections in the experimental group were 57.89% and 51.5%, respectively, which were significantly lower than the control group’s rates of 70.00% and 56.31%. These differences were statistically significant. The experimental group had a significantly shorter hospital stay (16.5±7.54 days) compared with the control group (19.55±7.33 days). Furthermore, the serum ALB levels of patients in the experimental group were higher on discharge than at admission.
Conclusion
Hospitalised patients with tuberculosis often face a high incidence of nutritional risk. However, the implementation of standardised nutritional support treatment has shown promising results in improving the nutritional status of tuberculosis patients with nutritional risk. This approach not only helps reduce the occurrence of complications but also enhances short-term prognosis and improves overall clinical efficacy.

(https://spcare.bmj.com/cgi/content/short/spcare-2023-004608v1?rss=1) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/ip-2024-045280v1/) Injury prevention in the US Maternal, Infant and Early Childhood Home Visiting programme
Aug 31st 2024, 10:56

Background
Many home-based interventions have been demonstrated to reduce unintentional and intentional injuries in young children aged 0–4 years, but an understanding of their inclusion in federally-funded home visiting programmes in the USA is needed.
Methods
The study team administered a survey to key informants at each of the 21 home visiting models approved for United States Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting program funding being implemented in 2023. Respondents were based across the United States and in other developed countries. The survey collected information about the content used by models to address unintentional injury, parental health/wellbeing, and child abuse/neglect in children aged 0-4 years.
Results
Completed surveys were returned by all respondents (n=21). Most models reported the inclusion of some unintentional injury, parental health/well-being and child abuse/neglect content. While models on average covered four of the five child abuse/neglect topics listed, only five of the nine topics listed for unintentional injury and parental health/well-being were covered. Among the services used by models to address topics, covering content via standardised curriculum and referrals were the most frequent while less than one-quarter of models (n=5) provided families with safety equipment to address unintentional injury. Less than half of the models evaluated outcomes from their injury prevention services, and no models conducted cost-effectiveness evaluations.
Conclusions
Home visiting programmes are a promising way to reduce injuries in children at high risk, but further development and evaluation of their injury prevention content could increase their impact in the USA.

(https://injuryprevention.bmj.com/cgi/content/short/ip-2024-045280v1?rss=1) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/ip-2024-045293v1/) Assessing the national and subnational firearm violence trends in Mexico from 1990 to 2019: secondary data analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study
Aug 31st 2024, 10:56

Background
Mexico is among the countries with the highest mortality rates by firearms worldwide. We aimed to analyse the trend in the burden of firearm violence (FV) by age and sex in Mexico at a national and subnational level, and the association between this burden and the Sociodemographic Index.
Methods
We used estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD)-2019 study for the analysis of FV mortality, premature mortality and disability for all available age-groups and by sex. The GBD data separates FV into three categories—interpersonal violence from firearms, unintentional injuries from firearms and self-harm from firearms. We used a joinpoint regression analysis to analyse the temporal trends of the FV burden.
Results
FV exhibited a non-significant increase. By cause, there was a significant increase in the burden of interpersonal violence from firearms, a non-significant decrease in the burden of self-harm from firearms and a significant decrease in the burden of unintentional injuries from firearms. Most of the FV burden is attributed to interpersonal violence from firearms. Almost the entirety of the burden of FV results from premature mortality. The incidence of FV disability adjusted life years (DALYs) was significantly higher among males than females, and was most concentrated in males aged 20–44 and females aged 15–49. Significant heterogeneity in FV DALY trends was observed at the subnational level.
Conclusion
These results may help to better understand the burden of FV and help the design and implementation of national and local preventive policies.

(https://injuryprevention.bmj.com/cgi/content/short/ip-2024-045293v1?rss=1) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/ip-2024-045293v1/) Assessing the national and subnational firearm violence trends in Mexico from 1990 to 2019: secondary data analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/ip-2023-045148v1/) Community and multisector partner engagement in US Vision Zero plan development
Aug 31st 2024, 10:56

Background
Vision Zero aims to eliminate serious and fatal road injuries using a Safe System approach. Safe System principles establish that safety is a shared responsibility; this involves both multisector partners and community engagement. This descriptive study explored multisector partners and community engagement in the development of municipal Vision Zero plans.
Methods
We reviewed all first edition Vision Zero plans published by US municipalities from 2014 to 2022. Using a structured coding tool, we abstracted partner involvement and community engagement strategies used in the development of Vision Zero plans.
Results
We identified, reviewed and abstracted 64 plans. The average number of partner groups per plan was 11.5 (12.0 for municipalities with a population ≥150 000; 10.1 for municipalities <150 000) and was higher for later plans (11.9 for plans published 2019–2022; 10.0 for plans published 2014–2018). Common partner groups engaged in the plan were law enforcement (85.9% of plans), local transportation planning (78.3%), mayor/city council/city manager (78.1%), engineering/public works (78.1%) and schools (73.4%). Community engagement strategies were reported in 71.9% of the plans and were more frequent among municipalities with a population ≥150 000 (76.1%) compared with a population <150 000 (61.1%), and in those with more recent plans (82.1%) versus earlier ones (56.0%). The most common community engagement strategies were public meetings, online surveys and map mark-ups.
Conclusions
These findings highlight the extent to which Vision Zero plans were aligned with core Safe System tenets regarding diverse partner involvement and community engagement. Plan developers should consider the translation of Safe System principles in Vision Zero plan development.

(https://injuryprevention.bmj.com/cgi/content/short/ip-2023-045148v1?rss=1) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/ip-2023-045148v1/) Community and multisector partner engagement in US Vision Zero plan development was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/ip-2024-045270v1/) Geospatial analysis of injury severity on major roads in Ghana (2017-2020): implications for targeted injury prevention and control initiatives
Aug 31st 2024, 10:55

Background
Road safety authorities in high-income countries use geospatial motor vehicle collision data for planning hazard reduction and intervention targeting. However, low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) rarely conduct such geospatial analyses due to a lack of data. Since 1991, Ghana has maintained a database of all collisions and is uniquely positioned to lead data-informed road injury prevention and control initiatives.
Methods
We identified and mapped geospatial patterns of hotspots of collisions, injuries, severe injuries and deaths using a well-known injury severity index with geographic information systems statistical methods (Getis-Ord Gi*).
Results
We identified specific areas (4.66% of major roads in urban areas and 6.16% of major roads in rural areas) to target injury control. Key roads, including National Road 1 (from the border of Cote D’Ivoire to the border of Togo) and National Road 6 (from Accra to Kumasi), have a significant concentration of high-risk roads.
Conclusions
A few key road sections are critical to target for injury prevention. We conduct a collaborative geospatial study to demonstrate the importance of addressing data and research gaps in LMICs and call for similar future research on targeting injury control and prevention efforts.

(https://injuryprevention.bmj.com/cgi/content/short/ip-2024-045270v1?rss=1) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/ip-2024-045270v1/) Geospatial analysis of injury severity on major roads in Ghana (2017-2020): implications for targeted injury prevention and control initiatives was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/jme-2024-110371v1/) Materiality and practicality: a response to – are clinicians ethically obligated to disclose their use of medical machine learning systems to patients?
Aug 31st 2024, 10:55

In his recent paper Hatherley discusses four reasons given to support mandatory disclosure of the use of machine learning technologies in healthcare, and provides counters to each of these reasons. While I agree with Hatherley’s conclusion that such disclosures should not be mandatory (at least not in an upfront fashion), I raise some problems with his counters to the materiality argument. Finally, I raise another potential problem that exists in a democratic society: that even if Hatherley’s (and other authors who share his conclusions) arguments are sound, in a democratic society the simple fact that most people might wish for such disclosures to be made might be an enough compelling reason to make such disclosures mandatory.
(https://jme.bmj.com/cgi/content/short/jme-2024-110371v1?rss=1) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/jme-2024-110371v1/) Materiality and practicality: a response to – are clinicians ethically obligated to disclose their use of medical machine learning systems to patients? was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/jme-2024-110170v1/) AI diagnoses terminal illness care limits: just, or just stingy?
Aug 31st 2024, 10:55

I agree with Jecker et al that “the headline-grabbing nature of existential risk (X-risk) diverts attention away from immediate artificial intelligence (AI) threats…”1 Focusing on very long-term speculative risks associated with AI is both ethically distracting and ethically dangerous, especially in a healthcare context. More specifically, AI in healthcare is generating healthcare justice challenges that are real, imminent and pervasive. These are challenges generated by AI that deserve immediate ethical attention, more than any X-risk issues in the distant future.
Almost 50 years ago, John Knowles edited a volume titled Doing Better and Feeling Worse: Health in the United States. We are ‘doing better’ because numerous advances in medical technologies are saving more lives and improving the quality of our lives. But we are ‘feeling worse’ because the additional costs are unsustainable, are threatening funding for other social goods and are increasing injustices regarding the allocation of those resources….
(https://jme.bmj.com/cgi/content/short/jme-2024-110170v1?rss=1) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/jme-2024-110170v1/) AI diagnoses terminal illness care limits: just, or just stingy? was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/jme-2024-110015v1/) Framing effects from misleading implicatures: an empirically based case against some purported nudges
Aug 31st 2024, 10:55

Some bioethicists argue that a doctor may frame treatment options in terms of effects on survival rather than on mortality in order to influence patients to choose the better option. The debate over such framing typically assumes that the survival and mortality frames convey the same numerical information. However, certain empirical findings contest this numerical equivalence assumption, demonstrating that framing effects may in fact be due to the two frames implying different information about the numerical bounds of survival and mortality rates. In this paper, I use these findings to argue that framing is presumptively wrong because it violates the duty of proper disclosure. Along the way, I highlight morally relevant features affecting the permissibility of framing, tackle three objections and draw some general lessons for the ethics of nudging.
(https://jme.bmj.com/cgi/content/short/jme-2024-110015v1?rss=1) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/jme-2024-110015v1/) Framing effects from misleading implicatures: an empirically based case against some purported nudges was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

Forwarded by:
Michael Reeder LCPC
Baltimore, MD

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