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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/ccp0000839/) A framework for neurodiversity-affirming interventions for autistic individuals.
Sep 19th 2023, 15:08

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,  Vol 91(9), Sep 2023, 503-504; doi:10.1037/ccp0000839
Despite being targets of intervention practice and research for over 60 years, autistic people have been left out of the conversation. Until recently, nearly no research or implementation work has sought the input of autistic people in regard to the design of interventions and, more importantly, how the goals for such interventions are prioritized and determined. This reframe has profound implications for autism-focused interventions and research, most of which have aimed to reduce or eliminate autism symptoms, with variable empirical support (Bottema-Beutel, 2023). These outcomes are practically and ethically incompatible with a neurodiversity perspective. Most prominently, applied behavior analysis (ABA), which was the first intervention approach widely applied to autistic people, has come under increasing scrutiny and criticism for failing to include autistic people in the design of intervention elements and consideration of goals; moreover, autistic people are increasingly identifying iatrogenic effects they have experienced when receiving ABA (Bottema-Beutel, 2023), with these concerns often being met with minimization rather than an endorsement of their validity and willingness to hear them out. Thus, there is a pressing need for a neurodiversity-affirming interventions (NAI) framework for autism. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/09637214231187912/) Psychological Science Meets Wearable Cognitive Assistance
Sep 19th 2023, 14:08

Current Directions in Psychological Science, Ahead of Print. A wearable cognitive assistant (WCA) is a computer-based application that guides a user through a task with input from wearable devices with the aid of computational resources in nearby locations (cloudlets). Psychological science informs development of WCAs and is encountering new issues for research. We discuss three relevant research areas: response time, action segmentation, and task comprehension.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/09637214231187912?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/cbm-2306/) Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA): A validation study among prisoners
Sep 19th 2023, 13:23

Abstract
Background
There are numerous scales for screening cognitive performance and thus identification of any potential deficits, but in spite of the vulnerability of the prison population to such problems, there has been no adequate validation of screening tools specifically for use with prisoners or others in the criminal justice system.
Aim
To validate the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) for use with prisoners.
Methods
100 adult prisoners in one Portuguese prison were randomly invited by clinicians to take part in this study. A same size sample of community-living adult non-offenders of similar age was selected from the MoCA’s normative study database in Portugal. For both groups, the key inclusion criterion was fluency in the Portuguese language. All participants completed the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the MoCA, both in Portuguese translation. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was calculated as an index of internal consistency and Pearson’s r correlations calculated. Group performances were compared using independent samples t-test. Covariance analysis (ANCOVA) was computed with level of education as covariate. To measure the magnitude of the effect, ηp2 ${eta }_{p}^{2}$ was used. A receiver operating characteristics curve analysis was computed to evaluate the discriminatory accuracy of MoCA and MMSE.
Results
The MoCA showed a ‘reasonable’ internal consistency index (α = 0.75) as well as positive and significant correlations with the MMSE. As a cognitive measure, however, the MoCA showed consistently superior psychometric properties and higher discriminatory accuracy (MoCA = 89%) than the MMSE (65%). According to the Youden index, the optimal cut-off point for the MoCA is below 24 points, whereas for the MMSE, it is below 27.
Conclusions
The MoCA is a valid cognitive screening tool for use with prisoners. Further validations against detailed cognitive evaluation would be a useful next step.
(https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cbm.2306?af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/09540121-2023-2179592/) Behaviors associated with HIV transmission risk among rural sexual and gender minority and majority residents
Sep 19th 2023, 13:08

Volume 35, Issue 10, October 2023, Page 1452-1464. 
(https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09540121.2023.2179592?ai=se&mi=79r7c4&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/open-access-journal-articles/brb3-3165/) High compassion predicts fewer sleep difficulties: A general population study with an 11‐year follow‐up
Sep 19th 2023, 12:54

Compassion is associated with better sleep and can protect against sleep difficulties. The protective effect of compassion may emerge due to fewer depressive symptoms.

Abstract
Introduction
This study investigated the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between self-reported compassion and sleep quality.
Methods
The data came from the population-based Young Finns Study with an 11-year follow-up on compassion and sleep (n = 1064). We used regression models, multilevel models, and cross-lagged panel models to analyze the data.
Results
The results showed that high compassion was cross-sectionally associated with lesser sleep deficiency and fewer sleep difficulties. High compassion also predicted fewer sleep difficulties over an 11-year follow-up (adjusted for age, gender, socioeconomic position in childhood and adulthood, body mass index, health behaviors, and working conditions). This association disappeared when controlling for depressive symptoms. The predictive pathway seemed to proceed more likely from high compassion to fewer sleep difficulties than vice versa.
Discussion
Compassion may buffer against sleep difficulties, possibly via reducing depressive symptoms.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/grey-literature/medicare-opioid-use-disorder-treatment-services/) Medicare: Opioid use disorder treatment services
Sep 19th 2023, 12:47

The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/grey-literature/medicare-opioid-use-disorder-treatment-services/) Medicare: Opioid use disorder treatment services was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/monographs-edited-collections/reinventing-the-good-life-an-empirical-contribution-to-the-philosophy-of-care/) Reinventing the Good Life: An empirical contribution to the philosophy of care
Sep 19th 2023, 12:43

The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/monographs-edited-collections/reinventing-the-good-life-an-empirical-contribution-to-the-philosophy-of-care/) Reinventing the Good Life: An empirical contribution to the philosophy of care was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/ocp0000356/) Planning engagement with web resources to improve diet quality and break up sedentary time for home-working employees: A mixed methods study.
Sep 19th 2023, 12:29

Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,  Vol 28(4), Aug 2023, 224-238; doi:10.1037/ocp0000356
As home working becomes more common, employers may struggle to provide health promotion interventions that can successfully bridge the gap between employees’ intentions to engage in healthier behaviors and actual action. Based on past evidence that action planning can successfully encourage the adoption of healthier behaviors, this mixed-methods study of a web-based self-help intervention incorporated a randomized planning trial that included quantitative measures of engagement and follow-up qualitative interviews with a subsample of participants. Participants either (a) selected a movement plan for incorporating a series of 2-min exercise videos into their work week to break up sedentary time and a balanced meal plan with recipe cards for a week’s lunches and dinners or (b) received access to these resources without a plan. Selecting a movement plan was more effective at increasing engagement with the web resources compared to the no-plan condition. In the follow-up interviews, participants indicated that the plan helped to remind participants to engage with the resources and made it simpler for them to follow the guidance for exercises and meals. Ease of use and being able to fit exercises and meals around work tasks were key factors that facilitated uptake of the resources, while lack of time and worries about how colleagues would perceive them taking breaks to use the resources were barriers to uptake. Participants’ self-efficacy was associated with general resource use but not plan adherence. Overall, including plans with online self-help resources could enhance their uptake. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/ocp0000355/) Sweet dreams are made of this: A person-centered approach toward understanding the role of sleep in chronic fatigue.
Sep 19th 2023, 12:21

Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,  Vol 28(4), Aug 2023, 205-223; doi:10.1037/ocp0000355
Previous studies show that sleep is essential in preventing symptoms related to chronic levels of fatigue. In the present study, we move beyond the traditional variable-centered approach and adopt a person-centered approach by considering antecedents and outcomes of sleep profiles. Specifically, we consider job characteristics (i.e., workload, job control, and their interaction) as predictors of sleep profiles and indicators of chronic fatigue (i.e., prolonged fatigue and burnout) as outcomes. In establishing sleep profiles, we consider levels as well as the variability of the sleep dimensions across a week. Based on daily diary data from 296 Indonesian employees, the present article uses latent profile analysis to identify sleep profiles based on both weekly averages of several sleep dimensions (i.e., sleep quality, fragmentation, duration, bedtime, and wake-up time) and their intraindividual variability. Moreover, it explores the relationship between the identified profiles to prolonged fatigue and burnout 2 weeks later as outcomes, as well as to baseline workload, job control, and their interaction as predictors. We find four different profiles (“Average Sleepers,” “Deep Owls,” “Short Sleep Compensators,” and “Restless Erratic Sleepers”). While workload, job control, and their interaction could not predict profile membership, these profiles relate differently to prolonged fatigue and burnout. As such, our study shows the importance of understanding the combination of sleep levels and variability across a week through sleep profiles, and how they differentially relate to symptoms of chronic fatigue. Our findings also highlight the need to study indicators of sleep variability alongside sleep levels. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/ocp0000354/) What are the active ingredients in recovery activities? Introducing a dimensional approach.
Sep 19th 2023, 11:21

Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,  Vol 28(4), Aug 2023, 239-262; doi:10.1037/ocp0000354
Although previous research suggests that off-job activities are generally important for recovery from work stress, a profound understanding of which aspects of recovery activities benefit the recovery process and why is still lacking. In the present work, we introduce a dimensional approach toward studying recovery activities and present a taxonomy of key recovery activity dimensions (physical, mental, social, spiritual, creative, virtual, and outdoor). Across four studies (total N = 908) using cross-sectional, time-lagged, and a diary design, we develop and validate the Recovery Activity Characteristics (RAC) questionnaire, a multidimensional measure of RAC. Results demonstrate its content validity, high scale reliabilities, and a strong factor structure. With a 10-day diary study involving two daily measurement occasions, we demonstrate the role of RAC for recovery experiences and downstream well-being outcomes. Findings underscore the importance of carefully differentiating the active ingredients of recovery activities as they differentially relate to same evening and next-morning exhaustion and vigor. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/video/explore-healthy-people-2030-disparities-data/) Explore Healthy People 2030 Disparities Data
Sep 19th 2023, 10:54

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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/podcasts/journeys-out-of-homelessness-the-voices-of-lived-experience/) Journeys Out of Homelessness: The Voices of Lived Experience
Sep 19th 2023, 10:46

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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/grey-literature/back-to-school-legislative-updates-resources/) Back to School: Legislative updates & resources
Sep 19th 2023, 10:33

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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/09540121-2022-2080800/) Sex differences in psychosocial and demographic factors associated with sustained HIV viral suppression in the Miami-Dade County Ryan White Program, 2017
Sep 19th 2023, 10:08

Volume 35, Issue 10, October 2023, Page 1437-1442. 
(https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09540121.2022.2080800?ai=se&mi=79r7c4&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/guidelines-plus/i-think-my-parent-may-be-using-crystal-methamphetamine-ice/) I think my parent may be using crystal methamphetamine (‘ice’)
Sep 19th 2023, 10:06

The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/guidelines-plus/i-think-my-parent-may-be-using-crystal-methamphetamine-ice/) I think my parent may be using crystal methamphetamine (‘ice’) was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/01622439231190889/) An Inquiry into the Modes of Existence of Latour
Sep 19th 2023, 09:09

Science, Technology, &Human Values, Ahead of Print. I offer a story of a memorable encounter with Bruno Latour when he visited Houston, TX, in 2007. I take this opportunity to reflect on the central role that relativism played in his thinking and writing, and how it related to my own experience in science studies. The reflection also raises the question of how relativism might still be a problem that haunts Latour’s more recent work on composing common worlds in the wake of climate change.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/open-access-journal-articles/hex-13832/) How to make mental health services more youth‐friendly? A Delphi study involving young adults, parents and professionals
Sep 19th 2023, 08:52

Abstract
Introduction
Although youth-friendly service characteristics have been previously identified, consensus among a representative group of stakeholders about which of these characteristics are truly relevant to the youth-friendliness of services is currently lacking. In our study, young adults, parents and professionals were consulted on this topic to reveal existing (dis)agreement. In addition, (dis)agreement on feasibility for implementation in clinical practice was also assessed.
Methods
A mixed-method Delphi approach was used with three online questionnaire rounds and a physical meeting. Young adults (18–26 years) and parents were part of a public panel and professionals were allocated to the professional panel. In the rounds, participants were asked to rate the importance and feasibility of each item. Subsequently, the percentage agreement (% of participants giving a score of 7 or above on a 9-point Likert scale) within and across panels was calculated. Consensus was assumed to have been reached when at least 70% agreement was achieved. A thematic analysis of the qualitative data, obtained in the rounds and the physical meeting, was performed to identify overarching themes and characteristics of relevance to the youth-friendliness of services.
Results
For 65% of the items included in the Delphi questionnaire, consensus on importance was reached within both panels. Participants showed more insecurity about the feasibility of these items, however. Our thematic analysis revealed reasons for disagreement between and within the panels.
Conclusions
Our study revealed substantial between- and within-panel agreement on youth-friendly service characteristics. We recommend that the items for which consensus was reached should be used as a checklist in terms of youth mental health service development, design and delivery. The characteristics for which there was disagreement between and within the panels should inspire an ongoing trialogue between young adults, parents and professionals both on the individual level and the service level.
Patient or Public Contribution
In this study, (parents of) young adults with lived experience were included as experts, including one of the coauthors. This coauthor contributed to the manuscript by having a final say about the included quotes.
(https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/hex.13832?af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/meta-analyses-systematic-reviews/02750740231193177/) Public Sector Unionization and Government Contracting: A Meta-analysis of Four Decades of Empirical Evidence
Sep 19th 2023, 08:42

The American Review of Public Administration, Ahead of Print. Within the large body of literature on government contracting, the effect of public sector unionization on contracting out is still unsettled even after decades of research. Previous literature proposes that unionization may both inhibit and motivate contracting out, making the net effect difficult to predict. Through a meta-analysis of 232 effects drawn from 49 existing studies spanning over four decades, we find that jurisdictions with higher levels of public sector unionization generally contract out more in public service delivery. Further metaregression analysis suggests that unionization has a weaker effect when governments engage in intergovernmental contracting but a stronger effect when governments contract out for technical services. Unionization also has a stronger effect on how much a government contracts out than on whether a government contracts out. Overall, unionization is a relevant, but not necessarily robust, factor in driving contracting out, and its exact effect may vary slightly by context.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/02750740231193177?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/00302228231194857/) “I Want My Loved One Back Virtually”: Exploring the Desire of Bereaved People to Create and Maintain Digital Bonds With Their Deceased Loved Ones
Sep 19th 2023, 08:09

OMEGA – Journal of Death and Dying, Ahead of Print. With the rapid development of digital technology in recent years, virtual funerals and the reproduction of deceased persons in digital spaces have become possible. However, few empirical studies have been conducted on this topic. This study assessed the attitudes of bereaved people toward digital bonds with their deceased relatives, and explored related factors. A survey was administered to bereaved, middle-aged Japanese citizens who had lost a first-degree relative within the previous 10 years. The results showed that most respondents did not seek digital bonds, but nearly 20% wanted to be reunited with their deceased in a digital space. The desire to maintain digital bonds was significantly related to other variables, such as the deceased’s age and years since their death. Regression analysis revealed that the desire for digital bonds predicted complicated grief 5 months later. The findings suggest that digital bonds may influence post-bereavement maladjustment.
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/13691058-2022-2115140/) Coping with the stress of providing mental health-related informal support to peers in an LGBTQ context
Sep 19th 2023, 07:09

Volume 25, Issue 8, August 2023, Page 991-1006. 
(https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13691058.2022.2115140?ai=2is&mi=3icuj5&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/16085906-2023-2197883/) Assessing the impact of the COVID-19 restrictions on HIV testing services in Malawi: an interrupted time series analysis
Sep 19th 2023, 06:09

Volume 22, Issue 2, July 2023, Page 92-101. 
(https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.2989/16085906.2023.2197883?ai=2e1&mi=3icuj5&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/16085906-2023-2197880/) Factors associated with patients defaulting on HIV treatment at Helen Joseph Hospital, Gauteng province, South Africa
Sep 19th 2023, 05:09

Volume 22, Issue 2, July 2023, Page 85-91. 
(https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.2989/16085906.2023.2197880?ai=2e1&mi=3icuj5&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/grey-literature/briefing-61-social-needs-among-people-living-with-mental-health-difficulties/) BRIEFING 61: social needs among people living with mental health difficulties
Sep 19th 2023, 04:39

The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/grey-literature/briefing-61-social-needs-among-people-living-with-mental-health-difficulties/) BRIEFING 61: social needs among people living with mental health difficulties was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/s40711-023-00193-6/) Can family determine competition within the college campus? the effect of family background on college students’ human capital accumulation
Sep 19th 2023, 04:07

Using the Panel Survey of Chinese University Students, this paper systematically analyzes the effect of family background on the human capital accumulation of college students. This study finds that family bac…
(https://journalofchinesesociology.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40711-023-00193-6) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/open-access-journal-articles/s12884-023-05914-w/) A network analysis of nutritional markers and maternal perinatal mental health in the French EDEN cohort
Sep 19th 2023, 03:43

Abstract

Background
Perinatal maternal depression and anxiety are associated with adverse maternal outcomes, and nutrition may play an important role in their emergence. Previous research shows that certain micro and macronutrients found in different dietary patterns may associate with perinatal mood disorders. This study aims to explore relationships between nutrition during pregnancy and perinatal maternal depression and anxiety symptoms using network analyses.

Methods
Using data from the French EDEN mother-child cohort, the sample consisted of 1438 women with available mental health outcomes (CES-D, STAI and EPDS) and nutritional markers collected from food frequency questionnaires. Four networks were constructed to explore the relationships between prenatal nutrient status, dietary patterns, and perinatal mental health, while accounting for important confounders.

Results
The Healthy dietary pattern was associated with the presence of vital micronutrients, while the Western dietary pattern was consistently associated with poorer intake of specific micronutrients and contained an excess of certain macronutrients. Western dietary pattern and symptoms of postnatal depression were connected by a positive edge in both the macronutrient and micronutrient networks. Lower education levels were associated with higher Western dietary pattern scores, from which a positive edge linked to postnatal depression symptoms in both models.

Conclusions
A Western dietary pattern was associated with increased symptoms of postnatal depression in our adjusted network models; The Healthy dietary pattern was associated with essential micronutrients but not with symptoms of depression or anxiety. Perinatal mental health might be impacted by specific dietary patterns in the context of psychosocial and physical stress associated with pregnancy.

(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12884-023-05914-w?error=cookies_not_supported&code=434b76fa-669b-47bd-84af-f646b5f53850) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/16085906-2023-2197879/) Barriers to linkage and retention in HIV care still persist among adolescent girls and young women in western Kenya
Sep 19th 2023, 03:09

Volume 22, Issue 2, July 2023, Page 71-84. 
(https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.2989/16085906.2023.2197879?ai=2e1&mi=3icuj5&af=R) Read the full article ›
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(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/00111287231195770/) Gendered Criminality and Punishment: Does Gender Influence Juvenile Offending and Punishment in Saudi Arabia?
Sep 19th 2023, 02:57

Crime &Delinquency, Ahead of Print. In this paper, we examine the connection between gendered criminality and punishment in Saudi Arabia. Specifically, we examine how the presence of a criminal associate, type of criminal associate, prior criminality, type of court, and number of presiding judges affect what types of punishments are meted out to juvenile male and female offenders. Using a sample of 437 court cases drawn from several court systems, we found that males were more likely to commit substance use-related crimes, whereas females were more likely to commit the offenses of adultery and fornication. We also found that males were more likely than females to engage in kidnapping, a relatively violent crime. In addition, our findings reveal that juvenile males tended to commit crimes with both juvenile and adult associates, whereas juvenile females were more likely to have only adult criminal associates. Also, males were more likely than females to commit murder than substance use-related crimes if they had criminal associates. Lastly, male offenders whose cases were adjudicated by two or more judges were far more likely than male offenders whose cases were tried by a single judge to receive longer prison sentences. Interestingly, we did not find an association between punishment type and gender. The implications of our findings for the juvenile justice system, policy, and future research are discussed.
(https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00111287231195770?ai=2b4&mi=ehikzz&af=R) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/00111287231195770/) Gendered Criminality and Punishment: Does Gender Influence Juvenile Offending and Punishment in Saudi Arabia? was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/13691058-2022-2111466/) Blessing of the moon: cultural beliefs, birth timing and child health in Nepal
Sep 19th 2023, 02:09

Volume 25, Issue 8, August 2023, Page 947-959. 
(https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13691058.2022.2111466?ai=2is&mi=3icuj5&af=R) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/13691058-2022-2111466/) Blessing of the moon: cultural beliefs, birth timing and child health in Nepal was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/annurev-soc-031021-104426/) From Embedded Autonomy to Counter-Hegemonic Globalization: A 60-Year Adventure in Exploring Comparative Political Economy
Sep 19th 2023, 01:11

Annual Review of Sociology, Volume 49, Issue 1, Page 1-18, July 2023. 
(https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-soc-031021-104426?ai=t0&mi=3fndc3&af=R) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/annurev-soc-031021-104426/) From Embedded Autonomy to Counter-Hegemonic Globalization: A 60-Year Adventure in Exploring Comparative Political Economy was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

(https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/s12978-023-01655-3/) Naïve, uninformed and sexually abused: circumstances surrounding adolescent pregnancies in Malawi
Sep 19th 2023, 00:18

Abstract

Background
Pregnancy and childbearing in adolescence could negatively affect girls’ health and socio-economic wellbeing across the life course. Previous studies on drivers of adolescent pregnancy in Africa have not fully considered the perspectives of parents/guardians vis-à-vis pregnant and parenting adolescents. Our study addresses this gap by examining pregnant and parenting adolescents’ and parents/guardians’ narratives about factors associated with early and unintended pregnancy.

Methodology
The descriptive study draws on qualitative data collected as part of a larger mixed-methods cross-sectional survey on the lived experiences of pregnant and parenting adolescents. Data were collected between March and May 2021 in Blantyre, Malawi, using semi-structured interview guides. We interviewed 18 pregnant and parenting adolescent girls, 10 parenting adolescent boys, and 16 parents/guardians of pregnant and parenting adolescents. Recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim into the English language by bilingual transcribers. We used the inductive-thematic analytical approach to summarize the data.

Findings
The data revealed several interconnected and structural reasons for adolescents’ vulnerability to early and unintended pregnancy. These include adolescents’ limited knowledge and access to contraceptives, poverty, sexual violence, school dropout, COVID-19 school closures, and being young and naively engaging in unprotected sex. While some parents agreed that poverty and school dropout or COVID-19 related school closure could lead to early pregnancies, most considered stubbornness, failure to adhere to abstinence advice and peer influence as responsible for adolescent pregnancies.

Conclusion
Our findings contribute to the evidence on the continued vulnerability of girls to unintended pregnancy. It highlights how parents and adolescents hold different views on reasons for early and unintended pregnancy, and documents how divergent views between girls and their parents may contribute to the lack of progress in reducing adolescent childbearing. Based on these findings, preventing unintended pregnancies will require altering community attitudes about young people’s use of contraceptives and engaging parents, education sector, civil society organizations and community and religious leaders to develop comprehensive sexuality education programs to empower in- and out-of school adolescents.

(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12978-023-01655-3?error=cookies_not_supported&code=1e189276-447a-45f4-ae08-3455a84c96d6) Read the full article ›
The post (https://ifp.nyu.edu/2023/journal-article-abstracts/s12978-023-01655-3/) Naïve, uninformed and sexually abused: circumstances surrounding adolescent pregnancies in Malawi was curated by (https://ifp.nyu.edu) information for practice.

Forwarded by:
Michael Reeder LCPC
Baltimore, MD

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